Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The prevalence of HIV antibodies, as well as evidence of hepatitis B, syphilis, and Chagas' disease, was tested in 87 male and 13 female clients of a church-funded medical clinic in Rio de Janeiro who often donated blood to commercial blood banks. 5 individuals were seropositive for HIV, 2 homosexuals, 1 bisexual, and 2 heterosexuals. 21 had evidence of hepatitis B, including 2 with HBsag antibodies. 13 tested positive for syphilis, and 5 were positive for T. cruzi (Chagas' disease). The high incidence of positive tests for hepatitis B and Chagas' disease was possibly due to donation by plasmapheresis, which has been suspected to cause outbreaks of non-A, non-B hepatitis and malaria in this area. The practice of selling contaminated blood to unsuspecting recipients should be prevented no matter how high the cost.
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PMID:HIV antibodies in beggar blood donors in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 314 88

General screening investigations with various antigens were carried out with a view to further specific investigations being carried out on the Cape Verde Islands concerning infectious diseases. Serological positive reactions were found in Mumps, Adeno, PLT, Cytomegaly, Herpes, Para-influenza 1, 2, 3, Influenza A and B, Mycoplasmosis, RS-Virus, Gonorrhoea, Hepatitis A and B, R. conori, Malaria, Syphilis, Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis, Varicella, Legionella, Picornavirus, Measles, German Measles, Listeriosis, Toxoplasmosis and Amoebic dysentery.
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PMID:Serological screenings of various infectious diseases on the Cape Verde Islands (West Africa). 344 44

In serological investigations undertaken in two hospitals in Nigeria a total of 188 blood samples were examined and the following positive reactions for various diseases found: malaria 100%, leishmaniasis 9.5%, biharziasis 2.1%, yersinia 16.4%, Legionella pn. 9%, gonorrhea 6%, syphilis 6.9%, measles 65.4%, rubella 84%, cytomegalic 78.2%, herpes simplex 67%, varicella 30.8%, Resp. sync. virus 34.6%, influenza A 57.4%, influenza B 73.9%, para-influenza 1, 2, 3, 20.7%, 16.5%, 52.6%, adenovirus 25%, Mycoplasma pneumoniae 33.5%.
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PMID:Serological testing of human blood samples for infectious diseases in the Abeokuta and the Minna Hospitals/Nigeria. 344 50

Travelers to developing countries participated in a follow-up study of the health risks associated with short (less than three months) visits to these nations. Travelers to the Greek or Canary Islands served as a control cohort. Participants completed a questionnaire to elicit information regarding pretravel vaccinations, malaria prophylaxis, and health problems during and after their journey. Relevant infections were confirmed by the respondent's personal physician. The questionnaire was completed by 10,524 travelers; the answer rate was 73.8%. After a visit to developing countries, 15% of the travelers reported health problems, 8% consulted a doctor, and 3% were unable to work for an average of 15 days. The incidence of infection per month abroad was as follows: giardiasis, 7/1,000; amebiasis, 4/1,000; hepatitis, 4/1,000; gonorrhea, 3/1,000; and malaria, helminthiases, or syphilis, less than 1/1,000. There were no cases of typhoid fever or cholera.
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PMID:Health problems after travel to developing countries. 359 28

Public health concern in relation to refugees arriving in New South Wales is due to the high prevalence of tuberculosis, syphilis and hepatitis B infection in some refugee groups. Other infectious diseases (with the exception of malaria in the Northern Territory and Queensland) do not pose a significant threat to public health owing to their low prevalence (which may result from overseas screening and treatment) and/or low infectivity in Australian conditions. Because of overseas screening by the Commonwealth Government before the departure of the refugees, it was uncommon in 1984 for previously undetected tuberculosis to be detected when refugees were screened on arrival in Sydney (found in only one in 800 refugees who underwent screening). However, of the refugees in Sydney who had positive results of serological tests for syphilis, a substantial proportion (at times in excess of 50%) had had a negative result at the overseas screening; subsequent follow-up of those with positive serological results indicated inactive disease in almost all cases. There is a need to monitor the infectious disease prevalence and the effectiveness of overseas screening of refugees by on-arrival screening; decisions about screening procedures and the selection of particular incoming refugee groups for screening should be based on sound epidemiological and clinical analysis.
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PMID:A review of refugee medical screening in New South Wales. 379 4

An influx of Indochinese refugees into the Philadelphia area prompted a review of their reproductive performance as related to parasitic diseases and other infectious complications. A total of 100 infants were delivered of 97 women over an 18-month period (41 Vietnamese, 28 Laotian, 26 Cambodian, 2 Thai). Intestinal parasites were present in 65% of the mothers. Additional infections included 1 case of malaria, 1 of gonorrhea, 4 of syphilis, 5 of hepatitis B surface antigen and 12 of positive tuberculin (5-tuberculin-unit) skin tests. When comparing Southeast Asian gravidas with and without parasites, there were no significant differences between mean hemoglobin values, mean gestational age at delivery and mean birth weights of their infants. Although the Southeast Asian refugees had a high rate of infectious complications, they proved to have favorable pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.
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PMID:Intestinal parasites and other infections during pregnancy in Southeast Asian refugees. 406 41

The Falashas live in the northwestern part of the Ethiopian plateau and practice an ancient form of Judaism. In response to reports of epidemics, poor sanitary conditions, and a lack of health providers, world Jewish organizations have sent a physician to serve this widely dispersed minority population. Three dispensary clinics were established and provide free treatment. During 1962-63, 847 Falashas families and 948 non-Falashas families visited these centers. Major complaints included gastrointestinal problems (17.1%), musculoskeletal pain (15.6%), and upper respiratory tract infection (6.8%). As a result of religious restrictions and self-imposed isolation, syphilis and gonorrhea are absent among the Falashas. Since children are breast fed for at least 2 years without adequate supplementary feeding, protein-calorie deficiency is widespread. On the other hand, nutritional anemias are rare. Small outbreaks of typhoid fever occur during the rainy season and malaria and smallpox epidemics have been reported. 75% of stools examined were positive for parasites. Falasha women deliver at home with the assistance of a local midwife. Unexpected was the willingness of pregnant women to visit the maternal-child clinic for routine examinations in the last months of pregnancy.
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PMID:Medical work among the Falashas of Ethiopia. 603 88

The term empiric is defined, and its implications in the treatment of infectious diseases and the selection of beta-lactam antibiotics are discussed. Some changes in the choice of empiric therapy during the last half-century are brought out by a discussion of therapy for selected infections. For some infections the changes (if any) have been only minor; for others, however, the changes have resulted in a progressive decline in mortality, a shortening of the course of the disease, and the reduction or elimination of complications. Among the diseases discussed are seborrheic dermatitis, malaria, syphilis, typhoid fever, pneumonia, bacterial endocarditis, and bacterial meningitis.
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PMID:Empiric therapy for bacterial infections: the historical perspective. 634 95

Leishmania braziliensis panamensis promastigotes, temperature-induced in vitro-cultivated amastigotes, Vero cell-derived amastigotes, and rodent lesion-derived amastigotes were evaluated as antigens in the indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) test for American cutaneous leishmaniasis. Test sensitivity was determined using sera from 34 U.S. soldiers with leishmaniasis diagnosed by demonstrating parasites in their skin lesions. Sera were collected from 3 to 24 months after exposure to Leishmania. Positive IFA reactions among patient sera were 82% with promastigotes or lesion amastigotes, 79% with in vitro amastigotes, and 76% with Vero cell amastigotes (P = N.S.). Positive titers ranged from 1:8 to 1:128 using all antigens. Test specificity was determined with 30 sera from healthy individuals. False positive reactions ranged from 0-5% depending on the antigen and all titers were less than or equal to 1:8. Test cross-reactivity was assessed with 47 sera from patients with other diseases. Depending on the antigen, cross-reactions occurred with sera from patients with Chagas' disease, lupus erythematosus, malaria, toxoplasmosis and amebiasis. None of the antigens cross-reacted with sera from patients with viral hepatitis, coccidioidomycosis, syphilis, schistosomiasis, and trichinosis. In replicate experiments, 99-100% of the sera varied no more than +/- 1 titer dilution. As sensitivity, specificity, cross-reactivity, and reproducibility of the four antigens were statistically similar, promastigotes, which can be easily and economically cultured in large numbers in vitro are recommended for use in the IFA test for American cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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PMID:Evaluation of promastigote and amastigote antigens in the indirect fluorescent antibody test for American cutaneous leishmaniasis. 635 6

Except for post-transfusion hepatitis (PTH), the transmission of disease by blood transfusion appears to be very limited. There are only a few case reports documenting the transmission of malaria and other parasitic diseases, syphilis, or bacterial infections. The ability to eradicate PTH will depend on the development of sensitive-specific tests for the non-A, non-B agent(s). In the interim, two important steps that might be taken to reduce the incidence of PTH are the careful recruitment of blood donors and, most important, the judicious use of blood and its components.
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PMID:Diseases transmitted by blood transfusion. 640 50


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