Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Immunization of mice with irradiated malaria sporozoites induces protection that is dependent on CD8+ T cells, and adoptive transfer of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones against rodent malaria circumsporozoite (CS) protein and sporozoite surface protein 2 completely protects against sporozoite challenge. Thus, there are now efforts to develop vaccines that induce CTL against the CS protein and sporozoite surface protein 2. Until recently, it was thought that induction of CTL required production of target proteins within cells, breakdown of the proteins to peptides in the cytoplasm, and transport of the peptides to the cell surface in combination with class I major histocompatibility complex molecules. It has now been shown that immunization with peptides in Freund's complete adjuvant and with soluble protein in liposomes can induce CTL. To determine whether we could induce CTL against the Plasmodium falciparum CS protein by immunization with soluble protein, B10.BR mice were immunized intravenously, intraperitoneally, or intramuscularly with a recombinant P. falciparum CS protein called RLF mixed with the adjuvant DETOX (monophosphoryl lipid A, cell wall skeleton of Mycobacteria phlei, and squalane). Two weeks after the last dose, spleen cells from mice immunized intravenously, but not intraperitoneally or intramuscularly, had peptide-specific, major histocompatibility complex-restricted, CD8+ T-cell-dependent cytolytic activity against peptide 368-390 from the 7G8 P. falciparum CS protein. To determine whether the adjuvant was required for induction of the cytolytic activity, mice were immunized with RLF without adjuvant, and similar cytolytic activity was demonstrated. The finding that we could induce CTL by administration of soluble protein without adjuvant markedly broadens the possibilities for vaccinologists working to develop methods of inducing CTL in humans.
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PMID:Induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes against the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein by immunization with soluble recombinant protein without adjuvant. 822 83

Plant species of the Poaceae family are not only used as fodder and forage but also contribute substantially to the treatment of various health disorders, particularly in livestock. Consequently, the present study was aimed to document the therapeutic uses of Poaceae practiced by the inhabitants of the Punjab Province for the treatment of various veterinary health disorders. Semi structured interviews, group discussion and field walks were conducted to collect the data. Quantitative indices including cultural significance index (CSI), relative frequency of citations (RFC), fidelity level (FL), relative popularity level (RPL), and Jaccard Index (JI) were used for the data analysis. Traditional uses of 149 species belonging to 60 genera and 16 tribes of 5 sub families of Poaceae were recorded. Whole plants and leaves were the most consistently used parts with 40.94 and 29.53%. The plants were mainly given orally as fodder (59 reports) without processing followed by decoction (35 reports). Most of the species were employed to treat infectious diseases (25.93%), and digestive disorders (14.10%). Triticum aestivum had the highest CSI, RFC and RPL levels at 8.00, 0.96, 1.00, respectively, followed by Oryza sativa and Poa annua. Likewise, T. aestivum and Saccharum spontaneum had 100% FL and ROP. Jaccard index ranged from 12.25 to 0.37. Twelve plant species namely Chrysopogon zizanioides (anti-inflammatory), Pennisetum lanatum (improve bull fertility), Cymbopogon citratus (glandular secretion), Sorghum saccharatum and Themeda triandra (malaria), Aristida funiculate (anticancer), Koeleria argentia (skin allergies), Tetrapogon villosus (antibacterial), Cynodon radiatus (eyes infection), Sporobolus nervosa (Jaundice), Enneapogon persicus (antifungal), and Panicum repens (dysfunctional cattle organs) were reported for the first time, with novel ethnoveterinary uses. The inhabitants of the study area had a strong association with their surrounding plant diversity and possessed significant knowledge on therapeutic uses of Poaceae to treat various health disorders in animals. Plant species with maximum cultural and medicinal values could be a potential source of novel drugs to cure health disorders in animals and human as well.
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PMID:Ethno-veterinary uses of Poaceae in Punjab, Pakistan. 3314 15