Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nearly 40 million journeys abroad were recorded from the Federal Republic of Germany last year. 60-70% of travellers going to southern countries seek medical advice for preventive measures, particularly in Public Health centres. Inquiries for vaccinations are prevalent. Current aspects of immunization against yellow fever, cholera, tetanus, polio, typhoid fever, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, rabies meningococcal meningitis, European tick-borne encephalitis, measles and tuberculosis are discussed. Finally, some remarks on malaria prevention, hygiene, health insurance and information services are given in brief.
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PMID:[Preventive health care in travel, especially vaccinations]. 253 28

The prevalence of hepatitis B viral markers was studied in 673 women of childbearing age in 17 villages (12 indigenous and five plantation villages) on the north coast of Papua New Guinea. Some 7.9% of women were HBsAg positive and 41.3% were positive for anti-HBs. There was significant variation in prevalence between villages, ranging from 0 to 13.9% for HBsAg and 26.0 to 71.0% for all markers. The 12 indigenous villages were classified into three groups according to language (Austronesian or non-Austronesian), location (inland or coastal), and marriage patterns. The prevalence of hepatitis B was significantly higher in Austronesian than in non-Austronesian villages (P less than 0.01), and it remained significant after controlling for age differences and for possible effects on prevalence caused by women marrying into the three village groups from other areas. Interactions between malaria and hepatitis B were also investigated. Non-Austronesian villages with the highest spleen rates had the lowest prevalence of hepatitis B infection, and there was no correlation with parasitaemia. These results may reflect a lower exposure of women to hepatitis B infection in non-Austronesian villages, or may indicate different genetic or immunological responses to infection between Austronesians and non-Austronesians.
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PMID:Factors affecting the prevalence of infection with hepatitis B virus among non-pregnant women in the Alexishafen area of Papua New Guinea. 260 74

One of the most intriguing aspects concerning the pathogenesis of AIDS is the long period of latency of the HIV in human cells, not causing any cytopatic effect in some and, on the other hand, causing cell destruction, at short periods, in others. The various agents and the mechanisms they adopt to reactivate the latente HIV, were described. Also the frequent epidemiological observation on the presence of both such agents and the HIV in AIDS patients allowed the authors to speculate on the probable important role of a cohort of co-factors which determine the destiny of such individuals. Special considerations were made in respect to the hepatitis B virus, cytomegalovirus, herpesviruses (HHV-1, e and 6), EB virus, HTLV-1 and 2 retroviruses, group B arbovirus Maguary, malaria and other endemic infectious diseases which victimize millions of Brazilians. Accepting the importance of such co-factors acting on the viral gens that regulate the HIV expression in the host cell, it was speculated on the possible role of vaccines, such as the hepatitis B vaccine, and some antiviral drugs which could be useful in the indirect prevention of AIDS-disease in both HIV-carriers and those practising AIDS-high-risk-activities.
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PMID:[Pathogenesis of AIDS: possible role of co-factors in HIV reactivation]. 269 96

Health services for employees of this 500-bed tertiary care hospital include programs normally available to employees at hospitals in the United States. These programs include primary care, health promotion, health surveillance, and pre-employment health screening. The most pervasive influence on the health care provided is Islam. Saudi Arabia is a conservative Muslim country and all health care activities must be accomplished within the religious and cultural norms of the country. Communicable diseases endemic to this part of the world are of special concern in employee health. Special programs are in place for the prevention and control of tuberculosis, hepatitis B, brucellosis, ophthalmic chlamydia, malaria, and meningococcal disease.
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PMID:An employee health service in Saudi Arabia. 281 60

A case-control study was carried out to explore possible risk factors of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) in Taiwan. One hundred thirty-one PHC patients and 207 hospital control patients were interviewed and blood samples were collected for blood type and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection marker tests. Eighty-three percent of the PHC patients were found to be hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive as compared with 21.0% of the control patients with an odds ratio (OR) of 21.5. Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive status increased the risk of PHC. No significant association was observed between erythrocyte genetic markers and PHC, except c of the Rh system, which was significantly lower in the PHC cases. As compared with the control patients, the PHC patients had a higher proportion with a history of liver diseases and more siblings affected with liver diseases. However, the variables such as cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, peanut consumption, frequent intake of raw fish, heart diseases, peptic ulcer, malaria, hypertension, diabetes, color blindness, G-6-PD deficiency, surgical operation, blood transfusion, and liver diseases of parents and children were not found to be associated with PHC.
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PMID:A case-control study of primary hepatocellular carcinoma in Taiwan. 284 88

17 Caucasian patients with aquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) contracted after long stays in Africa are reported. All 17 patients had previously been healthy; AIDS was diagnosed in them in France after July, 1983, except in 2 patients who were admitted to hospital before 1981. AIDS was diagnosed according to the Centers for Disease Control criteria--severe opportunistic infection or Kaposi's sarcoma. After 1983 every patient was given a questionnaire about where he or she had travelled in Africa, his or her profession, previous venereal disease or malaria, and sexual activity. It seems likely that these patients contracted HIV infection in Central Africa. The picture of the disease was similar to that in patients in other AIDS risk groups. Malaria was the only parasitic disease found in 2 of the patients, and there was no evidence of correlation between hepatitis B and AIDS in these patients. No patient was a hemophiliac or an intravenous-drug abuser, and only 1 patient had received a blood transfusion. Injections in Africa do not appear to be involved in the transmission of AIDS; in these patients, injections were carried out with sterile equipment. The study confirms that prostitutes constitute a reservoir of HIV, particularly in Central Africa, and suggest that the virus will continue to spread through heterosexual contacts. Public health programs are urgently needed to limit sexual contacts with people at risk of transmitting AIDS in Africa and to promote the use of condoms.
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PMID:Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome after travelling in Africa: an epidemiological study in seventeen Caucasian patients. 288 Nov 42

From 1980 to 1985, 14,465 refugees arrived in Israel from Ethiopia. Typhoid fever, tuberculosis, or malaria was present in 1.8% to 9% of immigrants; as many as 93% were infested with intestinal parasites. Extreme malnutrition was common, and serologic evidence of syphilis and hepatitis B was frequently encountered. A program for diagnosis, therapy, and immunoprophylaxis following the massive influx of African refugees is described.
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PMID:Infectious disease among Ethiopian immigrants in Israel. 291 1

To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis B infection in rural Sudan, 2 villages in the Gezira were surveyed. There were 851 subjects (age 1-89 years; mean age 24.6 years) of equal sex distribution, 408 from Khalawaat and 443 from Saleim. HBsAg was found in 18.7%, and seropositivity for any hepatitis marker (HBsAg, anti-HBs, or anti-HBc) was found in 63.9%. The prevalence of HBsAg was highest in subjects less than 5 years of age (32.3%). Seropositivity for any hepatitis marker increased from 48.4% in subjects less than 5 years to 88.5% in persons greater than or equal to 50 years of age. HBeAg was present in 70% of HBsAg-positive women of childbearing age. Residence in Khalawaat and parenteral therapy for malaria were found to be independent risk factors for HBsAg-positivity. Age, residence in Khalawaat, crowding, and having had a tattoo were predictive of seropositivity for any hepatitis marker. The reason for increased markers of hepatitis B in Khalawaat compared to Saleim was not apparent.
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PMID:Epidemiology of hepatitis B in the Gezira region of Sudan. 291 28

Numerous infectious diseases are transmissible by blood, with AIDS and hepatitis being the predominant concerns today. Less in the limelight, but nonetheless blood transmissible, are cytomegalovirus infection, malaria, babesiosis, and hepatitis B. A major controversy with respect to non-A non-B hepatitis relates to the use of 'surrogate' testing of donors for ALT and hepatitis B core antibody. Transfusion-associated AIDS has been markedly reduced as a risk, due to blood donor antibody screening implemented in March 1985. However, other retroviruses such as HTLV-1, HTLV-II and HIV-II pose additional concerns regarding the safety of the blood supply, and decisions will be forthcoming regarding testing of donated blood for antibody to these viruses.
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PMID:Infectious complications of blood transfusion. 305 66

AIDS in rural Africa seems to differ in its epidemiology from hepatitis B and appears to be spread predominantly by preexisting patterns of heterosexual activity responsible for high rates of other sexually transmitted diseases. The authors compared the seroepidemiologies of AIDS, hepatitis B, and syphilis at 2 rural hospitals in southwest Uganda. During August 1986, 3% of 357 outpatients, reflecting the age and sex composition of the general population, were anti-HIV positive. Anti-HIV seropositivity, both in the outpatients and among 36 suspected prostitutes and 14 suspected AIDS cases, was confined to individuals aged 20 or over. For men, seropositivity was associated with sexual contact with prostitutes (a risk factor for 61% of young men in the study). In the prostitute group, 25% were anti-HIV positive and 46% were positive on the Treponema pallidum hemagglutination (TPHA) test for syphilis. The risk factors for HIV, but not hepatitis B, were the same as for having a history of sexually transmitted disease (STD). However, there was, surprisingly, an association between a history of STD and seropositivity for hepatitis B virus but not for HIV infection. The geographical and age distributions of seropositivity for HIV and hepatitis B virus were also quite different. Finally, blood transfusions, scarification, and exposure to mosquitoes (as assessed by a history of malaria) were not evident risk factors for either HIV or hepatitis B virus.
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PMID:Risk factors for the spread of AIDS in rural Africa: evidence from a comparative seroepidemiological survey of AIDS, hepatitis B and syphilis in southwestern Uganda. 314 Aug 31


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