Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the past decade, there has been remarkable progress in understanding of the roles of Cl(-) channels in the development of human diseases. Genetic studies in humans have identified mutations in the genes encoding Cl(-) channels which lead to a loss of Cl(-) channel activity. These mutations are responsible for the development of a variety of deleterious diseases in muscle, kidney, bone and brain including myotonia congenita, dystrophia myotonica, cystic fibrosis, osteopetrosis and epilepsy. Recent studies indicate that some diseases may develop as a result of Cl(-) channel activation. There is growing evidence that the progression of glioma in the brain and the growth of the malaria parasite in red blood cells may be mediated through Cl(-) channel activation. These findings suggest that Cl(-) channels may be novel targets for the pharmacological treatment of a broad spectrum of diseases. This review discusses the proposed roles of abnormal Cl(-) channel activity in the pathogenesis of human diseases.
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PMID:Emerging roles of chloride channels in human diseases. 1645 93

Previous studies suggested Plasmodium sporozoites infect hepatocytes after passing through Kupffer cells, but proof has been elusive. Here we present new information strengthening that hypothesis. We used homozygous op/op mice known to have few Kupffer cells because they lack macrophage colony stimulating factor 1 required for macrophage maturation due to a deactivating point mutation in the osteopetrosis gene. We found these mice to have 77% fewer Kupffer cells and to exhibit reduced clearance of colloidal carbon particles compared with heterozygous phenotypically normal littermates. Using a novel quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay for P. yoelii 18S rRNA, we found liver infection of op/op mice to be decreased by 84% compared with controls. However, using another way of limiting Kupffer cells, treatment with liposome-encapsulated clodronate, infection of normal mice was enhanced seven- to 15-fold. This was explained by electron microscopy showing temporary gaps in the sinusoidal cell layer caused by this treatment. Thus, Kupffer cell deficiency in op/op mice decreases sporozoite infection by reducing the number of portals to the liver parenchyma, whereas clodronate increases sporozoite infection by opening portals and providing direct access to hepatocytes. Together these data provide strong support for the hypothesis that Kupffer cells are the portal for sporozoites to hepatocytes and critical for the onset of a malaria infection.
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PMID:Kupffer cells are obligatory for Plasmodium yoelii sporozoite infection of the liver. 1695 3

Osteomyelitis of the jaws was relatively common before the era of antibiotic therapy and preventive and restorative dentistry. Osteomyelitis is an acute or chronic inflammatory process that can involve cortical and trabecular aspects of bone or bone marrow. Cranial bones are infrequently involved, but spreading of inflammation with involvement of surrounding structures represents important risk, such as cerebral abscess, encephalitis, or meningitis. The mandible is more commonly involved than the maxilla. Dentogenic infections cause 38% of mandibular and 25% of maxillary involvement. Involvement of zygoma is very rare. Factors like viral fevers, malnutrition, malaria, anemia,tobacco chewing, immunodeficiency, osteopetrosis, Paget's disease of bone, and florid cemento-osseous dysplasia (FCOD) result in decreased vascularity of the affected bone, predisposing to the development of osteomyelitis. We present a case of osteomyelitis of left maxilla and zygoma with oroantral fistula in an immunocompetent adult male caused by dentogenic infection. The complete resolution of infection was gained with surgical treatment using nasal endoscope and antibiotic therapy. The aims of this paper are to illustrate diagnostic patterns, to report radiographic findings and surgical treatment using nasal endoscope in a case of osteomyelitis of maxilla and zygoma. The prognosis and cosmetic results are discussed.
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PMID:Role of nasal endoscopy in chronic osteomyelitis of maxilla and zygoma: a case report. 2211 May 19

The prime roles of mutations in the genes, encoding chloride ion channels, in various human diseases of muscle, kidney, bone and brain, such as congenital myotonia, myotonic dystrophy, cystic fibrosis, osteopetrosis, epilepsy, glioma, etc., have been well established. Chloride ion channels are also responsible for glioma progression in brain and malaria parasite in red blood cells. The present article thus emphasises on the various diseases associated with chloride channel regulation and their modulators. Studies on various chloride channels and their modulators have been discussed in detail.
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PMID:Studies on Chloride Channels and their Modulators. 2666 16