Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this report of two patients with acute malaria, the electrocardiogram on admission showed changes of repolarisation. In both cases these electrocardiographic changes normalised after anti-parasitic treatment. The first patient recovered completely; however, the second patient developed signs of congestive heart failure compatible with cardiomyopathy. In acute malaria, an electrocardiogram should be considered to detect myocardial involvement.
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PMID:Electrocardiographic changes in acute malaria. 225 Jul 54

The authors study cardiac symptoms in malaria and consider four different situations. -Cardiac symptoms in 50 cases of acute malaria: these symptoms are functional in 14 p. 100 of the cases and objective in 40 p. 100 of the cases. Changes of repolarisation of the ECG recorded in 36 p. 100 of the cases may be related to hyperthermia (acting as a stress test) or to a malarial change in myocardium. - Cardiac symptoms in other malarial aspects: they are caused by a myocardiopathy resulting of malarial chronic anemia. - Cardiac symptoms during malarial fit in patients already affected by a cardiopathy: they are mainly blood hypopressure, persistent tachycardia and they are more a consequence of the hyperthermic strain applied to an already damaged heart than of malaria by itself. - Cardiac symptoms, related to the use of antimalarial drugs. They are obvious in acute voluntary intoxications, in excessive doses or in case of normal doses in patients with renal insufficiency or hypokaliemia.
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PMID:[The heart and malaria]. 714 94

Physicians analyzed the hospital records of 62 sickle cell anemia (SCA) patients who were admitted to the pediatric wing of the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia, between January 1987 and December 1989 and who died. They examined the case fatality rate and the causes of death. During this period, SCA patients comprised 938 of the 31,843 pediatric admissions (2.95%). The case fatality rate of these 938 urban SCA patients was 6.61%, which is much lower than the 1970 rate of 18.57%. The researchers attributed the lower case fatality rate to the comprehensive health care provided by the hospital's sickle cell disease clinic, established in 1971. Sickle cell-related deaths during the study period made up 0.97% of all pediatric deaths. The case fatality rate was 20.17% for all pediatric admissions. SCA-related mortality peaked in the 1-5 year old age group (38.71%) followed by the 6-10 year old age group (20.97%). As for causes of death, the case records of only 44 sickle cell-related deaths were available. The pediatricians were not able to specify the exact clinical diagnosis in 18 case files (29.03%). The major categories of causes of death were infections (29.54%), vaso-occlusive crises (22.72%), and splenic sequestration crises (20.45%). The infections included 6 cases of bronchopneumonia, 4 cases of confirmed malaria, 1 case of pneumococcal meningitis, and 1 case of HIV infection with cardiomyopathy. The researchers were not sure whether the HIV infection or SCA caused cardiomyopathy. An earlier study at the hospital found HIV seroconversion in more and more SCA patients. This study's major obstacles were poor record keeping, poor communication channels, inability to conduct autopsies due to social and cultural reasons, procedural delays, and unavailability of pathologists. These obstacles must be addressed to improve knowledge on death in SCA patients.
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PMID:Clinical analysis of mortality in hospitalized Zambian children with sickle cell anaemia. 783 62

Selenium (Se) was discovered 180 years ago. The toxicological properties of Se in livestock were recognized first; its essential nutritional role for animals was discovered in the 1950s and for humans in 1973. Only one reductive metabolic pathway of Se is well characterized in biological systems, although several naturally occurring inorganic and organic forms of the element exist. The amount of Se available for assimilation by the tissues is dependent on the form and concentration of the element. Se is incorporated into a number of functionally active selenoproteins, including the enzyme glutathione peroxidase, which acts as a cellular protector against free radical oxidative damage and type 1 iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase which interacts with iodine to prevent abnormal hormone metabolism. Se deficiency has been linked with numerous diseases, including endemic cardiomyopathy in Se-deficient regions of China; cancer, muscular dystrophy, malaria, and cardiovascular disease have also been implicated, but evidence for the association is often tenuous. Information on Se levels in foods and dietary intake is limited, and an average requirement for Se in the U.K. has no been established. Available data suggest that intake in the U.K. is adequate for all, except for a few risk groups such as patients on total parenteral nutrition or restrictive diets.
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PMID:Selenium in health and disease: a review. 914 18

CD36 is a transmembrane glycoprotein of the class B scavenger receptor family. The CD36 gene is located on chromosome 7 q11.2 and is encoded by 15 exons. Defective CD36 is a likely candidate gene for impaired fatty acid metabolism, glucose intolerance, atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension, diabetes, cardiomyopathy, Alzheimer disease, and modification of the clinical course of malaria. Contradictory data concerning the effects of antiatherosclerotic drugs on CD36 expression indicate that further investigation of the role of CD36 in the development of atherosclerosis may be important for the prevention and treatment of this disease. This review summarizes current knowledge of CD36 gene structure, splicing, and mutations and the molecular, metabolic, and clinical consequences of these phenomena.
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PMID:Molecular basis of human CD36 gene mutations. 1767 38

Hydroxychloroquine- or chloroquine -induced cardiomyopathy is a rare but potentially fatal condition. Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine are often used for long-term treatment of rheumatic diseases and for malaria prophylaxis. Hydroxychloroquine- and chloroquine-induced cardiomyopathy have well-described microscopic features, with the classic electron microscopic findings of myelin figures (myeloid bodies). We report on 2 new cases with novel findings. The first case, in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus, was found to have megamitochondria in addition to myelin figures seen by electron microscopy. The second report describes the first case of hydroxychloroquine cardiomyopathy described in a patient with scleroderma. These novel findings will add to the present knowledge of hydroxychloroquine-induced cardiomyopathy in its pathology and its implication for treatment of rheumatic diseases.
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PMID:New clinical and ultrastructural findings in hydroxychloroquine-induced cardiomyopathy--a report of 2 cases. 1806 91

The heart is remarkably resilient even in the face of heavy parasite sequestration and other vital organ dysfunction, and deaths from cardiac arrhythmias in severe malaria are rare. Malaria may prove fatal for patients with pre-existing cardiac failure due to valvular stenosis or myocardial disease. High grade fever, parasitaemia, and fluid overload can all contribute to the problem. Cardiac arrhythmias are very rarely observed in severe falciparum malaria. An attempt has been made to evaluate the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in malaria infected patients. In the present study the levels of total cholesterol, low density lipoproteins, triglycerides were high and the levels of high density lipoproteins were low in malaria infected patients compared to controls. The markers of free radical induced injury i.e. malondialdehyde were high. The study therefore suggests the importance of assessing these markers of oxidative stress along with the other routine investigations in malaria infected patients for initiating therapy in addition to primary and secondary preventive measures to mitigate the devastating consequences hyperlipidemia in malaria infected patients leading to cardiovascular diseases.
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PMID:Variation in common lipid parameters in malaria infected patients. 2032 75

The health burden of Chagas' disease (resulting from Trypanosoma cruzi infection) in Latin America (estimated to outweigh that of malaria by 5-fold and affect 2-6 million people in Mexico alone) has motivated development of therapeutic vaccines to prevent infection progression to severe disease. Our economic model for a Chagas' therapeutic vaccine in Mexico suggests that a vaccine would be highly cost-effective and in many cases economically dominant (providing both cost savings and health benefits) throughout a range of protection durations, severe adverse event risk, and dosing regimens and would be most likely to provide a positive return on investment if the vaccine prevented (rather than delayed) the onset of cardiomyopathy.
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PMID:Modeling the economic value of a Chagas' disease therapeutic vaccine. 2289 64

Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are still used for the prevention and treatment of malaria. Moreover, they are experiencing a renaissance in the long-term therapy of connective tissue diseases (particularly in systemic lupus erythematosus). They induce a lysosomal dysfunction with an accumulation of pathologic metabolic products, which can be seen in ultrastructural histology as pathognomonic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. Due to its lower toxicity, hydroxychloroquine is the form used predominantly today. Retinopathy as a toxic result of this medication is well known. Cardiac side effects are rarely reported, but in some cases can be severe and irreversible - two cases of organ transplantation have been described in the literature. They comprise conduction disturbances (bundle-branch block, atrioventricular block) and cardiomyopathy - often with hypertrophy, restrictive physiology and congestive heart failure. As the clinical features of cardiotoxicity are unspecific, the identification and follow-up of potentially affected patients is of utmost importance. Confirming the diagnosis of this toxic storage disease requires histological examination of the myocardium in conjunction with electron microscopy. The primary clinical parameters (diagnostic criteria for this cardiomyopathy, differential diagnostics, incidence, risk factors, prognosis) as well as the diagnostic procedures are discussed against the background of the available literature.
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PMID:Chloroquine cardiomyopathy - a review of the literature. 2363 29

Autophagic vacuolar cardiomyopathy is an underrecognized, but potentially fatal, complication of treatment with chloroquine (CQ) and its derivative hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), which are used as therapy for malaria and common connective tissue disorders. Currently, the diagnosis of autophagic vacuolar cardiomyopathy is established through an endomyocardial biopsy and requires electron microscopy, which is not widely available and has a significant potential for sampling error. Recently, we have reported that immunohistochemistry for autophagic markers LC3 and p62 can replace electron microscopy in the diagnosis of HCQ-induced and colchicine-induced autophagic vacuolar skeletal myopathies. In the current study, we use 3 cases of CQ-induced or HCQ-induced cardiomyopathy and 1 HCQ-treated control case to show that the same two markers can be used to diagnose autophagic vacuolar cardiomyopathies by light microscopy. CQ-induced or HCQ-induced autophagic vacuolar cardiomyopathy is not universally fatal, but successful treatment requires early detection. By lowering the barriers to diagnosis, the application of these immunohistochemical markers will decrease the number of misdiagnosed patients, thus increasing the likelihood of favorable clinical outcomes.
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PMID:LC3 and p62 as diagnostic markers of drug-induced autophagic vacuolar cardiomyopathy: a study of 3 cases. 2368 Oct 79


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