Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two hundred and two sera from Orang Asli patients living in malarious areas were tested by the washed-cell, thick smear malaria IFA test. These patients were infected with P.vivax, P.falciparum and some with both parasites. Antibodies to the homologous antigens were detected at titres of 1 : 16-1 : 4096 about 60 days after onset of treatment. Eighteen months after cure antibody levels had fallen to lower levels of reactivity.
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PMID:Malaria antibody titres as measured by the indirect fluorescent antibody test in relation to parasitaemia and treatment. 702 94

The human serum antibody response to Plasmodium falciparum infection in Papua New Guinea has been studied by electrophoretic analysis of immunoprecipitated biosynthetically-labelled malaria proteins from three different isolates maintained in long-term in vitro culture. Differences in protein antigenic composition in different lines have been described and simplified by examination of antigens recognized only by hyperimmune serum. An in vitro assay has been used to screen various human sera containing antimalarial antibody for their ability to inhibit parasite growth and the immunoprecipitation profiles of non-inhibitory sera have been compared with those of a hyperimmune serum pool. In the discussion, emphasis is placed on the value of immunoprecipitation analyses using clinically-defined sera with known in vitro function in the identification of antigens which may be responsible for the induction of host-protective immunity.
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PMID:Immunoprecipitation of biosynthetically-labelled proteins from different Papua New Guinea Plasmodium falciparum isolates by sera from individuals in the endemic area. 703 95

The relationship between sickle cell trait and falciparum malaria was studied in the village of Djoumouna, twenty kilometers south west of Brazzaville. Malaria is characterized by a stable high intensity of transmission on the average one infective mosquito bite by night and by child contrasting with a relatively low malarial infection rate. The prevalence of carriers of an S gene (AS) does not change with age: 22.2% for children under 5 years, 22.1% for childrern between 5 and 15 years, and 22.9% in adults. Malarial infection rates are 32% in homozygous AA children under five years and 38% in AS children, an insignificant difference. Our data for this region of the Congo fail to confirm the hypothesis that the AS genotype protects the carrier against Plasmodium falciparum infection.
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PMID:[Plasmodium falciparum malaria and sickle cell gene in the popular Republic of Congo. I. Relationship between parasitemia and sicke cell trait in Djoumouna (region of Brazzaville) (author's transl)]. 703 41

Between July 1974 and June 1978 the diagnosis of haemolytic anaemia was made in 267 patients. Thalassaemia major was the leading cause (40-50%) every year except in 1977, when a sharp rise in drug induced haemolysis in G-6-PD deficient patients (61.3%) was encountered. This was possible due to an increase in incidence of vivax malaria and the use of anti-malarial drugs in that year. Abnormal haemoglobins were noted in 9.7% of the total number of patients. Hereditary spherocytosis, autoimmune haemolytic anaemias and paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria formed a minor cause. Others included copper sulphate poisoning, snake bite, hornet sting and Plasmodium falciparum infection.
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PMID:Spectrum of haemolytic anaemias in Punjab, North India. 721 Jan 70

The demographic and clinical features of severe malaria in children on the south coast of Papua New Guinea have never been clearly documented. This prospective study sought to define the associations between ethnic origin, domain, age, nutritional status and severe malaria in this group and to assess significant clinical features, evaluate the use of a coma score as a prognostic indicator in cerebral malaria and to determine the ultimate outcome. Twenty patients with severe malaria (17 cerebral malaria and 3 severe anaemia) were studied. Their mean age of 4.96 years was significantly greater than that of matched controls with uncomplicated. Plasmodium falciparum infection with mean age 3.79 years (0.02 < p < 0.05). Nutritional status was not a significant independent risk factor when controlled against inpatients with other diagnoses. Low coma scores (Adelaide scale 4/14 or less) sensitively predicted the risk of dying vs survival. The mortality of 18% was comparable with other series. Current standard treatment with quinine and Fansidar was effective and no early recrudescence was encountered in the survivors. The degree of intermarriage and migration between regions precluded firm conclusions from being drawn as to the relevance of ethnic and geographical factors in the epidemiology of severe malaria in this region.
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PMID:Severe malaria in children at Port Moresby General Hospital, Papua New Guinea. 748 99

This study was part of a larger program to develop a vaccine effective against Plasmodium falciparum infection caused by sporozoites and clinical malaria caused by asexual blood stages. In a phase 1 study of safety and immunogenicity, two recombinant proteins (Ro 46-2717, a circumsporozoite [CS] protein) construct with a molecular mass of 35 kD, and Ro 46-2924, a merozoite surface antigen [MSA-2] construct with a molecular mass of 25 kD) adsorbed onto alum were injected in two low (20 micrograms) or two high (100 micrograms) doses in the right and left deltoid muscles of 33 healthy Swiss volunteers; six other volunteers received a placebo (alum alone). Twenty-six participants reported 51 immunization-related adverse events, mainly pain at the injection site. Mean antibody titers to CS protein and MSA-2 in an indirect immunofluorescence assay peaked four weeks after the second immunization without evidence of boosting (i.e., sharp increase in titer). By that time, 56% and 31% of the vaccinees seroconverted to CS protein and MSA-2, respectively, with the increase in MSA-2 titer being weaker than that for the CS protein. After a third immunization, five vaccinees volunteered to be challenged by three or four infective bites of Anopheles stephensi. Prepatent and incubation periods in all five were comparable with unvaccinated historic controls challenged under similar conditions, and all had symptoms of clinical falciparum malaria. We conclude that the vaccine components were safe and immunogenic but there was no evidence that this immunization regimen with the CS protein plus MSA-2 component was able to prevent infection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Safety, immunogenicity, and pilot efficacy of Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite and asexual blood-stage combination vaccine in Swiss adults. 748 98

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) nucleocapsid antigen (HBcAg) was investigated as a carrier moiety for the immunodominant circumsporozoite (CS) protein repeat epitopes of Plasmodium falciparum and the rodent malaria agent P. berghei. For this purpose hybrid genes coding for [NANP]4 (C75CS2) or [DP4NPN]2 (C75CS1) as internal inserts in HBcAg (between amino acids 75 and 81) were constructed and expressed in recombinant Salmonella typhimurium. The resulting hybrid HBcAg-CS polypeptides purified from S. typhimurium were particulate and displayed CS and HBc antigenicity, however, the HBc antigenicity was reduced compared to native recombinant HBcAg. Immunization of several mouse strains with HBcAg-CS1 and HBcAg-CS2 particles resulted in high titer, P.berghei- or P.falciparum-specific anti-CS antibodies representing all murine immunoglobulin G isotypes. The possible influence of carrier-specific immunosuppression was examined, and preexisting immunity to HBcAg did not significantly affect the immunogenicity of the CS epitopes within HBcAg-CS1 particles. Similarly, the choice of adjuvant did not significantly alter the immunogenicity of HBcAg-CS hybrid particles. Immunization in complete or incomplete Freund's adjuvant or alum resulted in equivalent anti-HBc and anti-CS humoral responses. Examination of T cell recognition of HBcAg-CS particles revealed that HBcAg-specific T cells were universally primed and CS-specific T cells were primed if the insert contained a CS-specific T cell recognition site. This indicates that the internal site in HBcAg is permissive for the inclusion of heterologous pathogen-specific T as well as B cell epitopes. Most importantly, 90 and 100% of BALB/c mice immunized with HBcAg-CS1 particles were protected against a P. berghei challenge infection in two independent experiments. Therefore, hybrid HBcAg-CS particles may represent a useful approach for future malaria vaccine development.
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PMID:Immunity to malaria elicited by hybrid hepatitis B virus core particles carrying circumsporozoite protein epitopes. 752 Apr 65

A novel non-radioactive DNA diagnostic method has been developed to detect Plasmodium falciparum infection in whole blood. In this method a drop of blood from a finger prick is added to a lysing solution containing a biotinylated oligonucleotide whose sequence design is based on the repeated sequence of the parasite genome. The mixture is heated in a boiling water bath and then added to a microtitre plate where the 'target-bioprobe hybrids' are captured by the immobilized oligonucleotides. The plate is then washed to remove the coloured material and the biotinylated oligonucleotide retained on the plate is assayed by streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase conjugate. This method has also been tested in field trials by double-blind studies to detect P.falciparum infection in blood samples. Results indicate that this method is superior to the classical blood smear examination for its speed and its ease in large epidemiological surveys and is especially useful in identifying clinical malaria in endemic areas where the semi-immune population predominates. The method described can be of general application for the detection of any foreign pathogen in blood, other body fluids and tissue samples, provided the DNA probe employed constitutes a part of the repeated sequence of the genome and is unique.
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PMID:A non-radioactive DNA diagnostic procedure for the detection of malarial infection: general application to genome with repetitive sequences. 760 75

Two thousand, three hundred and thirty-two cases of human malaria were imported into the United Kingdom in 1991. There were twelve deaths; eleven of which were due to Plasmodium falciparum infection contracted in Kenya or West Africa. The annual total of cases of P. falciparum infection has increased throughout the last decade, reaching 1268 cases in 1991: over 90% of these were contracted in sub-Saharan Africa, whereas over 80% of P. vivax cases were contracted in South Asia. The largest category of infected travellers consisted of settled immigrants visiting friends and relatives in their country of origin.
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PMID:Malaria imported into the United Kingdom during 1991. 769 41

Anemia is an important cause of morbidity and probably mortality in patients with acute Plasmodium falciparum infection. The authors investigated the association between P. falciparum malaria and anemia in children living in holoendemic malaria areas in their population-based study of 338 children aged 6-40 months living in the Bagamoyo area of Tanzania. The study was conducted from late May to October 1992 when malaria transmission is high in coastal Tanzania. The children were selected at random from seven villages in the study area and not on the basis of a history of illness, suspected malaria, or any other health reason. All children were examined by a physician and detailed medical histories were taken. At enrollment, 2.5% of the children were severely anemic and 74.1% were anemic. With treatment and active surveillance, the incidence of severe anemia dropped to 1.4% and anemia to 69.5%. Stepwise regression analysis found fever and parasitemia to effectively predict anemia and that the anemic condition was age dependent. The majority of children infected with P. falciparum were iron deficient, followed by normochromic macrocytic anemias, with strong evidence that the anemia was associated with malaria and not geohelminth infection. The authors consider the importance of malaria and anemia as a cause of childhood morbidity in Africa and comment on the realization that blood transfusions commonly used to treat severe anemia are a major vehicle for HIV transmission.
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PMID:Anaemia and Plasmodium falciparum infections among young children in an holoendemic area, Bagamoyo, Tanzania. 778 26


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