Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During the war period the most proliferated transmissible infections were typhoid and bilious typhoid, malaria, and in certain areas--tularemia. The maximum typhoid morbidity was in 1942-1944 (annual increase in February-May, being March a peak point month). As for malaria, the most spreading period was in 1944. Its seasonal increase was in July-October (September-peak point). Besides common methods of struggle against transmissible infections a number of measures against carrying agents were used, but these didn't receive wide application because of lack of effective insecticides for inhalation of imago and grubs of mosquitos. At that time only the "K" preparation and its modifications were available. "DDT" had appeared only in 1944.
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PMID:[The characteristics of the epidemiology and prevention of transmissible infections during World War II]. 764 95

Binding studies of 160 overlapping, synthetic octapeptides from the hydrophilic regions of the Sta58 major outer membrane protein of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi with sera from patients with scrub typhus revealed 15 immunodominant peptides which are recognized by all the sera tested. Further analysis of the specificity of peptide binding with five of these peptides indicated that the peptides showed significantly stronger binding to scrub typhus patients' sera than they did to sera from patients with other febrile illnesses common in the region, i.e., malaria, dengue fever, typhoid fever, and leptospirosis. The main antibody class binding to these peptides appears to be immunoglobulin M, and there appears to be little correlation between reactivity with peptides and antibody titers measured by the indirect immunoperoxidase test.
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PMID:Epitope mapping of the Sta58 major outer membrane protein of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi. 769 53

Fever in travelers or immigrants from the tropics is an increasingly common problem facing physicians in urban centers of North America. Malaria and typhoid fever are endemic in developing countries and affect millions of people annually. An association between falciparum malaria and salmonella bacteremia has been noted for many years, although the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. We report on two travelers with falciparum malaria and concomitant salmonella bacteremia and review the possible mechanisms that may explain this association.
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PMID:Concurrent falciparum malaria and Salmonella bacteremia in travelers: report of two cases. 775 1

Travellers returning from the tropics frequently consult a physician even if they have no actual symptoms. Physical check-ups in asymptomatic returnees rarely detect dangerous conditions. The most common laboratory finding is intestinal parasites. Blood eosinophilia may indicate helminthic infections, such as strongyloidosis, filariasis, schistosomiasis and others. If there are no diagnostically suggestive symptoms a systematic, step-by-step workup is recommended (stool parasitology, serology, and special methods to demonstrate parasites in blood or tissues). The most common symptom of returnees from the tropics is diarrhea, or other disorders of intestinal motility. Appropriate investigations include parasitological and bacteriological tests, and--if the course is more chronic--endoscopy. If diarrhea is associated with fever, systemic infections (e.g. falciparum malaria) must be considered. Fever as a leading sign may mask a number of potentially dangerous infections. If there are no other obvious signs or symptoms indicating a particular etiology, the diagnostic approach should consider first of all those systemic infections, which are potentially life-threatening and can be cured by specific therapy, i.e. bacterial meningitis, falciparum malaria, septicemia (including typhoid fever), extraintestinal amebiasis, and African trypanosomiasis.
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PMID:[The traveler returning from the tropics in clinical practice]. 787 99

International travels are increasingly frequent. Beside malaria prophylaxis, the general practitioner will review several vaccinations.e Tetanus and poliomyelitis vaccines should be administered once every ten years. It will often be useful to give a protection against hepatitis A, and less often, against typhoid fever. The yellow fever vaccine, which may be required or recommended to visit several African and South American countries, is injected only by officially recognised centres. For some travels, vaccination against hepatitis B, meningococcal meningitis or, rarely, against rabies may be considered. The vaccine against cholera will never be administered, due to its lack of efficacy and high frequency of side effects. Travellers diarrhoea will be discussed, and a "pocket" treatment prescribed. Finally, general information will be provided, including those on STD.
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PMID:[Vaccinations and useful advice for travelers]. 793 82

Tropical infections are responsible for about half of the febrile episodes among travelers coming back from (sub-)tropical areas. Among these, the infections requiring urgent therapy must be recognized in priority. Without early and specific therapy, malaria may rapidly become lethal. This infection must therefore be searched by repeated blood smears. If negative, typhoid fever, amoebic liver abscess or rickettsial infection are frequent and may also be lethal if left untreated. The diagnostic approach of a febrile illness in a traveler coming back from the tropics is developed.
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PMID:[Fever upon return from the tropics]. 793 84

20-50% of all travellers to tropical and subtropical countries experience health problems during or after travel. Mainly respiratory tract infections or gastrointestinal disorders are predominant. As specific disorders imported from the tropics traveller's diarrhoea is prevailing, however amebic and helminthic infections, hepatitis A, malaria, sexually transmitted diseases as well skin disorders are rather common. Classical tropical diseases such as cholera, sleeping sickness or trachoma play only a very minor role as imported infections. The majority of health impairments during or after travel are uncomplicated or self limiting. However, falciparum malaria, viral hepatitides, typhoid fever, tropical viral infections and infections of the CNS can take a malicious course. Early diagnosis and treatment generally can provide complete cure without sequels. Sequels are most commonly seen following hepatitis B and C as well as HIV infection but also as a result of CNS infections (e.g. encephalitis) and of imported tuberculosis. For medical expert opinion it is essential that sequels were present already during the acute phase of illness. The socio-economical impact of infections imported from the tropics is considerable due to the high morbidity figures. Preventive measures before and after a stay in tropical countries could markedly reduce the health risks involved.
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PMID:[Sequelae of imported tropical diseases in Germany]. 794 Dec 24

The English-speaking Caribbean is in transition toward communicable disease health patterns seen in the more developed world. Structural adjustment policies in recent years have weakened control measures, such as water supply and sanitation, as illustrated by recent outbreaks of typhoid fever in Jamaica (1990-1991), increased malaria incidence in Suriname and Guyana (with temporary importation into southern Trinidad in 1991), an upswing in tuberculosis in some countries, and the occurrence of cholera outbreaks in Belize, Suriname, and Guyana. The emergence of epidemic cholera throughout most of Latin America in 1991, and Caribbean mainland countries in 1992, aroused concern. Deteriorating socioeconomic conditions and the consequent communicable disease risk underscored the absence of communicable disease control in the Caribbean Cooperation in Health (CCH) strategy which was adopted in 1986 by the countries of the Caribbean Community. The Caribbean Epidemiology Center (CAREC) offered the following analysis: At least four out of seven CCH priorities already directly address critical aspects of communicable disease control, and therefore the question arises whether communicable disease control should be recognized as an explicit CCH priority. Beyond cholera and the diseases already represented in the CCH strategy, there are only a few other communicable diseases that warrant specific attention at this time: tuberculosis; leprosy, which CAREC member countries may want to eradicate; and leptospirosis, a zoonosis (communicable disease of animals transmissible to humans) thought to be the most frequent disease of this type in the Caribbean. These three conditions are insufficient to justify a distinct communicable disease grouping within CCH. However, if all communicable diseases of public health importance were to be grouped together (AIDS/STD, vaccine-preventable diseases, food- and waterborne diseases, vector-borne diseases), such a group would be important enough to justify a distinct priority category, with several major subcategories.
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PMID:Communicable disease control as a Caribbean public health priority. 801 35

Practical and precise information about the potential infectious health hazards that travelers to Latin America may encounter is reviewed in this article. Some diseases are briefly described, others are only mentioned. The countries have been grouped into four geographical areas following the classification of the World Health Organization. The discussion on each area includes information on travelers' diarrhea, malaria, cholera, typhoid fever, yellow fever, and other diseases or special problems.
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PMID:Health advice for travelers to Latin America. 802 43

Outpatient control over the patients who went through infectious diseases in Afghanistan is determined by a structure of the dominant nosological forms of infectious diseases: typhoid, paratyphoid, intestinal amebiasis and other acute intestinal infections, viral hepatitis, malaria. A considerable number of servicemen who went through infectious diseases had led to a re-enforcement of "infections service" inside the organic structure of the 40th Army, as well as to elaboration of a rational system of outpatient control, including regular medical examinations by organic physicians, and infectionists, laboratory, functional and instrumental methods of examination by organic medical units and specialized health care establishments and sanitary-epidemiological units.
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PMID:[The organization of dispensary observation for persons with a history of infectious diseases in Afghanistan]. 814 66


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