Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Dot-ELISA) is a highly versatile solid-phase immunoassay for antibody or antigen detection. The assay uses minute amounts of reagent dotted onto solid surfaces such as nitrocellulose and other paper membranes which avidly bind proteins. After incubation with antigen-specific antibody and enzyme-conjugated anti-antibody, the addition of a precipitable, chromogenic substrate causes the formation of a colored dot on the solid phase which is visually read. The Dot-ELISA has been used extensively in the detection of human and veterinary protozoan and metazoan parasitic diseases, including amebiasis, babesiosis, fascioliasis, cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, cysticercosis, echinococcosis, malaria, schistosomiasis, toxocariasis, toxoplasmosis, trichinosis, trypanosomiasis and even ixodid tick infestation. The technique is rapid, easy to perform and interpret, reagent conservative, cost effective and field portable. In addition, the Dot-ELISA may be configured to detect antibodies or parasite antigen in either microtiter plates for large-batch testing or with dipsticks for small numbers of determinations. A slight modification of the Dot-ELISA procedure allows the determination of infection rates of vectors such as ticks and sandflies with parasites.
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PMID:Recent applications of the Dot-ELISA in immunoparasitology. 305 66

Infections caused by parasites are common and not limited to the developing world. The spectrum of interactions between pregnancy and parasite infection ranges from minor discomfort to fetal death and are well illustrated by the problems of toxoplasmosis and malaria.
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PMID:Parasites and pregnancy: the problems of malaria and toxoplasmosis. 328 27

Knowledge of patients' travel history is an important facet of diagnosis. Malaria, Chagas' disease, toxoplasmosis, Lyme disease, arboviruses, and many other relatively unusual diseases can be contracted while the patient is traveling, and the symptoms, which may mimic another disease, may not become obvious until the patient returns. The Roman philosopher Marcus Aurelius Antoninus alerts us to easier resolutions of our daily diagnostic dilemmas: "Look within and let neither the peculiar quality of anything nor its value escape thee."
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PMID:Travails of travel. Subtle and obscure causes of illness. 338 51

General screening investigations with various antigens were carried out with a view to further specific investigations being carried out on the Cape Verde Islands concerning infectious diseases. Serological positive reactions were found in Mumps, Adeno, PLT, Cytomegaly, Herpes, Para-influenza 1, 2, 3, Influenza A and B, Mycoplasmosis, RS-Virus, Gonorrhoea, Hepatitis A and B, R. conori, Malaria, Syphilis, Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis, Varicella, Legionella, Picornavirus, Measles, German Measles, Listeriosis, Toxoplasmosis and Amoebic dysentery.
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PMID:Serological screenings of various infectious diseases on the Cape Verde Islands (West Africa). 344 44

In Somali nomads the incidence of intestinal helminths is very low compared with that observed in Somalian closed institutions and practically no Entamoeba infection occurs. Schistosoma haematobium eggs are observed in urine of 50% of adults nomads. Immunological tests reveal that the relative prevalences of leishmaniasis (the lowest), malaria, and toxoplasmosis (the highest) in nomads are similar to those shown by the same techniques in settled communities.
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PMID:Epidemiological study of parasitic infections in Somali nomads. 344 97

The authors give a comprehensive review of the epidemiology, clinical presentations, diagnosis and current therapy of parasitic infections with CNS manifestations in both the normal and immunocompromised host. These include toxoplasmosis, malaria, amebiasis, neurocystcersosis, hydatid disease, and trichinosis. Additional sections cover disseminated strongyloidiasis, eosinophilic meningitis, visceral and ocular larva migrans, schistosomiasis, and cerebral paragonimiasis. Emphasis is on the neurologic complications of these diseases and their presentations in populations at increased risk for acquiring or reactivating these infections.
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PMID:Parasitic infections of the central nervous system. 352 1

A dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot ELISA) was evaluated and compared with a standard microplate ELISA (immunoglobulin G [IgG] ELISA) for the serological diagnosis of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. The two assays were used to test 113 serum specimens from the following groups: normal individuals and patients with deep mycoses, toxoplasmosis, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, visceral leishmaniasis, Chagas' disease, malaria, and schistosomiasis. Both tests exhibited cross-reactivity when testing specimens from cases of visceral leishmaniasis and Chagas' disease. The dot ELISA proved to be economical with respect to use of reagents and was easy to perform. Interpretation could easily be made by visual inspection of reaction endpoints in the nitrocellulose disks, obviating the need for spectrophotometric readings. There were no significant differences in sensitivity between the dot ELISA and the IgG ELISA at a cutoff level either of 20 or 40. However, its most remarkable feature was the high specificity compared with that of the IgG ELISA. Because of its ease of performance and high sensitivity and specificity, the dot ELISA should be an excellent test to be executed in the field during seroepidemiological surveys.
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PMID:Evaluation of dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for mucocutaneous leishmaniasis and comparison with microplate enzyme immunoassay. 353 Dec 27

A radioimmunoassay for the quantitative determination of antileishmanial antibody in sera from patients suffering from cutaneous leishmaniasis was developed. The assay, using as antigen either the soluble fraction from freeze-thawed sonicated Leishmania major (LRC-L137) promastigotes or a carbohydrate-lipid containing fraction obtained by extraction with hexane-isopropanol, was shown to be sensitive and reproducible. The sera of 95 patients were examined. These were from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (26 from the Jordan Valley and 13 from Sinai), kala-azar (9), malaria (24), schistosomiasis (10), toxoplasmosis (5), and leprosy (8); controls were 37 normal human sera. No significant antigen dependent differences were observed using sera from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients, although differences in the immunological response were observed between the two populations of these patients. Antileishmanial activity was not detected in sera from patients with malaria, schistosomiasis, or toxoplasmosis. Although sera from leprosy patients crossreacted with the carbohydrate-lipid containing fraction, it was nevertheless more strain specific than freeze thawed sonicated L. major.
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PMID:Leishmania major: solid phase radioimmunoassay for antibody detection in human cutaneous leishmaniasis. 372 Sep 2

The characteristics of AIDS in Africa differ sharply from those in North America with respect to diagnosis and epidemiology, and in a clinical sense. The study of 78 patients treated in Kinshasa, Zaire during the period of October 1983-July 1984 yielded the following results: 159 out of a total of 1051 hospitalized patients were suspected of having AIDS, and there were 78 proven cases (54 of them died). The average age of 40 women and 38 men was 27 and 31 years, respectively, and the ratio of married people was 35% and 74%, respectively, with a lot of men living in polygamous relationships. In the first stage of the disease weight loss appeared in 100%, recurrent diarrhea in 83.3%, significant loss of strength in 75.6%, febrile conditions in 68.3%, and skin lesions in 58.9%. The ratio of men to women was 5:5, since heterosexuality and polygamy prevailed. Cigarette smoking was the main addition, thus drug addition per se did not appear as a risk factor. Blood transfusions occurred frequently (for instance, in malaria), but hemophilic patients receiving lyophilized preparations were rare. Haitians visited in fairly large numbers after the 1960's propagating the risk of AIDS. Black Africans accounted for 100% of cases. The number of concomitant, opportunistic diseases in AIDS patients in Zaire were: 34 cases of tuberculosis, 32 cases of candidiasis, 30 fungal infections, 21 Herpes labialis and/or genitalis, 19 cases of dermal and cerebral cryptococcosis, 12 cases of cryptosporidiosis, 9 cases of Kaposi's sarcoma, 5 cases of Herpes zoster, 3 cases of aseptic cerebral infections, 3 cases of coccidiosis, 2 cases of toxoplasmosis, and 1 case of pneumonia (Pneumocystis). Tuberculosis, cryptococcosis, cryptosporidiosis, and toxicosis were more frequent opportunistic diseases in Zaire than in the U.S.A., while pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis and Kaposi's sarcoma were relatively rare.
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PMID:[Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the African environment]. 382 54

The tropical splenomegaly syndrome, described by Charmot as a chronic splenomegaly without any acute malaria attack, appears to be the prototype of hyperimmune malaria. A very small number of red cells or even no red cells are infected. IgG and/or IgM rates are greatly increased, as are anti-Plasmodium antibodies. The ratio T. helper/T. suppressor is normal or slightly increased. Serological tests show often cross reactions, mainly with African trypanosomiasis and toxoplasmosis, also with leishmaniasis. Undefined genetic factors in the host could explain the syndrome.
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PMID:[Cellular and humoral immunity in hyperimmune malaria]. 393 94


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