Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During the period April 1985 to November 1986 (18 months), 196 children (of age greater than 1 month) admitted to the Children's Emergency Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan, with clinical suspicion of meningitis/meningoencephalitis were followed up prospectively. Bacterial meningitis was diagnosed by culture, direct microscopy and/or antigen-detecting assays (co-agglutination and enzyme immunoassay) in 44 infants (25 Haemophilus influenzae type b, 8 Neisseria meningitidis, 7 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 3 enterobacteria and one mixed infection), aseptic meningitis in 52, cerebral malaria in 4 and febrile convulsions in 96. The majority of cases of bacterial meningitis were boys and 57% of those in whom H. influenzae was the commonest isolate were less than 1 year old. The presenting signs and symptoms are described as well as the transient and permanent short-term sequelae. The total mortality from bacterial meningitis was 19%, permanent neurological sequelae were seen in 26% of survivors. Prospective follow-up, including audiometry, of 35 children 1-2 months after discharge showed that 11% had hemiplegia and 20% had hearing impairment. The potential impact of vaccination against invasive H. influenzae infections is discussed.
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PMID:Endemic bacterial meningitis in Sudanese children: aetiology, clinical findings, treatment and short-term outcome. 169 86

A prospective study using a Latex particle agglutination test for the detection of bacterial antigens in CSF has been carried out in 91 patients in Kamuzu Central Hospital, Malawi. The antigens sought were those of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae b, Neisseria meningitidis B/E. coli K1, and Neisseria meningitidis A,C,Y,W 135. Forty-one patients had proven bacterial meningitis, two had tuberculous meningitis, 39 had cerebral malaria, four had aseptic meningitis and five had convulsions. The sensitivity and specificity of the tests (Str. pneumoniae, 88% and 100%, H. influenzae b, 87% and 96%; N. meningitidis A,C,Y,W 135, 100% and 100%; and N. meningitidis B, 100% and 98%) were as good as those reported from developed countries. Unlike in some other parts of Africa, group B meningococci seem to predominate in cases of meningococcal meningitis in Malawi.
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PMID:Latex particle agglutination tests as an adjunct to the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis: a study from Malawi. 248 30

Two serologically distinct agents, the sandfly fever Sicilian and the sandfly fever Naples viruses, were isolated by Sabin from blood samples taken during an Italian epidemic of febrile illness. Since then, several different viruses have been isolated from sandflies and/or humans in both the Old and New World. Toscana virus, a new virus closely antigenically related to sandfly fever Naples virus, was isolated in 1971 from the sandfly Phlebotomus perniciosus in Italy. Extensive studies on the importance of Toscana virus as a human pathogen demonstrated its association with acute neurologic diseases. A serosurvey for the presence of antibodies to sandfly fever Sicilian, sandfly fever Naples and Toscana viruses indicated that, as in other Mediterranean areas, both sandfly fever Sicilian and sandfly fever Naples viral infections decreased or disappeared after the 1940s in countries performing insecticide-spraying malaria eradication campaigns. In contrast, clinical cases of aseptic meningitis or meningoencephalitis caused by Toscana virus are observed annually in Central Italy during the summer. Toscana virus may be present in other Mediterranean countries where sandflies of the genus Phlebotomus are present.
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PMID:Sandfly fever viruses in Italy. 880 Aug 4

Enteric fevers are caused by invasive strains of Salmonella. Classic enteric fever is caused by S. typhi and usually less severe enteric fevers are caused by S. paratyphi A, B, or C. We present a case of S. paratyphi A enteric fever aseptic meningitis. Headache was so prominent in the case presented that a lumbar puncture was performed to rule out meningitis. Rose spots were not apparent in this dark-skinned patient. Our patient did not have increased serum transaminases and did not have leukopenia, which are common findings in enteric fever. The absence of these findings and the relative bradycardia may be explained by the antimicrobial therapy the patient received before admission. After ruling out malaria, clinicians should suspect enteric fever in patients recently returning from endemic areas, in patients presenting with acute fevers without localizing signs.
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PMID:Salmonella paratyphi A enteric fever mimicking viral meningitis. 1559 96

West Nile encephalitis (WNE) has become endemic in the United States since 1999. The clinical spectrum of WNE includes aseptic meningitis, meningoencephalitis, or encephalitis with or without flaccid paralysis. The severity of WNE ranges from asymptomatic serum conversion to severe neurologic deficits or a fatal outcome. Several systemic disorders may present with encephalitis as part of the clinical presentation, for example, Legionnaires' disease, neoplasms with metastases to the central nervous system, Mycoplasma meningoencephalitis, brucellosis, Listeria, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, ehrlichiosis, and malaria. The most common infectious causes of encephalitis that need to be differentiated from WNE include herpes simplex virus 1, meningoencephalitis, and enteroviral meningoencephalitis. We present a case of apparent hepatic encephalopathy secondary to pancreatic carcinoma with liver involvement that presented as hepatic encephalopathy mimicking WNE. We conclude that patients presenting with encephalitis in the summer months should have serum/cerebrospinal fluid serologic studies sent for WNE even if an alternate explanation seems to explain the clinical syndrome.
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PMID:West Nile viral encephalitis mimicking hepatic encephalopathy. 1564 37

Local prevalences of individual diseases influence the prioritization of the differential diagnoses of a clinical syndrome of acute undifferentiated febrile illness (AFI). This study was conducted in order to delineate the aetiology of AFI that present to a tertiary hospital in southern India and to describe disease-specific clinical profiles. An 1-year prospective, observational study was conducted in adults (age >16 years) who presented with an undifferentiated febrile illness of duration 5-21 days, requiring hospitalization. Blood cultures, malarial parasites and febrile serology (acute and convalescent), in addition to clinical evaluations and basic investigations were performed. Comparisons were made between each disease and the other AFIs. A total of 398 AFI patients were diagnosed with: scrub typhus (47.5%); malaria (17.1%); enteric fever (8.0%); dengue (7.0%); leptospirosis (3.0%); spotted fever rickettsiosis (1.8%); Hantavirus (0.3%); alternate diagnosis (7.3%); and unclear diagnoses (8.0%). Leucocytosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, aseptic meningitis, mild serum transaminase elevation and hypoalbuminaemia were independently associated with scrub typhus. Normal leukocyte counts, moderate to severe thrombocytopenia, renal failure, splenomegaly and hyperbilirubinaemia with mildly elevated serum transaminases were associated with malaria. Rash, overt bleeding manifestations, normal to low leukocyte counts, moderate to severe thrombocytopenia and significantly elevated hepatic transaminases were associated with dengue. Enteric fever was associated with loose stools, normal to low leukocyte counts and normal platelet counts. It is imperative to maintain a sound epidemiological database of AFIs so that evidence-based diagnostic criteria and treatment guidelines can be developed.
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PMID:Acute undifferentiated febrile illness in adult hospitalized patients: the disease spectrum and diagnostic predictors - an experience from a tertiary care hospital in South India. 2087 Jun 80