Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

U.S. military physicians and researchers have collaborated in the development of eight U.S.-licensed vaccines since 1934, when product efficacy requirements were added to product safety requirements mandated in 1902. These vaccines include influenza (1945), rubella (1969), adenovirus types 4 and 7 (1980), meningococcus A, C, Y, W-135 (1981), hepatitis B (1981), oral typhoid (1989), Japanese encephalitis (1992), and hepatitis A (1995). Current efforts include new adenovirus and Japanese encephalitis vaccines, and vaccines to prevent dengue, diarrhea due to enterotoxigenic E. coli, Campylobacter, and Shigella, malaria, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, scrub typhus, meningococcus type B, and HIV infection. All vaccines currently administered to U.S. military forces must be licensed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
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PMID:Role of U.S. military research programs in the development of U.S.-licensed vaccines for naturally occurring infectious diseases. 1772 25

Significant progress has been made in reducing the risk of pathogen transmission to transfusion recipients. Nonetheless, there remains a continuing risk of transmission of viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and prions to recipients. These include many of the viruses for which specific screening tests exist as well as pathogens for which testing is currently not being done, including various species of bacteria, babesiosis, variant Creutzfeld-Jacob disease, hepatitis A virus, human herpes virus 8, chikungunya virus, Chagas disease, and malaria. Pathogen inactivation (PI) technologies potentially provide an additional way to protect the blood supply from emerging agents and also provide additional protection against both known and as-yet-unidentified agents. However, the impact of PI on product quality and recipient safety remains to be determined. The purpose of this consensus conference was to bring together international experts in an effort to consider the following issues with respect to PI: implementation criteria; licensing requirements; blood service and clinical issues; risk management issues; cost-benefit impact; and research requirements. These proceedings are provided to make available to the transfusion medicine community the considerable amount of important information presented at this consensus conference.
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PMID:Proceedings of a Consensus Conference: pathogen inactivation-making decisions about new technologies. 1806 90

Diploid cells (WI-38, MRC-5) vaccines have their origin in induced abortions. Among these vaccines we fi nd the following: rubella, measles, mumps, rabies, polio, smallpox, hepatitis A, chickenpox, and herpes zoster. Nowadays, other abortion tainted vaccines cultivated on transformed cells (293, PER.C6) are in the pipeline: flu, Respiratory Syncytial and parainfluenza viruses, HIV, West Nile virus, Ebola, Marburg and Lassa, hepatitis B and C, foot and mouth disease, Japanese encephalitis, dengue, tuberculosis, anthrax, plague, tetanus and malaria. The same method is used for the production of monoclonal antibodies and other proteins, gene therapy and genomics. Technology enables us to develop the aforementioned products without resorting to induced abortion. Full disclosure of the cell origin in the labelling of vaccines and other products must be supported. There are vaccines from non-objectionable sources which should be made available to the public. When no alternative vaccines exist, ethical research must be promoted. Non-objectionable sources in the production of monoclonal antibodies, gene therapy and genomics must be encouraged. It is not be consistent to abstain from products originated in embryonic stem cells and at the same time approve of products obtained from induced abortions. It is of paramount importance to avoid that induced abortion technology seeps into every field of Medicine.
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PMID:[Vaccines, biotechnology and their connection with induced abortion]. 1861 Oct 78

The major attractions of vaccines based on viral carriers (vectors) include their immunogenicity without adjuvant and the relative simplicity of their associated production processes in comparison with recombinant protein-based approaches. Two influenza virosomal vaccines - for influenza and hepatitis A - are registered for human use, and the virosome platform is being evaluated as the carrier for a Plasmodium falciparum vaccine that targets both the exo-erythrocytic and erythrocytic stages. Although safe and immunogenic, the first such virosome-based malaria vaccine showed no protection in a Phase IIa clinical trial. Nevertheless, the established safety profile of virosomes and their flexibility with regard to antigen delivery - allowing for antibody induction via the conjugation of peptides and T-cell induction via encapsulation - indicate that they warrant further exploration.
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PMID:Influenza virosomes: a flu jab for malaria? 1868 67

Vaccines are among the greatest achievements of modern medicine, leading to the eradication of naturally occurring smallpox, the near elimination of polio and the control of diseases such as rotavirus and hepatitis A and B in industrialized countries. Conventional vaccines, however, protect against a limited number of infectious diseases and, in some cases, provide incomplete protection. Effective vaccines against common infections such as HIV, hepatitis C and malaria remain an unmet medical need. These gaps, together with the threat of resurgence of eradicated diseases, contribute to the growing need for the development of new vaccines and the improvement of existing ones. Approximately 250 scientists and vaccine experts from around the world gathered at Cambridge Healthtech Institute's 3rd Annual Immunotherapeutics and Vaccine Summit (ImVacS 2008) to present the latest developments in this field and to discuss, in 64 presentations, the challenges and current approaches to development and production of novel vaccines.
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PMID:Novel vaccines: bridging research, development and production. 1898 May 35

Surveillance of imported infectious diseases is important because of the need for early detection of outbreaks of international concern as well as information of risk to the travelers. This paper attempts to review how the Japanese surveillance system deals with imported infectious diseases and reviews the trend of these diseases. The cases of acquired infection overseas were extracted from the surveillance data in 1999-2008. The incidence and rate of imported cases of a series of infectious diseases with more than one imported case were observed by the year of diagnosis and place of acquired infection. During the period 10,030 cases that could be considered to be imported infectious diseases were identified. Shigellosis ranked as the most common imported disease, followed by amebiasis, malaria, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, typhoid fever, dengue fever, hepatitis A, giardiasis, cholera, and paratyphoid fever. The annual trends of these diseases always fluctuated but not every change was investigated. The study reveals that the situation of imported infectious diseases can be identified in the current Japanese surveillance system with epidemiologic features of both temporal and geographic distribution of cases of imported infectious diseases. However, further timely investigation for unusual increase in infectious diseases is needed.
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PMID:Imported infectious diseases and surveillance in Japan. 1898 79

Two previously healthy young women presented with a lethal hepatitis a few days after the onset of an artesunate-amodiaquine combination at the recommended doses for a bout of fever. Nothing proved the fever was due to malaria, the toxic cause of hepatitis, or to the drugs used. Imputability was based on chronology (fever, drug combination, sudden onset of severe fatigue, hepatitis lethal in a few days) and on the absence of any other evident cause for hepatitis. Severe hepatitis under prolonged amodiaquine treatment has been reported since 1985, the risk is estimated at 1/15500 treatments and the symptoms usually appear within 10 to 160 days. The current international recommendations are to promptly treat uncomplicated malaria access, with an artemisinin-based combination therapy, especially with artesunate-amodiaquine. The risk of iterative amodiaquine use could be the same as prolonged treatments, given that the suspected toxicity mechanisms are metabolite accumulation or an immunoallergic phenomenon. All adverse effects must be reported.
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PMID:[Two cases of fulminant hepatitis during a curative treatment with an artesunate-amodiaquine combination]. 1901 42

A Phase 1 study of the apical membrane antigen malaria vaccine AMA1-C1/Alhydrogel was conducted in 2-3-year-old children in a village in Mali. A high frequency of elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) caused by hepatitis A was seen, with 8 of 36 children diagnosed by specific IgM antibody over the course of the study. Hepatitis A is a common cause of asymptomatic elevations of ALT levels in children, particularly in less-developed settings. Investigators should be aware of the frequency of hepatitis A in this age group to guard against inadvertently facilitating transmission at study facilities and to properly evaluate symptomatic or asymptomatic elevations of ALT levels.
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PMID:Short report: elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase and hepatitis A in the context of a pediatric malaria vaccine trial in a village in Mali. 1905 15

The experience of international travel can be very gratifying. But illness, visits to the doctor, and disability should not be part of travel. Diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, traveler's diarrhea, and hepatitis A are preventable. Through the administration of vaccines, the prescribing of prophylactic medications, and by providing disease-prevention education, clinicians can help assure their pediatric travelers and their families will have an enjoyable and rewarding travel experience.
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PMID:Preparing families with children traveling to developing countries. 1968 52

International travel has become more accessible and affordable, and travel, particularly to tropical and malaria regions, has increased by up to 8% annually. This change in travel has surprisingly not resulted in an increase in imported diseases. Surveillance reports of hepatitis A and enteric fever have not increased and a significant and sustained fall in malaria over the decade has been described. Nurses in primary care are the predominant providers of pre-travel health services and they have an important and influential role in preventing travel-associated illness. This is the second article in a 3-part series on the spectrum of health issues associated with travel. Part one discussed pre-travel health advice, including risk assessment and educating travellers. This article explores the highest risk group of traveller, those visiting friends and relatives (VFRs). The article highlights the specific disease risks for VFRs and how these may be influenced by their health beliefs. The article explores ways in which nurses can optimize the travel health consultation to ensure that the specific needs ofVFRs are met and that they receive accurate and achievable advice.
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PMID:Travel health. Part 2: advising travellers visiting friends and relatives abroad. 1918 64


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