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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The research efforts to identify the etiological agent of malarial fevers during the decade 1880-1890 are traced and the various factors which facilitated and retarded research are examined. Alphonse Laveran's original announcement of his observation of the malaria parasite was regarded with great skepticism. This was a result of a rival claim of a bacterial cause of malarial fevers, advanced by Edwin Klebs and Corrado Tommasi-Crudeli, and because of the failure of Laveran's germ to explain the clinical diversity and pathophysiology of malaria. Changes in research technology, particularly the effective use of aniline dye stains, made possible greater precision in the study of the blood of malaria patients and in the subsequent understanding of the asexual phase of the plasmodium life cycle by Ettore Marchiafava and Angelo Celli. Until 1886, however, the study of the plasmodium was confined to a small group of researchers whose work was regarded with considerable reserve by the medical profession. Early in 1886, when Camillo Golgi coordinated the life cycle of the organism with the clinical course of the different types of malarial fever, clinicians became interested in the work. By 1890 Laveran's germ was generally accepted but most of Laveran's initial ideas had been discarded in favor of the taxonomic work and clinical pathology of the Italian school.
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PMID:Laveran's germ: the reception and use of a medical discovery. 257 51

This paper provides a short history of Anna Fraentzel Celli life, from her arrival in Italy in 1898 to her death in 1958, reviewing available documents and written testimonies. Anna Fraentzel was born in Berlin in 1878, third of four daughters from a bourgeois family; her maternal grandfather, Luigi Traube, was a very well known physician, as well as her father Oscar, and she developed an early interest in medicine that she couldn't fulfill: actually after her father's death she was forced to shorten her education, she couldn't enter the medical school, as she would have liked to, and she attended the nursing school, instead, displaying a lot of good practical sense. As a nurse in Hamburg in 1896 she met Prof. Angelo Celli, who was there on a professional visit, and who assisted the young nurse in finding a job at the city hospital. She was much younger than him, who was already a middle aged respected scientist; anyhow, even after his departure, they kept in touch and eventually fell in love. They married in 1899 and she moved to Rome to work at the S. Spirito Hospital joining a brilliant group of physicians and researchers as Tommasi-Crudeli, Marchiafava, Bignami, Bastianelli, Dionisi, Grassi, and her husband Angelo. They had long been studying the mode of transmission of the malaria infection and in 1898 they had identified the mosquito Anopheles as the vector of the malaria parasite. She got enthusiastically involved both in the scientific work and in the antimalarial campaign which Celli promoted in the Agro Romano. The strong personality of Anna Celli, her active involvement in social problems, her passionate dedication to her work, her peculiar way of being feminist, expressed fully her commitment to the struggle against malaria and illiteracy in the Agro Romano and in the Paludi Pontine at the beginning of the twentieth century. She must be credited as a major force in the creation and functioning of the Peasant Schools, as well as in the organisation of the experimental antimalarial health clinics. After her husband's death in 1914 she continued as a promoter of the antimalarial campaign, co-operating with the Red Cross and other institutions. Moreover, she edited the scientific and historical papers which Angelo Celli had collected and written during his life. She was also a prolific writer and lecturer on these issues and gained widespread appreciation both in Italy and in Germany. Toward the end of her life she retired to a nursing home in Rome where she died almost alone in 1958.
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PMID:[Anna Fraentzel Celli (1878-1958)]. 1064 53

The milestones in the discovery of malaria parasites and their relationships with malaria diseases are presented and discussed with particular reference to the contribution of the Italian scientists. Laveran's discovery (1880) of the malaria parasite produced some schepticism among the Roman scientists who were under the influence of Tommasi-Crudeli, the discoverer of the supposed Bacillus malariae. However, Marchiafava and Celli confirmed soon Laveran's observations and, between 1883 and 1885, improved the description of the parasite adding important details. They described, then, the aestivo-autumnal tertian fever as a distinct disease from the 'primaverile' or benign tertian. This work influenced Golgi who went on to analyse the features that distinguish the benign tertian parasite from that of the quartan. The fact that in North Italy the aestivo-autumnal tertian fever was hardly ever found, whereas it was common in the Roman Campagna and the Pontin marshes, explains why it was Celli and Marchiafava and later Bignami and Bastianelli, and Marchiafava and Bignami--but not Golgi--who were committed to work on this pernicious form of malaria. By the early 1890s the Italian scientists came to define the three malaria parasites, presently known as Plasmodium vivax, P. malariae, and P. falciparum, and to associate them with precise anatomo-pathological and clinical features. By the middle 1890s the Italian school was prepared to contribute also to the discovery of the mosquito cycle in human malaria, clearly hypothesized by Bignami in 1896 and experimentally proved in 1898 by Bignami, Bastianelli and Grassi.
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PMID:Malaria diseases and parasites. 1069 31

Camillo Golgi confirmed, in 1885, Marchiafava's and Celli's discoveries about malaria, following a clinical-pathologic research pattern and studying the patient directly. In 1889 he associated the naturalistic-biological point of view and the clinical-pathologic one so that he made possible a differential diagnosis between tertian and quartan fever, independently from the clinical observation; he supplied useful laboratory data for clinical diagnosis and, in doing so, he created the new figure of the clinical pathologist; he distinguished three different kinds of intermittent fevers and, in 1888, he specified the useful time for quinine administration. The article analyzes, also, his methodological and scientific principles.
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PMID:Camillo Golgi as clinical pathologist: epicritical reading of Golgi's works on malaria. 1162 May 93

The article deals with the history of three different Institutions fighting, through specific ways and competences against malaria in Italy: the Opera Nazionale per i Combattenti (1917-1978), primarily involved in the reclamation programs, the malariological Institute Ettore Marchiafava (1927-1967), with aims of study and research, and the Istituto interprovinciale antimalarico per le Venezie (1926-1967), a regional institution specialized in the systems of eradication. The ACS keeps all the documents the research is referring to.
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PMID:[The institutions and the fight against malaria]. 1162 91

The Section of History of Medicine of the Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology of the Rome University "La Sapienza" keeps the Archives of Angelo Celli, Amico and Francesco Bignami, Giuseppe Sanarelli. The Archives, primarily composed by medical notes, note books, correspondence, have been reorganized and an inventory has been made and computerized. The documents of the scientists Celli and Bignami testify their contribution to the study of malaria and of the pathological anatomy of the infection; Sanarelli's notebooks allow to reconstruct his scientific career. During the inventory, various groups of documents belonging to Alessandro Solivetti (1834-1893), Francesco Todaro (1839-1912), Giorgio Roster (1843-1927), Giuklio Bizzozero (1846-1901), Angelo Maffucci (1847-1903), Ettore Marchiafava (1847-1935), Giovanni Battista Grassi (1854-1925), Giovanni Mingazzini (1859-1929), Giuseppe Bastianelli (1862-1959), Vittorio Ascoli (1863-1931), Raffaele Bastianelli (1863-1961), Guiseppe Ovio (1863-1957), Vittorio Puntoni (1887-1970), Pietro Di Mattei (1896) have been found.
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PMID:[The archives of the section of history of medicine]. 1162 94

The Parasitology Institute of the University of Rome "La Sapienza" keeps documents from the Societa per gli Studi della Malaria, from the Istituto Superiore di Malariologia Ettore Marchiafava and from the Ente Regionale per la Lotta Antianofelica in Sardegna (Erlaas). The papers arrived in the private Archive of Guido Casini, malariologist and secretary of the Istituto Marchiafava, who involved himself in many activities performed by those Bureaux and who recently gave the documentary sources as a donation to the Parasitology Institute. The intervention of reorganization and inventory of the Guido Casini Fund is in its final phase; it will allow to reconstruct the institutional events of these Bureaux and to point out their important sanitary, scientific and political contribution in Italy and abroad.
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PMID:[The Guido Casini Fund]. 1162 95

The new curriculum studiorum of medicine approved by Pope Leo XII in 1824, introduced the study of general pathology. A century later a new building was designated to this field when Guido Vernoni was nominated professor, following Amico Bignami, pupil of Marchiafava and working on malaria with a morphological approach. Vernoni shifted his attention on diseases as pathophysiological concatenation of events, evolving to the study of biochemical and molecular findings.
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PMID:[Guido Vernoni and evolution of general pathology]. 1164 85

The Italian experience on the eradication of malaria is particularly significant, owing to the high endemicity of malaria in a large part of the territory of the newly formed Kingdom of Italy, the scientific level of the Italian research centres and medical structures, the efficacy of the legislative and institutional developments, the part played by the Italian School of Malariology (Bastianelli, Bignami, Celli, Fermi, Golgi, Grassi, Marchiafava, Missiroli, Raffaele) in the discovery of the transmission mechanisms and in the clarification of the ecology and epidemiology of malaria. A global approach, which combines the different antimalarial measures with the bettering of the sanitary structure and a constant activity of a high level of scientific and medical research is the key to understand the reason of the success of the antimalarial campaigns in Italy.
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PMID:[The discovery of transmission mechanisms and the fight against malaria in Italy]. 1164 Jan 67

Plasmodium dominicana n. sp. is described from Tertiary Dominican Republic amber. The description is based on oocysts, sporozoites and possible microgametes and an ookinete in the body-cavity of a female Culex mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae: Culicinae). The large pedunculated oocysts, together with the culicine vector, align the fossil with the extant avain malaria species, P. juxtanucleare Versiani & Gomes, 1941. Based on the host range of P. juxtanucleare, a possible primary host would have been a member of the order Galliformes. This discovery establishes a minimum age for the genus Plasmodium Marchiafava & Celli, 1885 and places avian malaria in the Americas by the mid-Tertiary. It also supports earlier theories that some species of primate malaria could have evolved in the Americas.
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PMID:Plasmodium dominicana n. sp. (Plasmodiidae: Haemospororida) from Tertiary Dominican amber. 1592 91


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