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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Liver function tests were performed in 165 hospitalized patients suffering from P. falciparum malaria with complications. Serum bilirubin was found increased in 33 patients, and 22 of them had unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia. Serum alanine aminotransferase was increased in 5 patients, but only to mild to moderate levels. Serum alkaline phosphatase was increased in 11 patients, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in 3 patients. Serum total protein and albumin were significantly decreased but these were considered more as indicator of acute phase response. Liver cell necrosis was observed in one patient, and oedema and mononuclear cell infiltration in two patients. Though hepatomegaly and mild elevation of enzymes can be observed in a significant proportion of patients, involvement of liver leading to acute hepatitis or liver cell necrosis is a relatively uncommon complication in P. falciparum malaria.
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PMID:Hepatic changes in P. falciparum malaria. 128 32

A recombinant Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite (CS) antigen representing approximately 70% of the CS protein was expressed in yeast and adsorbed onto aluminum hydroxide for use as a malaria vaccine. In a study of safety and immunogenicity, 30 volunteers were divided into four groups of 5, 5, 10, and 10 individuals, and inoculated intramuscularly with 50, 100, 200, or 400 micrograms of vaccine, respectively. Primary vaccinations were followed by two booster immunizations at six weeks and six months. Overall, the vaccine was well tolerated. Following the third vaccination, one volunteer developed acute hepatitis of uncertain etiology that resolved without sequelae. All volunteers in the 400-micrograms group, and six of 10 in the 200-micrograms group generated IgG against P. vivax CS protein, as determined by Western blot using recombinant CS protein. However, the magnitude of the antibody response measured by indirect immunofluorescence of intact sporozoites or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay against the recombinant protein was low, and responses could not be boosted. Antigen-driven replication studies using peripheral blood lymphocytes failed to detect proliferative responses specific to peptide sequences represented in the recombinant vaccine, except in one volunteer. Minimal humoral and cell-mediated immune responses developed in most recipients who received this recombinant CS vaccine.
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PMID:Safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant sporozoite malaria vaccine against Plasmodium vivax. 176 96

Plasmodium falciparum's response to quinine (7.5 g of base in 5 days) was studied in vivo in 58 adult patients hospitalized in 1985--47% presented a pernicious malaria fever three deaths were registered during treatment, two of them attributed to late hospitalization, and the third patient was struck down by a sudden acute hepatitis. Three days after treatment started 89 of the patients did not present any asexual forms. At day 7, all patients responded favourably to the treatment. Parasitemia lowered very quickly whatever the route of administration had been. Quinine had no effect on production of gametocytes during the first four days. Clinical improvement is rapidly observed and the side effects of quinine disappeared when stopping the treatment. Despite the presence in the region of an important resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine (80% specimens), one can conclude to a satisfying susceptibility of this parasite to quinine, provided posology and divided doses are respected.
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PMID:[Response of Plasmodium falciparum to quinine in a hospital environment in a chloroquine-resistant region. Bujumbura, Republic of Burundi]. 304 39

Eight hundred Jordanians with liver enlargement were studied: 369 (46%) were males and 431 (54%) females. Ages ranged between 13 and 85 years, with a mean of 47.4%: 766 cases demonstrated a single pathological process while 34 cases showed two or more processes. The most significant findings were: congestion secondary to cardiac failure in 323 cases (38.5%); inflammatory and parasitic processes in 192 cases (22.9%), including acute hepatitis (81 cases), hydatid cyst (63 cases), chronic hepatitis (27 cases), liver abscess (19 cases), brucellosis (one case) and malaria (one case); malignancy in 164 cases (19.6%); liver cirrhosis in 80 cases (9.5%); fatty metamorphosis in 47 cases (5.6%); metabolic and genetic disease in 11 cases (1.3%); miscellaneous conditions in nine cases (1.1%); and 15 apparently normal individuals (1.8%). Cardiac failure was the most frequent cause of hepatomegaly in this sample of Jordanians. Inflammatory processes were the second major cause, followed by malignancy and cirrhosis of the liver.
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PMID:Patterns of hepatomegaly in Jordanians: a prospective study of 800 cases. 407 96

In a 1969 prisoner volunteer study of malaria transmission by blood inoculation, six persons were subinoculated sequentially, and acute hepatitis occurred in the last four (sequential study). Subsequently, another 15 volunteers receiving malaria-rich blood from 14 different donors were followed prospectively (prospective study), and hepatitis developed in six. Incubation periods were shorter but serum transaminase levels were higher for the cases of hepatitis occurring in the sequential study than in the prospective study. Although the illnesses were clinically mild, elevations in transaminase levels persisted for more than six months in five and fluctuating transaminase activities were observed in nine of the 10 affected persons. In addition, an 11th prisoner developed sporadic hepatitis. Neither known human hepatitis viruses nor malaria could be implicated in these cases, which were classified as non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis. The data suggested that the viremia of short-incubation NANB hepatitis may begin within the first week after inoculation, confirmed that NANB hepatitis may be transmitted either percutaneously or nonpercutaneously, and provided further evidence that there is more than one NANB agent.
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PMID:Non-A, non-B hepatitis after experimental transmission of malaria by inoculation of blood. 678 7

Inside of 95 patients presented in Hospital with presumed hepatitis: 77 were recruted with liver cytolysis (Amino-Transferases AT > 80 UI/ml) and included in this study. Study of serologic viral markers (A, B, C, D and E type) permited to prove viral acute hepatitis infection and 49 patients were recruted inside the 77 cytolytic cases. Inside these 49 cases: 44% presented enteritic contamination with HAV/HEV markers, 36% with HBV markers: HBs/HBc, 6% with HBs/HBe markers, 10% with HDV marker, 4% with HCV marker. 28 patients presented any viral acute hepatitis marker and in this case can be evocated other hepatitis origin: viral hepatitis type (EBV), CMV, chronic hepatitis evolution, malaria hepatitis or toxic hepatitis.
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PMID:[Viral markers of acute hepatitis: A, B, C, D, and E in Dakar. October 92 - October 93]. 775 79

In support of Operation Restore Hope, the United States military established a diagnostic laboratory for infectious diseases, the Joint Forward Laboratory, in Mogadishu, Somalia. Because sporadic hepatitis due to unknown causes was a frequent problem, staff members of the Joint Forward Laboratory evaluated 31 Somalis, five displaced Ethiopians, and three Western relief workers who had acute clinical hepatitis. Patients lived in multiple locations in Somalia--Mogadishu, Baidoa, and Merca--and became ill between December 1992 and February 1993. IgM antibody to hepatitis A virus was found in one English relief worker, and IgM antibody to hepatitis E virus was found in 20 (65%) of 31 Somalis, two (40%) of five Ethiopians, and two (67%) of three Western relief workers. No patient had evidence of acute hepatitis B, malaria, yellow fever, or other arbovirus infections. These data indicate that hepatitis E virus--the major cause of enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis--was a common cause of acute sporadic hepatitis in Somalia during the initial stages of Operation Restore Hope.
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PMID:Threat of hepatitis E virus infection in Somalia during Operation Restore Hope. 805 16

The pharmacokinetics of quinine were studied in six patients with hepatitis B infection (during acute and convalescent periods) and six healthy subjects. A single 10 mg kg-1 dose of quinine was given intravenously over 2 h. Pharmacokinetic parameters of quinine during the acute phase of the infection were not different from those during the recovery phase. However, when compared with those obtained from healthy subjects, significant changes were found. The terminal elimination half-life was prolonged (17 and 15 vs 10 h) and clearance was lower (2.9 and 2.3 vs 3.5 ml min-1 kg-1). Unbound quinine concentration in plasma at 2 h was approximately 10% of the total concentration in all subjects in the three study groups. A prolonged QTc interval (< 25%) was observed in all groups. The present data suggest that current dosage regimens of quinine used in the treatment of falciparum malaria may not be suitable for malaria patients with acute hepatitis or those who have had hepatitis within the past 3 months.
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PMID:The pharmacokinetics of quinine in patients with hepatitis. 848 27

Hepatitis is common in the Stann Creek District of southern Belize. To determine the etiologies, incidence, and potential risk factors for acute jaundice, we conducted active surveillance for cases. Cases of jaundice diagnosed by a physician within the previous 6 weeks were enrolled. Evaluation included a questionnaire and laboratory tests for hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E, a blood film for malaria, and a serologic test for syphilis. Etiologies of jaundice among 62 evaluable patients included acute hepatitis A, 6 (9.7%), acute hepatitis B, 49 (79.0%), hepatitis non-A-E, 2 (3.2%), and malaria, 5 (8.1%). There were no cases of acute hepatitis E. One patient each with antibody to hepatitis C and D were detected. The annualized incidence of hepatitis A was 0.26 per 1,000. All cases of hepatitis A were in children 4-16 years of age. The annualized incidence of hepatitis B, 2.17 per 1,000, was highest in adults aged 15-44 years (4.4 per 1,000) and was higher in men (36 cases; 3.09 per 1,000) than women (13 cases; 1.19 per 1,000). Four (31%) of the women with hepatitis B were pregnant. The annualized incidence was significantly higher in Mestizo (6.18 per 1000) and Maya (6.79 per 1,000) than Garifuna (0.38 per 1,000) or Creole (0.36 per 1,000). Persons with hepatitis B were significantly more likely to be born outside of Belize (82%), had been in Belize < 5 years (73%), and lived and worked in rural areas (96%) than was the general population. Of those > or = 14 years of age with hepatitis B, only 36% were married. Few persons admitted to transfusions, tattoos, IV drug use, multiple sexual partners, visiting prostitutes, or sexually transmitted diseases. Only 1 of 49 had a reactive test for syphilis. Six patients were hospitalized (including 3 with acute hepatitis B and one with hepatitis A), and none to our knowledge died. Acute hepatitis B is the most common cause of viral hepatitis in the Stann Creek District, but the modes of transmission remain obscure. Infants, women attending prenatal clinics, and new workers are potential targets for immunization with hepatitis B vaccine.
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PMID:Epidemiology of acute hepatitis in the Stann Creek District of Belize, Central America. 1169 76

India is a intermediate prevalence zone for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Although mode of transmission of HBV is parenteral, a significant number of patients contract HBV without any such history, the so-called "sporadic" cases. It is postulated that mosquitoes or other arthropods like bedbugs may be involved in transmitting hepatitis B virus (HBV). We hypothesized that, should mosquitoes be responsible for the transmission of HBV, then the incidences of malaria and acute hepatitis due to HBV should show a linkage. We have therefore studied the frequencies of malaria and acute hepatitis B prospectively over three years to see any (a) seasonal changes in the frequencies of the two diseases and (b) any correlation between the seasonal frequencies of two diseases. This study was carried out at Gujrat research and Medical Institute, which is a busy general hospital. Frequencies of malaria and acute hepatitis B were monitored monthly, prospectively over a period of three years. Malaria was clearly a seasonal disease but no distinct peak for acute hepatitis B was documented. Correlation or Linkage between the frequencies of malaria and acute hepatitis B could not be documented to suggest that mosquito bite may be responsible for HBV transmission.
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PMID:A prospective epidemiological study to see if mosquito bite could be responsible for spread of hepatitis B virus infection. 1597 34


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