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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A biochemical key was applied in order to study transmission of malaria and Bancroftian filariasis in Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto, An. arabiensis and An. merus in different localities in north-eastern Tanzania. The technique was found to be a useful additional taxonomic tool for field entomologists. Significant differences between species in the rate of infection with Bancroftian filariasis were obtained between An. gambiae s.s. and An. funestus (P less than 0.005) and between An. funestus and An. arabiensis (P less than 0.0001). There were also significant differences between most of the investigated localities in the rate of filarial infection. However, there were no significant differences between the three species or between localities with respect to malaria sporozoite rates. Possible reasons for the observed variation between species and localities with respect to vectorial activity for Bancroftian filariasis are discussed.
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PMID:Application of a biochemical key to study transmission of malaria and Bancroftian filariasis in sibling species of the Anopheles gambiae complex in north-eastern Tanzania. 257 68

Lymphatic filariasis, in the Archipelago of Vanuatu, is due to Wuchereria bancrofti. The vector is Anopheles farauti, endophilic mosquito, which transmits also malaria. The level of endemicity was very high in the beginning of this century (microfilariae in blood: 60.9%, elephantiasis: 21%), and has dramatically decline now by detection and treatment of sick people (70 cases in 1986), mass chimioprophylaxis and protection against the vectors. But these actions must be continued to obtain the eradication of filariasis in the Vanuatu.
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PMID:[Lymphatic filariasis in Vanuatu]. 289 56

In 1984 a rare opportunity arose to document the effects of contact on a previously isolated population in Papua New Guinea. The Hagahai, a small group of hunter-horticulturalists, remained hidden from government and mission influence until the early 1980s. Prior to that time, indirect contact through trade with neighboring peoples facilitated the entry of introduced infectious diseases. In late 1983 the Hagahai sought medical aid at a mission station, an event which accelerated their contact with the common epidemic diseases of the highlands. A wide variety of genetic, linguistic, ethnographic and medical data have been collected which document the historical sequence of events contributing to the current rapid demographic decline among the Hagahai. Serological evidence demonstrates the endemicity of Bancroftian filariasis, malaria, C. diphtheriae, cytomegalovirus, HTLV-1, the Ross River arbovirus and several viruses associated with the common cold. Recent epidemics include mumps, influenza A, and hepatitis B. They have not yet been affected by TB or measles, among others. Infanticide contributes to an estimated infant mortality rate of 568/1000. With a crude birth rate of 38 and a crude mortality rate of 51, the Hagahai appear to be dying out. The provision of adequate health care to these people is extremely problematic and beyond the capacity of the existing system.
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PMID:Health in the early contact period: a contemporary example from Papua New Guinea. 339 25

An epidemiological survey of filariasis and malaria in Banggi Island and Upper Kinabatangan, Sabah, revealed microfilarial rates of 7.2% and 8.6% respectively and malaria prevalence of 9.7% and 16.9% respectively. Wuchereria bancrofti was a rural nocturnally periodic type with a periodicity index of 137.2 and average peak hour at 01.32 hrs; 9.2% of microfilaremic carriers as compared to 2.4% amicrofilaremic subjects had clinical filariasis. The Plasmodium falciparum: P. vivax: P. malariae ratios were 1:1:0.17 and 1.4:1:0.12 for Banggi and Upper Kinabatangan respectively. Anopheles flavirostris was incriminated as a new malaria vector in Banggi where the well-known primary malaria vector is An. balabacensis. The latter was also found for the first time to be a vector of rural W. bancrofti in Upper Kinabatangan. Experimental feeding also showed that L3 larvae of W. bancrofti were recovered at low rates from An. balabacensis. Aedes togoi appeared to be a suitable laboratory vector for W. bancrofti.
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PMID:Bancroftian filariasis and malaria in island and hinterland populations in Sabah, Malaysia. 389 98

Seven villages in Banggi Island, Sabah, Malaysia, were surveyed four times to evaluate the roles of local mosquitoes as vectors of malaria and Bancroftian filariasis. 11 species of Anopheles were found biting man. 53.9% of the anophelines caught were An. flavirostris, 27.1% An. balabacensis, 6% An. donaldi and 4.2% An. subpictus. Infective malaria sporozoites, probably of human origin, were found in two of 336 An. flavirostris and 12 of 308 An. balabacensis. Sporozoites, probably of a non-human Plasmodium, were found in An. umbrosus. Nine of 1001 An. flavirostris and four of 365 An. balabacensis harboured L2 or L3 filarial larvae identified as those of Wuchereria bancrofti. This is the first record of An. flavirostris as a natural vector of malaria and W. bancrofti in Sabah.
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PMID:Anopheles flavirostris incriminated as a vector of malaria and Bancroftian filariasis in Banggi Island, Sabah, Malaysia. 391 69

In the obscurity of Amoy, South China, Patrick Manson first recognized that a bloodsucking arthropod can harbor--and presumably transmit--organisms of human disease: in particular, that the house mosquito is an intermediary of the filarial parasite Wuchereria bancrofti. Manson published his find in 1878 and within two years discovered that the parasite's "embryos" (microfilariae) exhibit "nocturnal periodicity," i.e., they absent themselves from the blood during the day and reappear at night coincident with the vector's greatest biting activity. The historical sequence of Manson's two findings have been confused and reversed in the literature, and in this paper evidence is adduced that the sequence given above is correct. Until the turn of this century, zoologists thought that mosquitoes took one blood-meal and died on water a few days later. Manson theorized that filarial larvae escaped from the mosquitoes into water and that people ostensibly infected themselves by drinking the contaminated water. When, however, infective larvae were found in 1900 in the mouthparts of mosquitoes, the concept that transmission occurred by bite (malaria transmission was by then understood) proved unavoidable. Nevertheless, about 70 years after the demise of Manson's old concept, workers succeeded in transmitting several kinds of W. bancrofti-related filarial organisms by mouth to gerbils. This finding served to support Manson's speculations of 1878-1900, altered the views of the parasite group to which the filariae belong, and now raises the difficult question of whether oral infection of humans does or does not occur naturally.
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PMID:Sir Patrick Manson's studies on the transmission and biology of filariasis. 613 27

Routine sampling of mosquito populations in rural villages was carried out during 13 months at 4 locations in southern Bali Island, Indonesia. Sampling was by light trapping and early night resting collections around animal stables. Specimens collected were preserved for assay of arthropod-borne viruses; 104,608 specimens representing 20 species were prepared in 2681 pools for viral assay. Anopheles barbirostris and An. subpictus have been shown to be important vectors of Brugia malayi and B. timori and of malaria and Wuchereria bancrofti in other parts of Indonesia but have not been incriminated in transmission of disease agents in Bali. Anopheles vagus may be involved in filarial transmission in other regions but is not regarded as important in Bali. Culex fuscocephala, Cx. gelidus and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus have been incriminated in the transmission of Japanese encephalitis virus in Indonesia and Cx. vishnui has been similarly implicated in other countries. The populations of these mosquitoes are compared and plotted against rainfall. The potential of the more common species as vector of some human pathogens is discussed.
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PMID:Mosquitoes of Bali Island, Indonesia: common species in the village environment. 614 Jul 60

Malaria and filariasis surveys were carried out as part of a broader general health survey between December, 1982 and May, 1983 in the Ok Tedi region of the Star Mountains, Western Province. Malaria, tropical splenomegaly syndrome (TSS) and anaemia were identified as significant health problems. Malaria slide positivity rates of 64.9% in children 2 to 9 years of age and 19.5% in adults 15 years and older indicate high levels of stable malaria transmission. Infections with Plasmodium falciparum were the most common (75.2%), but P. vivax (17.4%) and P. malariae (7.4%) were also encountered. Palpable splenomegaly occurred in 79.2% of adults and children over two years of age with more than 50% of the enlarged spleens grade III or greater (Hackett). Microfilariae (Wuchereria bancrofti) were present in 34.3% of night blood films, and estimated haemoglobin values were considerably below WHO standards. Data from the surveys provide a baseline against which to monitor changes in health status which might be expected to occur in conjunction with the development of a major mining project in the area.
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PMID:Malaria and filariasis in the Ok Tedi Region of the Star Mountains, Papua New Guinea. 659 55

The archipelago of Vanuatu is located in the South-West Pacific at 2,000 km, East of Australia. The so-called "current" pathology is similar to the one met in Europe. Because of its geographical location, a tropical pathology is to be found with a prevalence of Malaria, intestinal nematodoses and filariases ( Wuchereria bancrofti). Leprosy , dengue, ciguatera, eosinophilic meningitis as well as Tokeleau bring its originality to this pathology.
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PMID:[Pathology in the Republic of Vanuatu]. 660 81

The course of an investigation trip through Madagascar is sketched. It allowed to analyze the parasitological situation. It is explained with the sociological and economical facts and the unusual fauna of this island. The two biggest problems are Malaria tropica and schistosomatosis (bilharziasis). Further, Ancylostoma, Ascaris, taeniids, and Wuchereria occur. Plague is rare. Fasciola gigantica has been introduced since short time only. Introduction of other parasites must be feared. Sleeping illness and nagana are lacking, as well as rabies, yellow fever, Fasciola hepatica, Echinococcus granulosus, Hymenolepis nana, Trichinella spiralis and Dracunculus medinensis. Effective control measures may not be reasonable at present because of the socio-economic structure as a result of the former colonial status.
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PMID:[The large island--impressions of a medical parasitological trip to Madagascar]. 723 91


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