Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

WR 33063, a phenanthrene methanol, was studied in human volunteers for tolerance and toxicity. In normal volunteers, it was possible to give 4.6 g in four divided doses without adverse effect for 10 days. At this dose level, there was neither evidence of photosensitivity nor adverse renal or cardiac effect. At a dose level of 1.6 g in four divided doses for 6 days, WR 33063 cured 18 of 23 nonimmune volunteers infected with the Smith strain of Plasmodium falciparum from Vietnam. In addition, infections due to the Marks and Braithwaite Vietnam strains were also treated because these strains represent a major therapeutic challenge to chloroquine; six of six and two of three volunteers, respectively, were cured. With the Malayan Camp strain, 1.6 g in four divided doses for 6 days cured all of five volunteers. The African Uganda I strain of chloroquine-responsive malaria was even more responsive to WR 33063; all of six men who received 1.6 g in four divided doses for 6 days were cured, and all of three men who received this same dosage for 3 days were cured. One subject infected with a Haitian strain of P. falciparum was treated and cured. Blood-induced infections with the Chesson strain of P. vivax also responded well to WR 33063 with four of five men cured. In all, 52 men received WR 33063 in tolerance trials, and 59 men with experimental malaria and one man with clinical malaria were treated with WR 33063.
 ...
PMID:A phenanthrene methanol (WR 33063) for treatment of acute malaria. 459 14

WR 30090 at a dose of 230 mg every 8 hr for 6 days has proven to be a safe, well-tolerated compound with photosensitivity proving to be a minor consideration. WR 30090 was found to be an effective medication for the treatment of acute malaria caused by several strains of Plasmodium falciparum. At the dose of 230 mg every 8 hr for 6 days, all of six men infected with a chloroquine-susceptible strain (Uganda I) were cured, all of 13 subjects infected with moderately chloroquine-resistant strains (Malayan Camp, Malayan Taylor, and Philippine Per) were cured, and 19 of 23 subjects infected with strains highly resistant to chloroquine (Vietnam Smith and Vietnam Crocker) were cured. All of five subjects infected with the chloroquine-resistant Vietnam Marks strain were cured with only 3 days of therapy. Blood-induced P. vivax (Chesson strain) infection showed a mixed response. Six out of seven volunteers were cured when treated for 3 days with WR 30090. The one recrudescence responded to a repeated course of therapy for 3 days. However, recrudescence occurred in one volunteer treated for 6 days. Treatment with WR 30090 failed to cure sporozoite-induced P. vivax (Chesson strain) infection in any of four subjects. In all subjects treated, there was good suppression of parasitemia and relief of symptoms. The susceptibility of the strains of malaria to WR 30090 to some degree parallels their susceptibility to chloroquine.
 ...
PMID:A quinoline methanol (WR 30090) for treatment of acute malaria. 459 15

An epidemiological survey was conducted during a 4-month period of intense malaria transmission in Dielmo, a holoendemic Senegalese village. Two thick blood smears per inhabitant were collected weekly. The sex ratio of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes (gamete precursors) was studied in 50 gametocyte carriers. All age classes were represented (mean 19.7 years; range: 2 months-75 years); 42 (84%) of them did not receive antimalarial treatment. Overall 668 thick smears were examined until 100 gametocytes had been counted or for 40 min. A total of 11204 gametocytes were observed with a mean sex ratio of 0.346 (95% CI 0.317-0.374), i.e. 2.89 females per 1 male. Among the 284 thick smears in which at least 10 gametocytes were observed, the mean percentage of male gametocytes was 27.8%, with a range of 0-82%. Great variability was observed between gametocyte carriers and also between thick smears from the same gametocyte carrier. A multivariate analysis was performed which highlighted the fact that only 2 variables had a significant effect on the sex ratio. Anaemia was associated with an increased percentage of males (Prevalence Rate Ratio [PPR] of male gametocytes was multiplied by 1.65 if haematocrit rate < 32%) and a wave of gametocytes was associated with an increased percentage of female gametocytes (PRR was multiplied by 0.48 during the peak of gametocytaemia and for the 2 weeks following this peak). The variables without significant effect on sex ratio were: age, sex, clinical status and sickle cell trait status of the gametocyte carrier, density of asexual parasites, quinine treatment, and gametocyte density (when taking account of its waves). These results are discussed in regard of possible differential production, mortality or sequestration of one gametocyte sex and selective advantages for the transmission of parasites.
 ...
PMID:Sex ratio of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes in inhabitants of Dielmo, Senegal. 1288 83

Chloroquine is the drug very frequently used for the treatment of malaria. It is also used in amebiasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and various dermatological conditions. Chloroquine can cause muscle problems, loss of appetite, and diarrhea as a side effect. Cutaneous toxicity includes pruritus, hair loss, photosensitivity, and color changes. Exfoliation of skin over palms and soles is caused by chemotherapeutic drugs such as axitinib, fluorouracil, idarubicin, doxorubicin, sunitinib, sorafenib, and paclitaxel. Here, a case of a 40-year-old female is presented who developed palmoplantar exfoliation with depigmentation after taking chloroquine. Although not life-threatening, this side effect of a commonly used drug may cause anxiety and functional impairment which in turn affects the quality of life of an individual.
 ...
PMID:Palmoplantar exfoliation due to chloroquine. 2870 36