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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We describe the first recorded case from Africa of malarial lung, acute pulmonary insufficiency in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The patient was successfully treated with intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV). There was heavy parasitemia, preceding cerebral complications and rapid onset of pulmonary edema in the absence of fluid overload or cardiac failure. A further complication of polyuria from tubular dysfunction developed whilst the patient was being ventilated. IPPV may have an important place in the management of this rare and usually fatal complication of falciparum malaria.
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PMID:Malarial lung: report of a case from Africa successfully treated with intermittent positive pressure ventilation. 32 Aug 93

In an outbreak of Plasmodium falciparum malaria following refeeding after famine cerebral malaria was restricted to children eating grain. Nomad children consuming a predominantly milk diet were free of this complication despite an equivalent incidence of uncomplicated malaria. Freedom of nomads from cerebral complications may be due to inhibition by the milk diet of rapid division of the parasite combined with delayed recovery after famine of T cell function.
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PMID:Diet and cerebral malaria: the effect of famine and refeeding. 33 5

Children with acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria and anemia were investigated to see if immunological factors could be implicated in the pathogenesis of their anaemia. Direct Coombs tests using an anti-whole immunoglobulin antiserum were negative in all 12 children tested but two had positive tests with antisera to C3b and C3d. Low plasma levels of C3 and C4 were found but these were not significantly different from values found in a group of children with acute malaria who were not anaemic. Serum levels of immune complexes were normal at the time of their presentation at hospital with anaemia but were elevated one month later. Incubation of group O rhesus-negative red cells in a serum pool obtained from children with acute malaria and anaemia did not cause enhanced haemolysis or reduce their survival time on injection into mice. Splenic uptake of red cells was, however, significantly enhanced. We conclude that the anaemia of acute malaria is due mainly to destruction of red cells by malaria parasites and to enhanced erythrophagocytosis of normal cells.
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PMID:A study of the role of immunological factors in the pathogenesis of the anaemia of acute malaria. 36 Apr 99

Gambian children with past or present Plasmodium falciparum malaria were investigated for the incidence of Coombs positivity using monospecific antisera. Approximately 50% were positive and the most frequent form of erythrocyte sensitization was with C3d. Other specificities, EIgG, EIgGC3d and EIgGC4bC3d were less common. Erthyrocytes were never found sensitized with IgA or IgM. There was no correlation between a positive test and age, tribal status or level of parasitaemia at presentation, although a positive test was often found in association with anaemia. Sensitized erythrocytes were present in the circulation for a period of up to 6 weeks following initial observation. The mechanism of erythrocyte sensitization is not known, but the results suggest a Type III complex-mediated hypersensitivity involving parasite antigen-antibody complexes. It is likely that these reactions contribute to the pathogenesis of the anaemia in falciparum malaria.
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PMID:Direct Coombs antiglobulin reactions in Gambian children with Plasmodium falciparum malaria. I. Incidence and class specificity. 37 80

Antigen preparations derived from Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (but not from uninfected erythrocytes) can stimulate the in vitro proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes from malaria-sensitized as well as nonsensitized donors. The possibility that the nonspecific responses might be due to a parasite-derived B-cell mitogen has been previously suggested since polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia is a frequent accompaniment of malaria infection. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the in vitro proliferative responses of purified T- and B-cell populations to malaria antigens. T but not B cells responded to the antigens. The addition of small numbers of T cells restored the ability of purified B cells to respond to lectin mitogens but not to malaria antigens. Falciparum malaria infection was associated with an increase in T-cell but not in B-cell proliferation in vivo, as assessed by the spontaneous tritiated thymidine incorporation of lymphocytes during a brief incubation in vitro. Our observations suggest that extracts of malaria parasites do not contain a B-cell mitogen but are antigenic as well as mitogenic for T cells.
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PMID:Response of sensitized and unsensitized human lymphocyte subpopulations to Plasmodium falciparum antigens. 37 40

A case of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in a non-immune male is reported. Primary attack came 19 days after return to a non-malarious country from a visit to Kenya. Recrudescences occurred three times with intervals of 30 to 33 days after standard chloroquine treatment. The WHO extended field test for sensitivity of falciparum malaria to chloroquine was followed by recrudescence 31 days later. Treatment with Fansidar terminated the infection. If continuous treatment of the patient with lithium does not interfere with the schizontocidal action of chloroquine, this strain shows a resistance pattern of R I delayed recrudescence.
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PMID:Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Kenya. 38 68

Four fatal cases of cerebral Plasmodium falciparum malaria in English travellers returning from Africa have been seen in the last 13 years. The haemorrhages, accumulations of microglia, and destruction of cerebral white matter around small veins as a result of blockage of cortical capillaries by parasitised red blood corpuscles resemble the effect of fat embolism. Microglia in the lesions is demonstrated by special neuropathological techniques. Attention is drawn to the need for a prompt recognition of malaria since appropriate treatment can be successful.
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PMID:Cerebral malaria in the United Kingdom. 38 55

During pregnancy an increase occurs in the prevalence and density of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The increase relative to non-pregnant women remains fairly constant with age though there is an over-all decrease in prevalence and density in both groups with age. The increase is at a height relatively early in pregnancy and declines after mid-term. At the height of the malaria season in The Gambia less antimalarial antibody appears in cord bloods than in the early dry season when transmission is lower. Infants show an increase in malaria prevalence and density in the early dry season as compared to the mid-wet season while the remainder of the population shows a decrease.
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PMID:Falciparum malaria and pregnancy. 40 Feb 5

Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) induced lymphocyte transformation in whole blood and in purified lymphocyte cultures was investigated in Gambian children with acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria or with acute protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). Responses of purified lymphocytes cultured in the absence of autologous plasma were normal, with one exception. Autologous plasma depressed the response of purified lymphocytes to a low dose of PHA in several malaria and PEM patients. In whole blood cultures of 1 day and of 3 day duration, responses of several children with malaria or PEM were less than those of control children. Responses were not related to absolute lymphocyte counts. In 3 day, but not 1 day, cultures from control and malarious children, responses were inversely proportional to neutrophil counts. Cultures of whole blood and of purified lymphocytes in autologous plasma gave comparable results in 58 of 70 patients.
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PMID:Effects of autologous plasma on lymphocyte transformation in malaria and in acute protein-energy malnutrition. Comparison of purified lymphocyte and whole blood cultures. 41 77

Epidemiologic studies were done in two localities, one in Panama and one in El Salvador, where outbreaks of Plasmodium falciparum malaria occurred. The indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) method was helpful in defining the intensity of the outbreaks, the species of parasite involved, and, through parallel surveys of adjacent localities, the localized character of outbreaks. In Escobal, Panama 71 (34%) of 211 persons examined were IFA-positive for P. falciparum, although only 1 positive blood film was seen in this survey. In Jocomontique, El Salvador, 15 (28%) of 53 persons examined were IFA-positive for P. falciparum; 6 persons were parasite-positive. In the Panama study a number of children with positive IFA titers at the time of the epidemic had reverted to negative 6 months later. This lability of titers, in children, probably resulting from very early treatment of their first infection and, thus, a very brief exposure to the parasite antigen, suggests the need for caution in interpreting such negative serologic findings. Serologic studies provide valuable information in malaria epidemics, but must be interpreted in association with other known epidemiologic factors in the area concerned.
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PMID:The seroepidemiology of malaria in Middle America. III. Serologic assessment of localized Plasmodium falciparum epidemics. 76 73


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