Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum vitamin B12 and vitamin B12 binding proteins (transcobalamins, TCS) were determined in patients with malaria, amoebic liver abscess, carcinoma of the liver, infectious hepatitis, cirrhosis and chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) as well as in 60 blood donor subjects. Serum vitamin B12 in patients with infectious hepatitis, cirrhosis and CML were higher than that of the normal subjects. The values of unsaturated vitamin B12 binding capacity (UBBC) in patients with carcinoma of the liver, infectious hepatitis, cirrhosis were lower while that of patients with CML were higher than that of the normal subjects. A markedly increased TCI and decreased TCII was observed in patients with CML while these changes was much less in patients with other liver diseases. The difference was possibly due to a flooding of vitamin B12 from damaged liver cells into the circulation and the decreased synthesis of transcobalamins in patients with liver diseases while the increased granulocytes, the source of TCI, was much increased in patients with CML.
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PMID:Vitamin B12 and vitamin B12 binding proteins in liver diseases. 60 23

We studied the possible correlation of VH morbidity or HBsAg carrier rate with the prevalence of malaria and enteric among the 50 geographical regions of Greece. Malaria was considered as an index of mosquito density and enteric as an index of the local hygienic conditions. Morbidity data on the studied reportable diseases for the period 1954-73 and the HBsAg carrier rate (4-7%) among 17,991 recruits of the Greek Air Force, coming from all the geographical regions of Greece, were used. The statistical analysis of our data showed that VH morbidity (which is mainly hepatitis A) is significantly correlated with enteric morbidity, while HBsAg carrier rate with malaria. Our data support the significance of the role of mosquitoes in the spread of HB at least under the prevailing conditions in Greece.
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PMID:Epidemiologic study of the modes of spread of viral hepatitis in Greece. 98 15

Anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) purified from patients with autoimmune disease have recently been shown to interact with a phospholipid-binding plasma protein, beta 2-glycoprotein I (beta 2-GPI). The aim of this study was to determine whether aCL purified from patients with infection also interact with beta 2-GPI. aCL purified from 23 patients with malaria, infectious mononucleosis, tuberculosis, hepatitis A or syphilis did not require the presence of beta 2-GPI to bind cardiolipin (CL). In contrast, aCL were purified from 11 out of 12 patients with autoimmune disease that bound CL only in the presence of beta 2-GPI. Thrombotic complications appear to be associated with aCL occurring in autoimmune disease but not with aCL associated with infections. We postulate that this increased risk of thrombosis in the autoimmune group may be due to the presence of aCL that bind CL in association with beta 2-GPI, a plasma protein with anticoagulant activity.
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PMID:A phospholipid-beta 2-glycoprotein I complex is an antigen for anticardiolipin antibodies occurring in autoimmune disease but not with infection. 130 67

Febrile infections can be fatal in travelers to tropical countries unless the patient seeks medical care in a timely manner and the physician takes the time and has the skill to make a rapid diagnosis and prescribe appropriate therapy. In addition to the usual febrile illnesses present in temperate climates, the patient may have an "exotic" infection, e.g., malaria, infectious hepatitis, enteric fever, or dengue fever. The potential causes of fever in travelers are extensive. This article provides practical clues to assist the physician in making the correct diagnosis--by using exposure information, symptoms and signs, and concomitant symptom complexes.
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PMID:Fever in the returned traveler. 140 24

Medical losses owing to common diseases during the war in Afghanistan were several times greater than medical losses in wounded. It happened due to a high level of infectious morbidity (hepatitis A, typhoid diseases, dysentery, amebiasis and malaria). Generally, this kind of morbidity in itself was not very high and was comparatively equal to the period of the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. Officers more frequently had diseases of digestive or respiratory systems, and enlisted men--of respiratory and digestive systems.
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PMID:[The characteristics of the course of diseases with a therapeutic profile]. 152 21

The international community has launched the Children's Vaccine Initiative, which has created the most ambitious grouping of public and private sector interests ever to tackle a global health issue. Developed by WHO, UNICEF, UNDP, the World Bank, and the Rockefeller Foundation, the initiative is the result of decisions taken at the World Summit for Children, held in New York in September 1990. During that meeting, world leaders requested greater resources for the development of new or better vaccines. The Children's Vaccine Initiative, says WHO Director-General Dr. Hiroshi Nakajima, will not only yield specific benefits in improving vaccines, it will also establish a process of collaboration between the public and private sectors, which will have far-reaching benefits in other areas. The new initiative comes on the heels of another international effort, the successful Expanded Program on Immunization, which in 1990 achieved its goal of immunizing 80% of the world's children against 6 major childhood diseases: poliomyelitis, measles, tuberculosis, diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus. The new initiative will strive to develop vaccines against a wider spectrum of viral, bacterial, and parasitic diseases which cause mortality in children. These diseases include rotavirus infection, hepatitis A and E, dengue, Japanese encephalitis, acute respiratory diseases, meningococcal meningitis, diarrheal diseases, pneumococcal pneumonia, and malaria. The new initiative will also seek to improve existing vaccines, making them easier to administer and less painful and costly.
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PMID:New children's vaccine initiative launched. 160 Apr 43

New vaccine developments will reflect achievements of the World Health Organization's (WHO) Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI), as well as resistance from the public toward increasing numbers of vaccines. WHO's EPI program has concentrated on tuberculosis, diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, polio, and measles. 35 countries are attempting to control hepatitis B with universal vaccination. Now some countries are also recommending vaccination against Haemophilus influenza, mumps, and rubella. The complexity of multiple injections has prompted new research on acellular vaccines for pertussis, hepatitis A and B, varicella, and malaria. Combined vaccines and new adjuvants are also targets of intense research. Vaccines are a priority, because they are among the most cost-effective of medical interventions.
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PMID:New developments in vaccinology. 163 65

Researchers analyzed data on 2627 Australian tourists returning from Kenya, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and the Maldives (November 1988-March 1989 and October 1989-January 1990) to examine tourist behavior regarding prophylaxis measures. 94.1% sought health information. 1st time tourists were more likely to get this information than those who had already made at least 1 visit (98.1% vs. 92%; p.05). Many tourists relied on travel agencies (37.5%) and friends (20.2%) for this information. Experienced tourists were not as likely to depend on travel agencies and friends as were 1st time tourists (p.05), however. 92% of those who sought information took at least 1 precautionary measure. 96.3% of tourists to Kenya carried out a prophylactic measure compared with 79.6% of those to the Maldives (p.05). Tourists tended to obtain immunoglobulin prophylaxis against hepatitis A (75.1-84.8%), yet not obtain vaccinations for typhoid fever (55.7-68.1%), tetanus (43.3-56.7%), and polio (25.9-38.7%). They appeared to be aware of dietary risks (86.1%), but not about sexually transmitted disease risk such as AIDS (41.7%) or taking a medical travel kit (50.5%). After a mass media campaign, these figures increased to 93.1% (not significant), 64.7% (p.01), and 68.2% (p.05). The Maldives was free of malaria, but 31.9% still took malaria prophylaxis. Most travelers to Thailand (88.35) also took malaria prophylaxis, yet 81.8% of them went to malaria-free areas. Tourists to Kenya had better compliance than those to Sri Lanka (94.2% vs. 82.7%, p.05). Moreover only 74.7% of travelers to Kenya took mefloquine, the recommended choice for short-term travelers. Compliance was greater among those who took mefloquine than it was for those taking chloroquine (74.1% vs. 90.3%, p .01). The most important finding was the considerable misinformation about and noncompliance with malaria prophylaxis. For example, the more complex the intake instructions the more likely noncompliance occurs.
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PMID:Compliance of Austrian tourists with prophylactic measures. 164 43

Diarrhea, malaria, and viral hepatitis are among the preventable diseases of travellers. In Switzerland, almost all serious cases of malaria are introduced from tropical Africa; therefore, we recommend protection with 250 mg of mefloquin per week for this destination. Elsewhere, protection against mosquitoes, in combination with Fansimef for self-treatment, may be enough. For travellers' diarrhea, we prefer immediate treatment with ciprofloxacin or cotrimoxazol to prophylaxis. Administration of immune globulin against hepatitis A may be recommended for all non-immune tourists, whereas protection against hepatitis B is necessary for health workers and sex tourists.
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PMID:[Prevention of infectious diseases in traveling]. 185 66

In Germany, the last period of the Second World War and the following years were characterized by deficiencies of hygiene which had not occurred previously in Middle Europe during the 20th century. There were focuses of typhus, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, diphtheria, scarlet fever, and meningitis. Insufficiencies in the removal of faeces caused high incidences of shigellosis, hepatitis A, and ascariasis. As a result of insufficient body care, many people were infested with fleas, lice and scabies. The migration of large proportions of the population resulted in an increasing prevalence of syphilis an gonorrhea. As the population resettled, the first steps towards reorganization of public health could be done. The spread of typhoid fever was controlled by drinking-water disinfection with chlorine, repair of sewage systems, and patient isolation. The application of DDT helped to reduce scabies and pediculosis, resulting in decreasing typhus risks. During the first two decades after the war, there was a steady decrease of the incidence of infectious diseases. The reconstruction of the towns resulted in improved housing conditions and a decreasing number of persons per housing area, reducing the intensity of physical contacts of the inhabitants with each other. The nutrition and clothing situation of the population improved, which, in addition to a general rise of the standards of hygiene, brought about an increase of the individual resistance to infection. A further reduction of sporadic and epidemic outbreaks of infectious diseases was achieved by the introduction of chemotherapy and antibiotics. Increasing prosperity was accompanied by new problems of hygiene. Infectious diseases almost eradicated in West Germany, were imported by air travellers. Ten imported cases of smallpox were reported between 1957 and 1972, eight of which originated from Southeast Asia. Malaria, imported by German and foreign soldiers, had not been uncommon after the end of the war but had been easy to control by insecticides and antimalarials. As tourism expanded, a new wave of imported malaria cases was reported. In West Germany there is, however, no more spread of the disease under present conditions, cholera caused similar problems. The 1961 cholera epidemic started in Southeast Asia and caused minor outbreaks in Mediterranean countries like Italy and Spain. A significant spread of the disease throughout Europe was prevented by generally high standards of drinking water and sewage treatment. Sporadic cases of typhoid fever were imported from countries with low standards of hygiene.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[The success of hygiene in the last 40 years]. 250 Jul 98


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