Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two widely different agents implicated in the etiology of neoplasias of the B cell lineage, pristane and malaria, have both been found to produce a prolonged increase in the level of proliferative activity and cell production by early B lymphocyte precursor cells in mouse bone marrow. This apparently leads to an elevated level of cell loss, suggesting the production of many aberrant early cells. The mechanism and significance of this effect remain to be determined. However, the present findings focus attention on the early stages of B cell genesis in the bone marrow as possible target cells for the initiation of genetic events leading to neoplasia. Together with previous work, the results suggest that pathologically elevated levels of macrophage activation may play a role in predisposing to various B cell neoplasias.
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PMID:Proliferation of B cell precursors in bone marrow of pristane-conditioned and malaria-infected mice: implications for B cell oncogenesis. 207 93

Cross-resistance to unrelated drugs has been previously observed in multidrug-resistant carcinoma cells and the goal of this work was to determine whether a similar mechanism existed in Entamoeba histolytica. An emetine and a colchicine-resistant clone, C2(90) (IC50 = 62 microM, and 1.5 mM, respectively), and the parental clone, A (IC50 = 5 microM and 1 mM, respectively), were analyzed for resistance to other drugs and for the effect of verapamil. Both clones, C2(90) and A, exhibited similar resistance to both daunomycin (IC50 = 50 microM) and actinomycin D (IC50 = 13 nM). In the presence of verapamil, the IC50 for emetine was reduced to 0.5 microM, while the IC50 for colchicine was reduced to 0.3 mM. These results demonstrate that verapamil reverses both emetine and colchicine resistance in the mutant C2(90). In uptake experiments with [3H]emetine, drug accumulation was lower in resistant trophozoites. However, in the presence of verapamil, drug accumulation was increased in clone C2(90) to a level close to that of the parental strain, clone A. These results are consistent with observations made using malaria and multidrug-resistant tumor cells and suggest that a P-glycoprotein-like molecule may play a role in drug resistance in E. histolytica.
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PMID:Entamoeba histolytica: physiology of multidrug resistance. 237 87

One hundred and eighteen patients with chronic leukaemias were seen at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, between 1964 and 1982. There were 75 patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) and 43 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Although most of them presented with the familiar features of chronic leukaemias, a few features were remarkably different from those reported in some of the Caucasian series. CLL is less common than CGL in contrast to their relative incidence in Caucasians. Our patients generally presented with more massive splenomegaly and more severe anaemia, which could be attributed to late presentation, endemic malaria and possibly increased hypersplenism. The peak-age incidence in our patients with CGL was found in a younger age group (20-40 yr) than in the Caucasian series. When compared with a Caucasian series, our CGL patients on presentation had a significantly higher proportion of immature cells (blasts and promyelocytes) (P less than 0.05), probably reflecting their more delayed presentation. Follow up was generally poor as a result of a high default rate. Survival duration of both leukaemias was generally lower than in Caucasian series and for CGL patients there was a significant negative correlation between survival and spleen size at presentation, while for CLL patients there was a significant association between poor survival duration and high white cell count at presentation.
Med Oncol Tumor Pharmacother 1989
PMID:Chronic leukaemia: an African experience. 261 22

We concluded a study on 208 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 401 controls in the North-East of Italy in order to investigate the role of indicators of socio-economic status, personal habits, past history of various disorders and medical treatments potentially affecting the immune system, and occupational exposures in the aetiology of such neoplasia. None of the several investigated characteristics appeared to be a strong determinant, i.e. relative risk, RR greater than 2.0, of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Cases and controls appeared to be very similar as regards education, main life-time occupation and alcohol consumption. Positive associations, however, emerged with chronic infectious diseases, mainly tuberculosis and malaria (RR = 1.8, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.1-2.9). Non significantly increased risks were also found for smoking habit (RR ever vs never smokers = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.0-2.3), episodes of herpes zoster infection (RR = 1.4; 95% CI: 0.7-2.6) and occupation in chemical and petrochemical industries (RR = 1.6; 95% CI: 0.9-3.1, and 1.8; 95% CI: 0.9-3.8, respectively). Conversely, farming as well as specific exposure to herbicides and pesticides did not seem to affect the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the present investigation.
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PMID:The epidemiology of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the north-east of Italy: a hospital-based case-control study. 277 Mar 31

Burkitt's lymphoma is characterized by particular epidemiological features. It is a frequent childhood tumor in children in tropical Africa and occurs at a much lesser frequency all over the world. Chromosomal translocation affecting the long arm of chromosome 8 (band 8q24) and one of the chromosomes carrying the immunoglobulin loci (chromosomes 2, 14 or 22) are regularly observed in Burkitt's lymphoma, regardless of whether the tumor occurred in high or low incidence areas. The prevalence of Burkitt's lymphoma in Africa appears to be related to two factors: holo- or hyperendemic malaria and presence of Epstein-Barr virus genomes in the tumor cells. We present a model of pathogenesis, in which stimulation of B cells by malaria is the primary event in the development of the disease. The risk of the chromosomal translocation should be increased by increasing the number of new B cells generated per time. According to our model, the translocation leads to constitutive c-myc activation and makes the cells responsive to growth factors without inducing proliferation on its own. Infection of a translocation-carrying cell with EBV may provide an additional growth advantage and drive the cell further towards a fully malignant state.
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PMID:[Chromosome translocations and Epstein-Barr virus in Burkitt's lymphoma]. 282 99

The recognition of Burkitt lymphoma (BL) as a clinical syndrome and a pathological entity in African children resulted from astute clinical observations (bedside epidemiology), the availability of cancer registry data and accurate pathological interpretation. Following the early studies in Africa, it soon became evident that this tumor occurred worldwide and the excess of cases in Africa was an incidence phenomenon associated with specific environmental factors. The sentinel discovery of the Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and its association with BL stimulated a wide variety of scientific investigations which have had an impact of virtually every discipline and biology. Epidemiological observations linked to modern laboratory techniques have provided etiological insights which implicate specific environmental factors and genetic events in the pathogenesis of BL and other immunoproliferative diseases. Early infection with EBV and holoendemic malaria are clearly of paramount importance in the development of endemic BL (eBL). These factors do not play a role in the majority of sporadic BL (sBL) cases, but immunosuppression and T-cell deregulation almost certainly are common denominators. The final or principle genetic event in both instances would appear to be the chromosome 8 translocation involving the c-myc oncogene and structural alteration. It is expected that the BL model will continue to be a useful one for identifying basic mechanisms in carcinogenesis which may be applicable as well to a variety of non-neoplastic diseases.
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PMID:Malignant lymphoma in African children: three decades of discovery. 285 87

In a study of serum levels of endogenous tumour necrosis factor (TNF) in healthy people and patients with neoplastic or infectious disease, only patients with kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis) and malaria were found to have a strikingly increased frequency of raised TNF levels (66.6% and 70.0%, respectively). 7.9% of samples from both healthy subjects and patients with neoplastic disease contained measurable TNF. The discovery of elevated TNF levels in the sera of patients with parasitic diseases suggests that this cytokine may play a part in host defences against parasitic infections.
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PMID:Raised serum levels of tumour necrosis factor in parasitic infections. 287 27

The immunotoxicity of methyl isocyanate (MIC) was evaluated in female B6C3F1 mice exposed via inhalation to 0, 1, or 3 ppm for 6 hr per day on 4 consecutive days. The antibody response to sheep erythrocytes and natural killer cell activity were found to be unaffected by MIC exposure. Although lymphoproliferative responses to mitogens were moderately suppressed by MIC, the differences were not statistically significant. The response of splenic lymphocytes to allogeneic leukocytes in a mixed leukocyte response (MLR) was suppressed in a dose-related fashion and was significantly different from the control response at the 3 ppm level. This effect was thought to be secondary and a result of general toxicity, rather than a direct effect of MIC on the immune system. Furthermore, resistance to the infectious agents Listeria monocytogenes, mouse malaria parasite, and influenza virus, or to transplantable tumor cells was not compromised by MIC exposure. Thus, the immune system does not appear to be a primary target for MIC toxicity.
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PMID:Immunological studies on mice exposed subacutely to methyl isocyanate. 295 95

In a Nigerian town with a stable population of 20,000, a door-to-door survey was conducted, using a questionnaire involving a complete census and a simple neurological evaluation which had previously showed a 95% sensitivity and an 80% specificity for detecting neurological disease. Positive responders were evaluated and categorised, using agreed criteria for diagnoses. Nearly 100% cooperation was obtained. Life prevalence ratio for at least one episode of headache was 51/1000. Crude point prevalence ratio for migrainous headache was 5.3/100, and peak age-specific ratio was in the first decade. Prevalence ratio for epilepsy was 533/100,000 and peak age-specific prevalence ratio occurred in the 5-14 years age groups. The prevalence ratio for peripheral nerve disorders was 268/100,000, and age-specific prevalence ratio for tropical neuropathy increased with age. Prevalence ratio for stroke was rather low at 58/100,000, but was probably due to the people's attitude to the disabled elderly and high mortality of stroke which showed annual mortality rate of 70/100,000 which increased with age to 1519/100,000 per year in the eighth decade. Crude prevalence ratios (cases per 100,000) for others are 112 for neurological complications (including sciatica) of spondylosis, 15 each for poliomyelitis, motor neurone disease, development speech disorders, 10 each for syncope, hereditary neuropathies. Parkinson's disease, benign essential tremor, primary cerebellar degeneration, cerebral palsy, mental retardation, organic psychosis (probable intracranial tumor) and 5 each for muscular dystrophy, pyomyositis, spina bifida occulta, alcohol dependence and cerebral malaria. The implications of the findings are important for development of community neurological services in the developing countries.
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PMID:Neurological disorders in Nigerian Africans: a community-based study. 303 73

Burkitt's lymphoma, characterized by jaw and abdominal tumors, is the most common early childhood malignancy in Central Africa and well-known in the United States, with only sporadic reports coming from other countries. Considered to be the fastest growing tumor in man, it is thought to be of viral etiology with warm, humid climate and malaria regarded as co-factors. This is the first case of Burkitt's lymphoma reported from Greece.
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PMID:Non-endemic Burkitt's lymphoma. 308 11


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