Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The interaction between aflatoxin and malaria was tested for its usefulness as a model for hepatic tumor induction in rats. Male Buffalo rats which received aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) followed by Plasmodium berghei infection developed more preneoplastic lesions in the liver compared to those given AFB1 alone. No preneoplastic lesions were found in the liver of control and malarial-treated animals. These findings suggest that the malarial parasite facilitates liver tumor development initiated by AFB1 in rats.
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PMID:Enhancing effects of rodent malaria on aflatoxin B1-induced hepatic neoplasia. 309 31

Cultured Plasmodium falciparum was retarded in intraerythrocytic development by serum from malaria-immune adults, by human TB serum, and by rabbit tumor necrosis serum. Neither the potency nor efficacy of any of these sera was altered by a variety of antioxidants or oxygen-free radial scavengers, including ascorbate, alpha-tocopherol, BHT, cystine or cysteine, glutathione, histidine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine, superoxide dismutase, catalase (or combination of the two enzymes), or by reducing the ambient O2 tension to 1%. It is thus unlikely that the antiparasitic activity of these inhibitory sera can be attributed to oxidative mechanisms.
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PMID:Antioxidants do not prevent the in vitro induction of Plasmodium falciparum crisis forms by human malaria-immune, TB or rabbit TNF serum. 352 84

The effects of methyl isocyanate (MIC) on systemic immunity were evaluated in female B6C3F1 mice exposed via inhalation to 0, 1, or 3 ppm for 6 hr per day on four consecutive days. Humoral immunity, measured as the antibody response to sheep erythrocytes, and natural killer cell activity were not affected by MIC. Furthermore, resistance to the infectious agents Listeria monocytogenes, mouse malaria parasite, and influenza virus, or to B16F10 transplantable tumor cells, was not compromised by MIC exposure. Although lymphoproliferative responses to mitogens were not significantly suppressed, the response of splenic lymphocytes to allogeneic leukocytes in a mixed leukocyte response (MLR) was suppressed in a dose-related fashion and differed significantly from the control response at the 3-ppm level. These studies indicate that MIC exposure in mice does not severely alter systemic immunity. The moderate changes detected in immune function may be a secondary consequence of respiratory toxicity which occurred in these animals.
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PMID:Immunotoxicity studies in mice exposed to methyl isocyanate. 353 29

In this paper, an attempt has been made to document accurately the pattern of lymphoreticular disease in Kenya. 1918 abnormal lymph node biopsies, seen over four years, were reviewed and classified according to their pathology: 853 tuberculymphomas. The pathological features, plus age, sex and tribal distribution of each group are discussed in detail. Where there is deviation from the known or established patterns, and where feasible an explanation has been offered. A possible immunological defect is preponderance of the bad prognostic histological types of Hodgkin's disease. The role of malaria in primary lymphoreticular neoplasia has been considered.
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PMID:Lymphoreticular disease in Kenya. Pathological pattern of the superficial lymphadenopathies. 461 10

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), although not an indispensable factor for the development of Burkitt lymphoma, is apparently associated with the 20-fold higher incidence of the disease in Equatorial Africa compared to the incidence in other parts of the world. To determine whether different EBV subtypes are associated with the appearance of the malignant phenotype, we have compared the EBV genomes carried in the Burkitt tumor cells with those carried in the nonmalignant lymphoblastoid cells from the same individuals. From three patients with EBV -associated Burkitt lymphoma, tumor cell lines as well as spontaneously established lymphoblastoid cell lines representing the nonmalignant counterparts were obtained. The viral DNA in these cell lines was analyzed by Southern blot hybridization, using a set of cloned EBV DNA fragments as probes that recognize polymorphic regions in the viral genome. Using a number of different polymorphic markers to distinguish one isolate from another, the virus genome found in the tumor cells could also be identified in the nonmalignant cells of the same patient. In one case, in which two independent lymphoblastoid cell lines were established, evidence was obtained that this patient was infected by at least two distinct EBV subtypes. These results strongly suggest that in Burkitt lymphoma, the risk associated with EBV is related to cofactors such as chronic malaria and the mode of infection rather than to peculiar viral subtypes. The situation seems to be totally different from papillomavirus-associated diseases, in which the risk of progression to malignancy appears to be associated with particular viral strains.
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PMID:No evidence for differences in the Epstein-Barr virus genome carried in Burkitt lymphoma cells and nonmalignant lymphoblastoid cells from the same patients. 608 53

Clinical and epidemiologic features of Burkitt's lymphoma are reviewed. Epidemiologic studies suggest that simultaneous infection with Epstein-Barr (E-B) virus and malaria may be involved as etiologic agents. On the other hand we have found that in the Amazon region of Brazil and Peru both malaria and E-B virus infection is common among children, yet Burkitt's lymphoma is rare. The possibility exists that other concomitant etiologic agents and genetic factors are also involved. Several investigators suggested the possible involvement of Reo 3 virus. We have found antibodies against Yaba virus. A laboratory worker who accidentally inoculated himself with Yaba virus developed a histiocytoma which when inoculated into Asiatic monkeys produced typical Yaba tumors. This was the first case that Koch's postulates were fulfilled in a virus induced neoplasm in man. Therapeutically, the best clinical results were obtained in those patients who were treated with small doses of cyclophosphamide. On the basis of somewhat inadequate follow-up studies, it is estimated that "five year cures" were obtained in about 10% of the patients.
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PMID:Burkitt's lymphoma. 627 88

In Burkitt's lymphoma, dental structures may provide the route for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in saliva to penetrate the jaws, thereby promoting tumor formation. In children, EBV could enter tooth sockets exposed following deciduous tooth loss and thereby contact jaw marrow lymphocytes stimulating neoplastic transformation. Marrow contact by EBV probably also occurs through carious teeth. Jaw tumors are rare in adults because their jaw marrow is no longer hematopoietic and so lacks the lymphoid substrate for the virus. In adults, jaw marrow lymphocytosis, as accompanies infectious mononucleosis and perhaps malaria, or which could develop around the roots of carious teeth having chronic periapical infection, could provide the substrate for EBV. EBV could then contact the jaw marrow lymphocytes when teeth are extracted and so favor jaw tumor development. Therefore, prevention of dental caries might reduce jaw tumor prevalence in Burkitt's lymphoma except among children ages 6-13 whose jaw marrow would unavoidably become infected by salivary EBV when the latter is present at the time of deciduous tooth loss.
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PMID:Circumstances favoring jaw tumors in Burkitt's lymphoma. 632 20

Quartan malaria developed following splenectomy 36 years after infection in a 63-year-old hypertensive man. The patient underwent nephrectomy because of left renal calculus, increasing proteinuria and hypertension. Splenectomy was done additionally because metastasis of renal tumor to the spleen was suspected at the operation. Attention is drawn to the long silent infection with Plasmodium malariae and to the importance of the spleen in malaria.
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PMID:Quartan malaria following splenectomy 36 years after infection. 703 67

The use of liposomes has recently been the subject of considerable attention as a promising and versatile approach to drug delivery. Particularly intriguing is the possibility of targeting liposomes to specific areas of the body such as tumors or sites of inflammation or parasitic invasion for either local accumulation or release of associated drugs. This review focuses mainly on recent in vivo work having clinical potential. An extensive discussion of liposome preparation and entrapment of drugs for controlled release in vivo is also included. The stability of liposomes in biological fluids is a major problem. The mode of administration, either intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, local, oral, or respiratory, is closely related to the life of the liposomes in vivo. Following in vivo administration the lifetime of a liposome is critically dependent on its composition, size, and charge. Liposome toxicity appears to be minimal, but should be considered when administering liposomes to patients. Tissues such as the liver, spleen, and lungs, because of macrophage ingestion of liposomes, become potential sites of drug toxicity. The use of liposomes to deliver antiparasitic drugs in the treatment of malaria and leishmaniasis is promoting; so it is the use of surfactant-carrying liposomes in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in premature babies. Recent cancer studies utilizing liposomes both in vivo and in vitro have shown promise. In tumor-bearing animals a liposome drug delivery system has caused a regression, delayed tumor growth, and increased survival time. Although the clinical use of liposomes is only in its infancy, its potential in future therapy appears promising.
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PMID:Clinical prospects for liposomes. 704 23

Radix bupleuri, the root of Bupleuri spp., Chinese medicinal herbs used for the treatment of influenza, malaria and menstrual disorders, were extracted with hot water and separated into five different fractions (RB, RBI, RBII, RBIII and RBIV) by stepwise alcohol precipitation. One of these fractions, RBI, was then fractionated into RBIa and RBIb by gel filtration using G-100 Sephadex. These two fractions were further purified into RBIai, RBIaii and RBIbi, RBIbii fractions respectively by ion-exchange chromatography using DEAE-Sephadex. Each of these fractions is a heteropolymer consisting mainly of carbohydrate and varying proportions of protein and uronic acid. RBIaii was found to show strong anti-tumor activities in sarcoma-bearing mice. Mechanistic studies showed that RBIaii exhibited a potent activating effect on the cytotoxic activity of macrophages, NK and LAK cells against tumor cells. In addition, RBIaii could increase the number of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the tumor site of WEHI-164-bearing mice. Furthermore, RBIaii could induce the release of interferon-gamma by lymphocytes in vitro.
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PMID:Activation of the anti-tumor effector cells by Radix bupleuri. 759 16


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