Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A survey of cold haemagglutinin using the normal and tyrpsinized group O red blood cells was performed in 101 normal individuals, 139 individuals with Plasmodium falciparum malaria, 115 individuals with various infections other than malaria and 46 cases of auto-immune haemolytic anaemia. A marked reduction in the incidence of cold haemagglutinin reacting with the normal group O red blood cell was observed in cases of P. falciparum with parasitaemia higher than 100 000/mm3. Although this was also found in other infections, the proposed mechanism seems to be different. Neither remarkable changes in the incidence of cold haemagglutinin reacting with trypsinized red blood cell not the rise of the titres of agglutination in both types of the red blood cells could be detected in P. falciparum malarial cases. The findings are somewhat unexpected and the possible causes are discussed.
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PMID:A marked reduction in the incidence of cold haemagglutinin in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. 79 45

The specificity of a circulating antibody observed in American trypanosomiasis and reacting with endocardium, blood vessels, and the interstitium of striated muscle (EVI factor) was evaluated in the indirect fluorescent antibody test with 60 sera from patients with malaria, leishmaniasis, echinococcosis, amebiasis, African trypanosomiasis, toxoplasmosis, and trichinosis, collected from areas where Chagas' disease is not endemic. Two sera, 1 from a patient with Plasmodium falciparum malaria and 1 from a patient with a relapse pretreatment post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis, were positive for the EVI factor. In the leishmaniasis group, 3 of 8 sera reacted with 0ovine, murine, and human skeletal muscle. In this reaction, which differs from the EVI test, the sarcolemma and the intracellular structures were stained.
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PMID:Investigation of the EVI antibody in parasitic diseases other than American trypanosomiasis. An anti-skeletal muscle antibody in leishmaniasis. 108 66

A large-scale prospective study was designed to test the effects of aerial ultralow volume (ULV) application of malathion on epidemic Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The study was conducted during 1972 to 1973, in the Miragoane Valley of Haiti, an area having annual anticipated outbreaks of malaria, which allowed prospective assessment. Spraying of malathion at a dosage of 4.5 fluid ounces per acre reduced populations of adult Anopheles albimanus to less than 1% of prespray levels and interrupted epidemic transmission of P. falciparum malaria. No change was measured in susceptibility of the vector mosquito to malathion after six applications of spray during a period of 50 days. Ecologic study revealed no significant impact on nontarget vertebrates. Factors that contributed to the success of this method in Haiti were: 1) a susceptible population of mosquitoes; 2) suitable topography and climate conditions for spraying; and 3) treatment of an area sufficiently large to minimize the influence of immigration of mosquitoes from unsprayed areas.
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PMID:A prospective study of the effects of ultralow volume (ULV) aerial application of malathion on epidemic Plasmodium falciparum malaria. I. Study design and perspective. 109 Nov 67

In the Miragoane Valley of Haiti a consistent pattern in the incidence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria over a 10-year period made it possible to predict an annual outbreak and perform a prospective study to test the effects of aerial ultralow volume (ULV) malathion on epidemic levels of this disease. At the end of October 1972, after epidemic levels (100 cases/month/10,000 population) had been reached, spray operations were begun. The first spray cycle produced a sharp and immediate drop in populations of the vector Anopheles albimanus, followed 4 weeks later by a decrease in the incidence of malaria throughout the valley. Although the incidence of malaria was similar in sprayed and unsprayed areas prior to the effect of ULV malathion (176.1 and 198.7 cases/month/10,000 population, respectively), it was significantly different during the subsequent 3 months (16.8 cases/month/10,000 population in sprayed areas and 65.4 in unsprayed; p less than 0.001). Travel histories indicated that only 4% of all cases had spent a night away from home during the 4 weeks prior to onset of symptoms; therefore, we concluded that these incidence data represent malaria transmission in the valley. Results of the study indicate that aerial spraying of ULV malathion can interrupt epidemic transmission of P. falciparum malaria by a susceptible vector.
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PMID:A prospective study of the effects of ultralow volume (ULV) aerial application of malathion on epidemic Plasmodium falciparum malaria. IV. Epidemiologic aspects. 109 Nov 70

The duration of action of the drug Antemal, a combination of Pyrimethamine and Sulfametopyrazine, was eveluated in Bobo-Dioulasso, Upper Volta, West Africa, and endemic zone for Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The study was held during the season of maximum malaria transmission. 79 persons presenting with an acute attack of malaria were studied; 37 persons received a single dose of chloroquine sulfate (Nivaquine), at a dose of 15 mg./kg.; 42 persons received a single dose of Antemal at a dose of one tablet (75 mg. of Pyrimethamine and 25 mg. of Sulfametopyrazine) per 10 kg. Clinical and parasitological studies of all subjects occurred on days one, two, three, 10, 17, 24 and 31. Only one of 37 (2.7%) subjects on Antemal had a reappearance of trophozoites, occurring on day 17. Eight of 42 (19.0%) patients taking nivaquine had reappearance of trophozoites, observed between day 23 and 31. Gametocytes were observed in eight of 37 (21.6 %) persons on Antemal and in only one of 42 (2.3 %) persons on Nivaquine. These observations suggest an extended duration of protection from Antemal in semi-immune individuals. Nivaquine appeared as a potent inhibitor of gametocytogenesis.
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PMID:[Duration of action of the pyrimethamine-sulfametopyrazine combination in a Plasmodium falciparum endemic zone]. 110 Feb 87

During the Vietnamese conflict, malaria in epidemic proportions constituted a serious health hazard to our forces. Although rarely encountered worldwide, Falciparum malaria proved to be an extremely lethal and dangerous complicating factor. Ophthalmologic complications of malaria are discussed and particular attention is placed on Falciparum malaria with the report of a case in detail and the presentation of unusual fundus findings.
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PMID:Ophthalmologic findings in malaria. 120 May 54

In 99 countries or areas of the world, more than 40% of the population is at risk of acquiring malaria. Falciparum malaria does not exist or is not a problem in just 13 countries or areas. 9% of the population live in areas, chiefly in sub-Saharan Africa, where no national malaria program operates and malaria incidence is still high. Global incidence is about 120 million cases (80% in sub-Saharan Africa) and almost 300 million people (90% in sub-Saharan Africa) have the parasite. Reporting of malaria cases of WHO is improving, but is still variable. In north Africa, Libya and Tunisia appear to be free from malaria transmission. Number of cases in Egypt is falling and tend to be in El Faiyum Governorate. 53% of all cases in the Americas are in Brazil (almost 99% in Amazonia), 25% from Andean countries (especially Columbia and Ecuador), and 14% from Central America. Malaria transmission in the Caribbean is limited to Hispaniola. Even though most malaria cases are in Brazil, French Guiana and Guyana have the highest incidence (52 and 40 cases per 1000 people, respectively). Bahrain, Cyprus, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Qatar, and Lebanon are free of endemic malaria. Yet malaria transmission did occur in the Kerak Lowlands of Jordan in 1990, but remedial measures quickly eliminated the focus. Malaria cases still occur in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iran, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, the United Arab Emirates, and Syria. India has more than 33% of the malaria cases outside of Africa. Except for the Maldives, the other south Asian countries continue to have malaria transmission. In east Asia and Oceania, the countries which continue to have malaria transmission are Thailand, Indonesia, Viet Nam, some areas of China, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu, Solomon Islands, Malaysia, and Philippines. In Turkey, endemic malaria occurs in the southeast (Adana and southeast Anatolia) and at limited other foci. There are also small foci of endemic malaria in Azerbaijan and Tajikistan.
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PMID:World malaria situation in 1990. 128 16

Rosetting, i.e. the spontaneous binding of uninfected to malaria infected erythrocytes and endothelial cytoadherence may hinder the blood flow and lead to severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Falciparum isolates obtained from unconscious patients all form rosettes and/or express a significantly higher mean rosetting rate than isolates from patients with uncomplicated malaria. Furthermore, sera of patients with cerebral malaria are devoid of anti-rosetting activity while sera from patients with mild disease carry high levels of anti-rosetting antibodies. The presence of anti-rosetting antibodies also seems important for the efficient interaction of rosetting infected rbc and leukocytes. Two parasite derived rosetting ligands of Mr 22K and Mr 28K named "rosettins", have been found on the surface of rosetting infected erythrocytes. CD36 has in at least some strains of parasites been found to function as a rosetting receptor on the uninfected erythrocyte. Heparin disrupts rosettes of P. falciparum in vitro and inhibits the sequestration of rosetting cells ex vivo. In conclusion, rosetting seems a crucial factor in the development of cerebral malaria and treatment of patients with anti-rosetting substances might become an effective adjunct in the treatment of severe malaria.
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PMID:Molecular mechanisms and biological importance of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte rosetting. 128 15

Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria is an emerging problem in the West African subregion. While chloroquine remains an effective antimalarial agent in some countries of West Africa, the susceptibility patterns of P falciparum strains need to be assessed periodically. This article reviews the literature on chloroquine-resistant P falciparum malaria.
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PMID:Drug resistance in malaria: a review of the west African situation. 129 94

Currently, most of the subjects presenting with Plasmodium falciparum malaria in France come from areas where chloroquine resistance has already been reported. Treatment of uncomplicated malaria should consist of oral administration of either quinine or mefloquine or halofantrine. In children, halofantrine seems to be the treatment of choice at any age. The prognosis of cerebral malaria depends on how fast the diagnosis is made and the treatment is undertaken. The detection of clinical and biological risk factors is crucial. The treatment of cerebral malaria is based on quinine perfusion administered according to pharmacokinetic data.
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PMID:[Treatment of malaria in children in France]. 133 51


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