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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
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Subjects from Muria gond tribal community (n = 258) as well as from Delhi (n = 100) were classified according to ABO blood groups, and were also assayed for malarial antibodies by ELISA technique. The distribution of ABO blood groups did not differ significantly in Muria gonds and Delhi subjects. Within Muria gonds the observed frequency of ABO blood groups did not differ significantly from the expected values. No significant difference was observed in the rate of seropositivity for malarial antibodies among subjects with different blood groups. Malarial parasitaemia, although observed more in individuals with blood group A, did not differ significantly as compared with other blood groups. We conclude that ABO blood groups do not show differential susceptibility to malaria.
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PMID:Malaria and ABO blood groups. 129 45

A hospital-based retrospective case study of admitted patients was undertaken in four major hospitals of Delhi during 1991, with a view to assessing (i) recording and reporting system of malaria cases, (ii) diagnostic criteria being followed, (iii) management of complicated and severe malaria cases, and (iv) availability of life-saving antimalarials. The study showed that none of the hospitals either followed the international coding system for recording or adopted the National Malaria Eradication Programme guidelines for diagnostic criteria malaria, i.e. by blood smear examination. Diagnosis of malaria in three out of four hospitals was not preceded by blood examination in all cases. Only 55% of the 283 clinically suspected malaria cases were screened for malaria parasite with overall positivity of 20.14 per cent and of 38.25 per cent in examined cases. Age and sex break-up indicated that males suffered more and 65 per cent of the patients belonged to 16-40 years' age groups as compared to 38.4 per cent population falling in this age group according to 1981 census. Out of 263 recovered study cases, 13 per cent came from adjoining states while this percentage went up to 35 per cent (7 out of 20 cases) in the case of malaria deaths. Over 80 per cent of the clinically suspected cases presented with signs and symptoms of fever or fever with rigour, chills or vomiting. In 38 per cent of the cases there was a definite time lag in reporting of the cases to hospitals but most of the cases (91 per cent) were administered antimalarials within 24 h of admission.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Management of admitted malaria cases in four major hospitals of Delhi: a case study. 145 11

A study was conducted to determine the knowledge and attitude about breastfeeding amongst adolescent school girls (n = 74) studying in an urban public school in Delhi. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was administered. The majority of respondents had correct knowledge about the age of initiation of breast feeding (76%), introduction of semi-solid foods (61%), feeding of colostrum (58%) and superiority of breast milk over commercial preparations of milk (81%). Most believed wrongly that consumption of dry fruits (89%) and high intake of milk and pure ghee (78%) would increase breast milk secretion. The percentages of girls wrongly believing that breast feeding should be discontinued if mother was suffering from tuberculosis, malaria and diarrhea were 96, 85 and 81 respectively. There is need for including adolescent girls in continuing education activities about maternal and child health.
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PMID:Knowledge and attitude amongst well-to-do adolescent school girls towards breast feeding. 209 75

Urbanisation is rapidly taking place in India. A sizeable number of people migrate to metropolitan cities to take up casual labour jobs and settle in pockets scattered all over the city. They generally pay frequent visits to their native place with a higher malarial endemicity and are believed to be important reservoirs of infection for the native population of metropolis. To investigate this problem, a survey was conducted in 1987-88 to compare the prevalence of chronic malaria in two such pockets of migrant population with that of local population of Delhi from nearby villages. Ninetyone out of 701 (12.84 per cent) immigrants investigated had fever clinically diagnosed as malaria at the time of survey, while in the native population 45 out of 646 (6.97 per cent) had such a history. The difference is statistically significant. Splenomegaly was also significantly higher in migrants (15.41 per cent) than in natives of Delhi villages (3.10 per cent). Migrant population is not covered by active surveillance and live in poor environmental conditions conducive to mosquito breeding and malaria transmission. A special attention needs to be paid to the migratory population in the anti-malaria programme in order to control the transmission of the disease in the cities.
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PMID:Role of migratory population in keeping up endemicity of malaria in metropolitan cities of India. 209 15

A study was undertaken to determine the knowledge and attitude about breastfeeding amongst auxiliary nurse midwives (ANMs) working in rural Delhi. It was found that all respondents had correct knowledge about age of initiating breastfeeding, feeding of colostrum and superiority of breast milk over commercial milk preparations. About 76% responded that top milk given after 4 months of age should be diluted. A majority of workers mentioned that consumption of dry fruits, high quantity of milk and ghee increases the quantity of breast milk secretion. The percentage of ANMs who thought that breast-feeding should be discontinued if mother is suffering from an illness were: breast cancer (68%), tuberculosis (56%), malaria (50%) and diarrhea (36%). There is need for continuing education of peripheral health functionaries for updating their knowledge.
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PMID:Knowledge attitude towards breast-feeding amongst auxiliary nurse midwives in rural Delhi. 263 Apr 42

185 isolates of Plasmodium vivax were collected from patients visiting the malaria clinic run by the National Malaria Eradication Programme, Delhi, India. Percoll gradient centrifugation was used to concentrate P. vivax parasites from 0.4 to 0.5 ml of blood collected by finger prick. The parasite concentrate from each isolate was electrophoretically analysed for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) and adenosine deaminase (ADA). Variations were observed in GPI, GDH and ADA systems. Four electrophoretic forms of GPI and 5 each of GDH and ADA were observed. Electrophoretic mobilities of the different isoenzymic forms in P. vivax were identical to those reported for P. falciparum, indicating that the 2 species cannot be differentiated on the basis of electrophoretic patterns of the 4 enzyme systems studied.
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PMID:Plasmodium vivax: enzyme polymorphism in isolates of Indian origin. 269 26

Countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis was used to assay bloodmeals to determine the host specificity of Anopheles culicifacies species A and B, collected from areas in Delhi, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. Results indicated the predominantly zoophagic nature of species A and B with a relatively higher degree of anthropophagy for species A. Further, the human blood index was found to be related to the proportion of human and cattle population in an area. This study is significant because, of the two species only species A was incriminated as the vector of malaria in these areas.
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PMID:Host feeding patterns of Anopheles culicifacies species A and B. 319 14

The success of malaria eradication campaigns depends on the use of all methods that make for a better understanding of the biology and behaviour of mosquito vectors. One such method is precipitin testing, by which it is possible to identify the human or animal origin of blood-meals of mosquitos and thereby to determine their host preferences and vectorial importance, both generally and locally.In 1955 the World Health Organization, in agreement with the Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine, Elstree, England, set up a precipitin test service available to national research institutions and field staff of malaria eradication projects. The results of the tests carried out in 1959-64 are now presented in summary form; the data were obtained from nearly 41 000 blood smears collected from 79 species of Anopheles. In addition, the previously published results of the 1955-59 period are retabulated and data are presented on nearly 27 000 tests carried out independently at the National Institute of Communicable Diseases, Delhi, India, on Anopheles from Ceylon, India and Nepal. Altogether the review covers some 124 000 precipitin tests on 92 Anopheles species; about 93% of the tests gave a positive result with one or other of the antisera used, but attention is chiefly paid to the proportion of blood-meals taken on man.There are practical difficulties in achieving representative sampling of Anopheles populations for determination of the human blood index, but some can be overcome by increased care in sampling from a representative selection of biotopes. In areas that have been sprayed with insecticide, an attempt should be made to include mosquitos knocked down by the insecticide after feeding.
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PMID:Ten years' study (1955-64) of host selection by anopheline mosquitos. 529 35

The immune status of the individuals living in the Delhi area of northern India where Plasmodium vivax is predominant is described. The majority of the individuals who were acutely infected with P. vivax had antibodies against crude blood-stage antigen and the recombinant antigen, PV9. In contrast, the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the majority of these individuals did not show proliferation in the presence of either of these antigens. There was no correlation between antibody levels and T cell proliferation. Such an immune status of individuals living in endemic areas should be taken into account in the future in developing P. vivax malaria vaccines.
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PMID:Plasmodium vivax: immune responses in a cross-section of the population in the Delhi area of India. 794 70

Studies on adult densities, vector incrimination and breeding habitats of An. culicifacies and An. stephensi were carried out during June 1984 to May 1986 in three different ecological areas of urban Delhi. Both An. culicifacies and An. stephensi prevailed throughout the year in peri-urban areas with higher densities during the post-monsoon months. In south and northwest areas, low densities of these vector species were recorded. An. culicifacies was found naturally infected with sporozoites in peri-urban and south areas, whereas An. stephensi showed gland infection in south areas only. Out of 827 blood smears collected, 302 were positive for malaria parasites. Of the positives, P. vivax formed 48.3% and P. falciparum 51.7%. Peri-urban areas showed a higher number of malaria cases than south and northwest areas.
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PMID:Role of An. culicifacies and An. stephensi in malaria transmission in urban Delhi. 813 83


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