Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Small fragments of micro-organisms which elicit protective immune responses have now been identified for several disease-causing agents. This major advance has made it possible to envisage the chemical synthesis of vaccines which could replace those in current use and may also furnish products which cannot be made by traditional methods. In my lecture I will illustrate the principles involved by describing the advances made with synthetic vaccines for foot-and-mouth disease, hepatitis B and malaria.
 ...
PMID:The Leeuwenhoek Lecture, 1993. Peptide vaccines: dream or reality? 752 66

The ompA genes of Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae have been used to construct a group of enterobacterial surface expression vectors for foreign genes. Linker oligonucleotides were inserted into the sequence corresponding to the third or fourth outer domain to allow in-frame sandwich fusion of foreign genes or epitopes into ompA. Influenza haemagglutinin was inserted without its leader peptide and anchor sequences and shown to be transferred as an ompA fusion protein to the bacterial surface in large amounts. The stability of this system depends on the stem structure (i.e. the bottom part) of the haemagglutinin unit which apparently initiates the folding process that extends into the ompA segment. This fusion construct can be used as a vector system and has been used to transfer to the bacterial surface several other proteins inserted into it, including beta-galactosidase, foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and malaria antigens. All are exported from the cytoplasm across both the inner and outer membranes to become exposed on the bacterial surface. Very hydrophobic segments or inserts with distinct secondary structures, such as the capsid protein, VP1 of FMDV, will, however, block this process.
 ...
PMID:OmpA fusion proteins for presentation of foreign antigens on the bacterial outer membrane. 779 62

The Proceedings here reviewed are those of the meeting held in Geneva in October, 1983, which led to the establishment of the World Health Organization's Program for the Accelerated Development of New Vaccines. These papers reflect the state of the art in the development of vaccines for cholera, leprosy, pertussis, salmonella, shigella, dengue, foot-and-mouth disease, hepatitis B, herpes simplex, influenza, poliomyelitis, Chagas' disease, malaria, and schistosomiasis. The identification and isolation of epitopes and other antigenic fragments is presented, as well as considerations of mucosal immunity, antigenic determinants and antigenic variations, antigen presentation and T-cell activation, the use of anti-idiotypes as antigens, the development of recombinant viruses for use in vaccines, and the use of circumsporozoite antigens in the preparation of a malaria vaccine.
 ...
PMID:New approaches to vaccine development. Proceedings of a meeting organized by the World Health Organization. Book review. 1222 27

This review considers the stages of the development of synthetic peptide vaccines against infectious agents, novel approaches and technologies employed in this process, including bioinformatics, genomics, proteomics, large-scale peptide synthesis, high-throughput screening methods, the use of transgenic animals for modelling human infections. An important role for the development and selection of efficient adjuvants for peptide immunogens is noted. Examples of synthetic peptide vaccine developments against three infectious diseases (malaria, hepatitis C, and foot-and-mouth disease) are given.
 ...
PMID:[Synthetic peptide vaccines]. 2151 76

Analysis of gene function in Plasmodium falciparum, the most important human malaria parasite, is restricted by the lack of robust and simple reverse genetic tools. Approaches to manipulate protein levels post-translationally are powerful tools to study protein-off effects especially in the haploid malaria parasite where genetic knockouts of essential genes are lethal. We investigated if the auxin-inducible degron system is functional in P. falciparum and found that degron-tagged yellow fluorescent protein levels were efficiently reduced upon addition of auxin which otherwise had no effect on parasite viability. The genetic components required in this conditional approach were co-expressed in P. falciparum by applying the small peptide 2A. 2A is a self-processing peptide from Foot-And-Mouth Disease virus that allows the whole conditional system to be accommodated on a single plasmid vector and ensures stoichiometric expression levels.
...
PMID:2A and the auxin-based degron system facilitate control of protein levels in Plasmodium falciparum. 2423 31