Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a study of the disease pattern of the elderly in Rwanda, all patients aged 60 or more, hospitalized in a one-year period at the Medical Department, University Hospital, Butare, were examined prospectively. One hundred and ninety-two patients were included; most were subsistence farmers having a mainly vegetarian diet and living in large families. Infections (37.5% of the patients) and liver cirrhosis (31.8%) were the problems most frequently encountered. Primary hepatocellular cancer was diagnosed in 5.7% of the patients and was the most frequent malignancy. The hospitalized elderly occupied 17.5% of the available beds in the Medical Department. Their disease pattern was different from that of younger patients, making heavier demands on the medical resources. Malaria and upper intestinal inflammation were less frequent in the elderly; liver cirrhosis, primary hepatocellular cancer, pneumonia, prostatic cancer, cardiovascular pathology, chronic renal pathology and chronic lung disease were more prevalent. Several age-related conditions frequently observed in industrialized countries (e.g. coronary heart disease, stroke, gallstones, renal cysts, dementia) were rare. The study thus illustrates the concept of 'secondary aging': to the primary changes induced by the aging process, additional alterations are added which depend upon the environment and the lifestyle, resulting in a varying disease pattern. Health policies thus must take into account that the demographic transition in developing countries may result in a pattern of diseases different from that seen in industrialized countries; care must be taken when transposing data obtained from elderly populations in industrialized countries.
 ...
PMID:The disease pattern of elderly medical patients in Rwanda, central Africa. 841 4

Various molecules expressed on the surface of platelets have been shown to mediate the protective or deleterious role of these cells in immuno-inflammatory mechanisms. Increasing evidence points to the involvement of the cell adhesion molecules, gpIIb-IIIa, P-selectin, CD31, LFA-1, and CD36 in the interaction between platelets and endothelial cells as well as other cell types. The possible role of these molecules in the ability of platelets to support endothelium and to protect against tumour necrosis factor mediated cytolysis or parasitic invasion are reviewed. The involvement of platelets as effectors of tissue damage in cerebral malaria, lipopolysaccharide induced pathology, and pulmonary fibrosis is also discussed. This has then been extended to include the intercellular mechanisms underpinning their pathogenic role in metastasis, transplant rejection, stroke, brain hypoxia, and related conditions. A better understanding of the complex regulation and hierarchical organisation of these various platelet adhesion molecules may prove useful in the development of new approaches to the treatment of such diseases.
 ...
PMID:Role of platelet adhesion in homeostasis and immunopathology. 935 Mar

This study was undertaken to attempt to identify correlations between microsporidial seroprevalence data in man, clinical diseases and groups of people at the risk of HIV/AIDS infection. Groups of patients were selected according to the predilection of members of the genus Encephalitozoon for nervous and kidney tissue. Female prostitutes and alcohol and intravenous drug abusers were selected as groups at risk of HIV/AIDS infections. A total of 401 samples of human sera were examined for the presence of antimicrosporidial IgG antibodies by ELISA test with a titre of 600 considered borderline positivity. The highest occurrence of antimicrosporidial antibodies was found in the groups of alcohol abusers (16% from 43 patients), intravenous drug abusers (11% from 9 patients) and prostitutes (10% from 80 women) for E. cuniculi antigen and in the groups of psychiatric patients (14% from 44 patients), malaria patients (11% from 38 patients) and alcohol abusers (7% from 43 patients) for E. hellem antigen. The occurrence of specific antibodies of the six examined diagnostic units (glomerulonephritis chronica, pyelonephritis chronica, schizophrenia, dementia, multiple sclerosis and cerebral stroke) was statistically significant only in patients with pyelonephritis chronica and dementia (p < 0.05). No cases of microsporidial infection were found among the female prostitutes by parasitological examination, although one case of giardiasis was identified. Sera of patients with high anti-E. cuniculi and anti-E. hellem antibodies (titres in ELISA of 600 and above) were confirmed by Western blot using E. cuniculi and E. hellem polypeptides, respectively. These results suggest that the examined patients could show residual antibodies from past or latent infections.
 ...
PMID:The serological surveillance of several groups of patients using antigens of Encephalitozoon hellem and E. cuniculi antibodies to microsporidia in patients. 968 20

Ronald Ross is a brilliant and polyvalent mind. When orientated towards medicine he took the training amateurishly and ended up with a limited qualification. After 2 years as a ship doctor, he attended the compulsory complementary training in order to be admissible in the IMS, the garrison life left him with plenty of time to engage in his hobby's: painting for a short while, writing, poetry and mathematics. By the end of his first term he questioned the sense of his medical activities and decided, with a view to his career, to acquire a Public Health diploma and some complementary bacteriology. During his second term the malaria problem drew his attention. As he was unable to detect the parasite of Laveran in the blood of patients with malarial fevers he concluded that the parasite had been some lucky microscopic finding without any value and turned this parasite into ridicule. During his leave in 1894 he met Manson, who showed him the technique to put the parasite in evidence and convinced him to search for its vector which, to his opinion, should be a mosquito. Ross decided to follow this lead. With his minimal parasitological knowledge and an entomological background limited to the external appearance of mosquitoes he endeavoured to establish the life cycle of the malarial parasites. Notwithstanding some service bounded transfers, he followed the fate of the filaments of the crescents and discovered the parasite on the stomachwall of dapled-winged mosquitoes. During his special mission in Calcutta and in the absence of suitable malaria infections in man he shifted to bird proteosoma (now P. relictum) with a grey mosquito (culex) as vector. He demonstrated the complete life-cycle ending in the salivary glands of the mosquitoes and succeeded in transmitting this infection by mosquito-bites in healthy birds. This climax in his research was crowned by the attribution in 1902 of the Nobel Prize for Medicine. In the mean time he resigned from the IMS and was appointed as "Lecturer on Tropical Diseases" at the Liverpool School. He reoriented his activities to the prevention of malaria by control of the vector in its aquatic larval stage, which he tried out and promoted during his journeys to the West African Coast and other countries. His current were variegated but without salient details. Through the survey of the parasite index and the assessment of the spleen rate in children he founded the malariometry as a epidemiological tool, focussed attention on the relation of malaria and the community and on the complexity of the transmission dynamics. By handing in his resignation at the Liverpool School and moving to London he hampered further his scientific productivity. The tardy foundation of the Ross Institute did not stimulate a new impetus. He suffered a stroke which left him partially crippled an he died in his Institute.
 ...
PMID:[Ronald Ross: a century of the transfer of malaria by mosquitoes]. 998 33

The Philippines is an archipelago of about 7000 islands, with an area about the size of England, situated just above the equator in Southeast Asia. It has a population of 70 million. The Philippines has had extensive commercial and social contact with Asian neighbors, specifically the Chinese, even before the 377 years of Spanish colonization from 1521 to 1898 and the 48 years of American rule from 1898 to 1946. More than 80% of Filipinos are Catholics; the rest are Muslims and Protestants of various denominations, including those who belong to Filipino church groups. Infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, amoebiasis, typhoid fever, and malaria are still prevalent, and arteriosclerosis, cancer, and stroke are common and on the rise.
 ...
PMID:Surgery in the Philippines. 1008 78

Several neurological complications are associated with complicated and severe falciparum malaria. Cerebral malaria is one of the most dreaded complication. The children are particularly more vulnerable to have this complication. Despite availability of several potent antimalarial drugs in recent past, the mortality status has not changed. A large number of survivors are left with disabling neurological sequelae. Few patients may experience post-malaria neurological syndrome after recovery from complicated falciparum infection. Various psychiatric syndromes have been described either as early manifestation of cerebral malaria or part of post malaria neurological syndrome. From Indian subcontinent several patients of delayed cerebellar ataxia have also been described following recovery from clinical malaria. In paediatric patients, convulsions of cerebral malaria need to be differentiated from febrile convulsions. Falciparum malaria is also associated specifically with convulsions in uncomplicated patients of malaria. Several isolated case reports of various other neurological syndromes like peripheral neuropathies, various movement disorders, myelopathies and stroke like syndrome have been described. However association of these neurological manifestations with malaria remains doubtful.
 ...
PMID:Neurological manifestations of malaria : an update. 1040 29

Malaria is a parasitic disease with high prevalence in several regions of the world. Infestation by Plasmodium faciparum can, in some cases, affect the central nervous system producing encephalitis resulting in death or neurological sequelae. The mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of the cerebral lesion are not totally clear and there are currently two theories (mechanical and humoral) concerning this. We report a case of malaria with an atypical evolution, with a stroke lesion in the territory of the middle cerebral artery, with no association with encephalitis. We conclude that the mechanical theory is the one applicable to this patient.
 ...
PMID:Malaria and stroke. Case report. 1068 97

A 67-year-old man was referred to us for tonic-clonic convulsions. A review of his history revealed that he had been hospitalized for loss of consciousness, hypotension, and suspected apoplexy at age 67. He had experienced prior tonic-clonic convulsions at age 72 and age 74. He had malaria and tuberculosis in his history but had been otherwise generally well. Physical examination was normal, and his blood pressure was 100/80 mmHg. Laboratory findings were normal except alcalinephosphatase (292 U/l) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase(60 U/l). Neurological examination showed alert consciousness, mild upper gaze palsy, slight right-side hemiparesis and left Babinski signs was present. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed no abnormality, but cerebral angiography revealed bilateral carotid artery occlusion. There were abundant leptomeningeal anastomoses, and the posterior communicating artery was supplied by the left vertebral artery. Electroencephalography showed a spike wave in the temporal lobe and rebuild-up phenomenon in the right hemisphere. Brain atrophy in the anterior and temporal lobes progressed, and the patient experienced gradual disorientation, delirium and hypobulia. He was eventually bedridden. He also demonstrated repetitive tonic-clonic convulsions. After one convulsion, he remained unconscious and died of pneumonia. Autopsy revealed thickening of the intima and internal elastic lamina in the occluded internal carotid artery. The anterior and middle cerebral arteries showed the same pathological changes. Multiple small infarctions restricted to grey matter were present in the cerebral cortex and may have caused the progressive brain atrophy. There was no myelin pallor in the white matter of the cerebrum. Atherosclerotic changes, senile plaque, and neurofibrillary tangles were seen but were within normal limits. These pathological findings were strongly suggestive of moyamoya disease.
 ...
PMID:[An autopsy case of bilateral carotid artery occlusion with repetitive epilepsy and brain atrophy in a senile patient]. 1068 97

Sickle cell disease is caused by a variant of the beta-globin gene called sickle hemoglobin (Hb S). Inherited autosomal recessively, either two copies of Hb S or one copy of Hb S plus another beta-globin variant (such as Hb C) are required for disease expression. Hb S carriers are protected from malaria infection, and this protection probably led to the high frequency of Hb S in individuals of African and Mediterranean ancestry. Despite this advantage, individuals with sickle cell disease exhibit significant morbidity and mortality. Symptoms include chronic anemia, acute chest syndrome, stroke, splenic and renal dysfunction, pain crises, and susceptibility to bacterial infections. Pediatric mortality is primarily due to bacterial infection and stroke. In adults, specific causes of mortality are more varied, but individuals with more symptomatic disease may exhibit early mortality. Disease expression is variable and is modified by several factors, the most influential being genotype. Other factors include beta-globin cluster haplotypes, alpha-globin gene number, and fetal hemoglobin expression. In recent years, newborn screening, better medical care, parent education, and penicillin prophylaxis have successfully reduced morbidity and mortality due to Hb S.
 ...
PMID:Sickle hemoglobin (HbS) allele and sickle cell disease: a HuGE review. 1079 57

Therapeutic erythrocytapheresis (TEA) has been used in different diseases such as polycythemia vera (PV), secondary erythrocytosis or hemochromatosis as a process of the less cumbersome but more expensive phlebotomy. TEA is preferred in emergency conditions such as thrombocytosis or in conditions such as porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) or erythropoietic porphyria when plasma exchange (PEX) is often combined with TEA to reduce extracellular levels of uroporphyrin which contribute to plasma hyperviscosity. TEA is often combined with drug therapy that varies from etoposide in PV to EPO and desferoxamine which are used to mobilize and reduce iron stores in hemochromatosis. Benefits from this combination may be more long lasting than expected. Nonetheless for TEA, there is no standard protocol and, clinical experience with this therapy remains highly anecdotal. Therapeutic red cell-exchange (TREX) has been used with much interest over the years, starting with the management of hemolytic disease of the newborn and later used to correct severe anemia in thalassemia patients thereby preventing iron overload. It has also been used for the management of complications of sickle cell disease such as priapism, chest syndrome, stroke, retinal, bone, splenic and hepatic infarction or in preparation for surgery by reducing HbS to less than 30%. Automated apheresis has also favored the use of TREX in conditions such as paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and aniline poisoning, arsenic poisoning, Na chlorate intoxications and CO intoxications, hemoglobinopathies, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, reactions due to ABO incompatibility, in preparation for ABO incompatible bone marrow transplantation or for preventing anti-D immunization after the transfusion of D(+) cells to D(-) recipients. Another field of application has been in the emergency management of intraerythrocytic parasite infections such as malaria and babesiosis. Application of TREX may be wide but its real use remains limited. In our personal experience, in 16 years, only 167 TREX procedures have been carried out in a total of 13,747 therapeutic procedures. This represents only 1.21% of the total.
 ...
PMID:Clinical application of therapeutic erythrocytapheresis (TEA). 1083 21


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>