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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The relationship of serum protein polymorphisms to the presence of malaria antibodies was studied in 473 muria gond tribal subjects from Bastar district, Central India, an area endemic for both P. falciparum and P. vivax infection. A control group of 100 subjects in Delhi, which has a low prevalence of malaria, was also studied. Serum proteins (transferrin, haptoglobin and albumin) were analyzed for polymorphic variants by starch gel electrophoresis. Malarial antibodies were assayed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while thin blood films were screened for the presence of malaria parasites. Among serum proteins transferrin CD variant showed significant correlation with malarial infection. There were no significant differences observed between Hp1 and Hp2 variants of haptoglobin in relation to presence of malarial antibodies. Statistical analysis for albumin variants was not attempted because the number of individuals showing abnormal bands was small.
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PMID:Serum protein polymorphisms and malaria in Madya Pradesh, India. 826 24

The in vitro activity of three fluoroquinolones--ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and ofloxacin--was studied on four laboratory-adapted strains (one chloroquine-resistant) and one fresh isolate of P. falciparum from Delhi by the schizont maturation inhibition microtest. The IC50 concentrations (mean +/- SD) were found to be as: ciprofloxacin 6.38 +/- 1.34 micrograms/ml, norfloxacin 11.24 +/- 1.27 micrograms/ml, and ofloxacin 22.3 +/- 3.11 micrograms/ml, while the MIC values were 32 micrograms/ml, 64 micrograms/ml and 128 micrograms/ml for the three drugs in the same order. The IC50 and MIC values for chloroquine-resistant strain were not significantly different from those for the chloroquine-sensitive strains. We conclude that there is little interstrain variability in the in vitro susceptibility of P. falciparum to fluoroquinolones, and that there is no cross resistance between them and chloroquine. The reported variability in clinical response of falciparum malaria to fluoroquinolones is not likely to be due to variation in parasite sensitivity.
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PMID:In vitro activity of fluoroquinolones against chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. 840 96

Fifteen patients of uncomplicated falciparum malaria from Delhi were treated with norfloxacin (10 with 400 mg, 5 with 800 mg, both twice daily) for 3 days and the response was measured according to the WHO extended in vivo test criteria. The lower dose produced S response in two, RII response in five and RIII response in three patients, while the higher dose produced S response in four and RI response in one patient. In patients with S or RI response, the parasite clearance time was 68.6 +/- 9.1 h the defervescence time being 48 h. Thus, norfloxacin did reveal in vivo activity in falciparum malaria, but a dose of 400 mg twice daily proved to be curative only in a small percentage of cases and not consistently. Nausea and bitter taste were the only side effects noted in two patients.
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PMID:Curative efficacy of norfloxacin in falciparum malaria. 840 45

Kerosene lamps containing one per cent neem oil were used for mosquito repellent action in a village near Delhi. The safety aspects of this personal protection method developed by Malaria Research Centre were evaluated by animal studies and clinical examination of population before and after exposure. Single application of neem oil (1%) did not produce skin irritation in rabbits and adverse effect on guinea pigs after exposure to aerosol. Clinical examination of 156 adults and 110 children did not reveal any major adverse effects after one year of exposure to 1% neem oil.
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PMID:Preliminary evaluation of safety aspects of neem oil in kerosene lamp. 901 97

In this paper we provide an account of our experience in the application of remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) in understanding malaria transmission dynamics at the local level. Two studies have been briefly reviewed. One is the application of RS on the mosquito production in the Sanjay lake and surrounding areas in Delhi. Studies are demonstrated that remote sensing data were useful in assessing relative mosquito abundance from large water bodies. The second study was carried out in Nadiad taluka, Kheda district, Gujarat on the application of RS and GIS in a village-wise analysis of receptivity and vulnerability to malaria. For this study, remote sensed data and topo sheets of 1:50,000 and 1:125,000 were used in preparing thematic maps. Digitised overlaid maps were subjected to computer analysis using ARC/INFO 3.1 software. Malaria annual parasite incidence (API) showed relationship with water table followed by soil type, irrigation and water quality, other parameters also contributed to malaria receptivity but less significantly. Based on GIS analysis location specific malaria control strategy was suggested to achieve cost effective control of malaria on a sustainable basis.
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PMID:Role of geographic information system in malaria control. 929 87

A phase-III clinical trial was conducted in 50 patients (42M + 8F) with acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria from Delhi during the period of September to November 1995. Their mean age was 27.2 years, and the mean parasitaemia on day 0 was 0.65%. Patients were hospitalized and treated with a new ethyl derivative of artemisinin developed at CDRI called alpha, beta-arteether, at the dosage of 150 mg l/M for three consecutive days. Peripheral smears were examined every day for 4 days and then weekly up to 28 days. The results of the study showed that the mean parasite and fever clearance times were respectively 19.94 +/- 6.87 and 37.81 +/- 21.67 hours. Within 48 h, 70% of the cases became afebrile and the peripheral smear was negative in 100% of the cases. The drug was well tolerated. Three cases (6%) had recrudescence within 28 days. It is concluded that alpha, beta-arteether is a safe, effective and rapidly acting antimalarial.
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PMID:Efficacy of alpha,beta-arteether in acute uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria. 940 48

The spectrum of Plasmodium vivax subpopulations could be evaluated by analyzing the results of experimental studies of late relapses in P. vivax malaria in north-western Delhi. The spectra of the subpopulations causing late recurrences were different for malaria with short-and longterm incubations. The conclusions previously made by mathematical stimulation as to that malaria with longterm incubation is mainly transmitted at the beginning of the season have been confirmed. Based on the results of the frequency analysis, 6 P. vivax subpopulations with the values of their development duration of 15, 240, 300, 390, 720, and 1020 days, respectively, were identified for formalization of an epidemic process.
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PMID:[An evaluation of the spectrum of Plasmodium vivax subpopulations by the results of an experimental study of late relapses in Delhi]. 960 7

A five-year epidemiologic study of patients attending a malaria clinic in Delhi was conducted to find the relapse rate of infections with Plasmodium vivax, its seasonal correlation between the primary infection and subsequent relapses, the duration of the incubation period, and the patterns of relapse. By our definition, the relapse rate ranged from 23% to 44% depending on the duration of follow-up. The relapse pattern observed in the study clearly suggests the existence of both tropical and temperate zone types of P. vivax in the population characterized by distinct incubation periods and the possible existence of P. vivax subpopulations characterized by primary long incubation periods. The implication of different incubating forms of P. vivax on the epidemiology and control of malaria is also discussed.
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PMID:Studies on the Plasmodium vivax relapse pattern in Delhi, India. 968 49

Outbreaks of Dengue/Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever have been occurring in the National Capital Territory (NCT) Delhi from time to time. A massive outbreak of Dengue/DHF causing considerable mortality occurred in 1996 in the NCT, Delhi. Since this outbreak regular entomological surveillance has been instituted, for timely preventive action against Dengue/DHF. The Central Cross Checking Organisation (CCO) of the National Malaria Eradication Programme cross-checks Aedes surveillance activities in Delhi. In this paper we present our experiences in entomological surveillance in relation Dengue, to share them with other workers in this field.
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PMID:Preventing dengue/dengue haemorrhagic fever outbreaks in the National Capital Territory of Delhi--the role of entomological surveillance. 1009 27

A case of ovale malaria in a child from Delhi is reported. Urban malaria ecotypes caused by P. ovale has never been seen before. Characteristic morphological features of the parasite in stained blood film confirmed its identification.
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PMID:Plasmodium ovale malaria in Delhi. 1126 98


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