Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Alterations of the gallbladder wall is a well known sonographic sign of acute cholecystitis. But thickening of the gallbladder wall is also found in patients without intrinsic gallbladder disease. We present our experience on this regard in patients with cirrhosis, acute viral hepatitis, infectious mononucleosis, halothane hepatitis, fulminant hepatic failure, malaria due to plasmodium falciparum, heart failure, severe malnutrition due to gastric obstruction, septicemia, pyogenic hepatic abscess, amoebic hepatic abscess and in a 14 years old patient with fracture of the skull-acute anemia-shock. Most of these diseases affected the liver directly or indirectly. Knowledge of these alterations of the gallbladder wall in these circumstances are important in order to avoid a the erroneous diagnosis of acute cholecystitis.
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PMID:[Ultrasonographic changes in the gallbladder wall in non-gallbladder diseases]. 253 57

Many viruses, bacteria or parasites can survive in stored blood for varying lengths of time. Recipients are therefore exposed to a risk which depends on the prevalence of pathogens in blood donor populations, the clinical and laboratory controls performed in blood transfusion centres and the efficiency of the patient's immune system. Beside the HIV and hepatitis viruses, transfusions may transmit the HTL virus in endemic areas or if the blood donor comes from one of these areas (e.g. the French West Indies), the CMV virus (but only in patients with weak immune defences) and some exotic viruses in specific regions. As regards bacterial agents, syphilis is prevented by blood storage at 4 degrees C for 72 hours and brucellosis remains a minor risk, but the very rare endotoxinic shock is severe and lethal in two-thirds of the cases. Infestation by parasites is common in certain areas, but it may occur in France after transfusion from blood donors coming from these areas; malaria transmitted by blood perfusion is a real problem. Drastic procedures of rejection of blood donors at risk, including examination and laboratory screening, must be applied and are effective in preventing these dangers. These procedures are well-known and are compulsory in France.
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PMID:[Transfusion and transmission of infectious and parasitic diseases excluding AIDS and viral hepatitis]. 255 83

Tropical and exotic diseases must be considered in all travellers who fall ill soon after returning home. Malaria must be aggressively excluded, regardless of whether anti-malarial prophylaxis has been taken. Other important infections include diarrhoeal disease, tuberculosis, hepatitis and sexually-transmitted diseases.
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PMID:Infection/PUO on return to the UK. 259 62

In 1985, the US Peace Corps developed a computerized epidemiological surveillance system to monitor health trends in over 5500 Peace Corps Volunteers working in development projects in 62 countries worldwide. Data on 31 health conditions and events are collected monthly from each country; quarterly and annual incidence rates are then calculated, and the analysed data are distributed. In 1987, the most commonly reported health problems were diarrhoea (unclassified), 48 cases per 100 volunteers per year; amoebiasis, 24 per 100 volunteers per year; injuries, 20 per 100 volunteers per year; bacterial skin infections, 19 per 100 volunteers per year; and giardiasis 17 per 100 volunteers per year. Tracking each of these common problems, as well as other selected health conditions, guides design of more specific studies and disease control efforts. Health problems with very low rates (less than 1.0/100 volunteers/year) include hepatitis, schistosomiasis, non-falciparum malaria, and filariasis. The epidemiological surveillance system provides the health data needed to plan, implement, and evaluate health programmes for Peace Corps Volunteers, and provides a model for surveillance in other groups of temporary and permanent residents of developing countries.
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PMID:Epidemiological surveillance in Peace Corps Volunteers: a model for monitoring health in temporary residents of developing countries. 272 68

Seven patients developed hepatitis after receiving amodiaquine for malaria prophylaxis for 4 to 15 weeks. Four patients had a minor form of hepatitis: jaundice was mild or absent, serum aminotransferase levels were moderately increased, and recovery was prompt. Three patients had a severe form: jaundice was intense, serum aminotransferase levels were markedly increased, jaundice persisted for 3 to 6 months, and liver tests were still abnormal 7 to 27 months after the onset of hepatitis. In two patients, serum aminotransferase levels increased promptly after readministration of the drug, which is consistent with an immunoallergic mechanism for amodiaquine-induced hepatitis.
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PMID:Amodiaquine-induced hepatitis. A report of seven cases. 287 89

The government of Senegal, in March of 1986, requested assistance from the UN Development Program (UNDP) to formulate and execute a program for safe motherhood. Senegal, with an estimated maternal mortality rate of 580-760/100,000, was the 1st country to initiate a concrete national program to address the problem of maternal mortality. Despite the existence of a well-developed health infrastructure, data showed that the majority of Senegalese women deliver at home and that only 20% of maternal mortality is reported. Causes of mortality include endemic diseases (malaria and hepatitis), and abrupted placenta as a complication of hypertension. To identify the target areas of intervention, a "Mission of Identification" was organized by the UNDP in collaboration with the government of Senegal. 4 levels of the health infrastructure--village or rural maternity, the health post, the health center, and regional and national hospitals--were assessed as to existing and potential capacity to prevent maternal deaths. Epidemiology, social barriers to care, service delivery problems, and management issues were addressed. Results revealed a minimal knowledge of family planning, an expressed desire to solve the problems, and the strong influence of traditional beliefs in health care intervention, all of which contribute to maternal mortality. Interventions to reduce mortality were outlined based on identified causes of death and capabilities to address a specific problem. Over 50% of maternal deaths could be prevented by improved access and optimization of health care delivery and timely medical/surgical intervention. Adequate prenatal coverage and reducing pregnancy rates at the extremes of maternal age and parity were also cited as methods to reduce mortality. Estimates of the efficacy of these interventions were based on universal access, which does not now exist. A significant investment must be made to assure such access and to emphasize the priority given to maternal/child health by the government of Senegal.
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PMID:Preliminary report of an identification mission for safe motherhood, Senegal: putting the M back in M.C.H. 289 92

To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis B infection in rural Sudan, 2 villages in the Gezira were surveyed. There were 851 subjects (age 1-89 years; mean age 24.6 years) of equal sex distribution, 408 from Khalawaat and 443 from Saleim. HBsAg was found in 18.7%, and seropositivity for any hepatitis marker (HBsAg, anti-HBs, or anti-HBc) was found in 63.9%. The prevalence of HBsAg was highest in subjects less than 5 years of age (32.3%). Seropositivity for any hepatitis marker increased from 48.4% in subjects less than 5 years to 88.5% in persons greater than or equal to 50 years of age. HBeAg was present in 70% of HBsAg-positive women of childbearing age. Residence in Khalawaat and parenteral therapy for malaria were found to be independent risk factors for HBsAg-positivity. Age, residence in Khalawaat, crowding, and having had a tattoo were predictive of seropositivity for any hepatitis marker. The reason for increased markers of hepatitis B in Khalawaat compared to Saleim was not apparent.
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PMID:Epidemiology of hepatitis B in the Gezira region of Sudan. 291 28

Numerous infectious diseases are transmissible by blood, with AIDS and hepatitis being the predominant concerns today. Less in the limelight, but nonetheless blood transmissible, are cytomegalovirus infection, malaria, babesiosis, and hepatitis B. A major controversy with respect to non-A non-B hepatitis relates to the use of 'surrogate' testing of donors for ALT and hepatitis B core antibody. Transfusion-associated AIDS has been markedly reduced as a risk, due to blood donor antibody screening implemented in March 1985. However, other retroviruses such as HTLV-1, HTLV-II and HIV-II pose additional concerns regarding the safety of the blood supply, and decisions will be forthcoming regarding testing of donated blood for antibody to these viruses.
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PMID:Infectious complications of blood transfusion. 305 66

In a prospective hospital-based study, endotoxin was detected by amoebocyte limulus lysate test in the blood of 18 of 20 patients with complicated Plasmodium falciparum (16 with cerebral malaria, 2 with blackwater fever, one with acute malarial hepatitis and one with hepatorenal failure) and in all 5 patients with uncomplicated malaria tested, but in none of 5 healthy volunteers. There were 4 deaths among the 18 patients with complicated malaria and endotoxaemia. No correlation between endotoxaemia and presence of complications, clinical severity, or degree of parasitaemia was found. A concomitant bacterial infection could account for endotoxaemia in 11 of the 16 patients with cerebral malaria and endotoxaemia; in the other 5 patients with cerebral malaria, 4 with other complications, and 5 with uncomplicated malaria, endotoxin was detected in the blood without any evidence of bacterial infection.
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PMID:Endotoxaemia in complicated falciparum malaria. 307 5

Thirty six patients with culture-proven enteric fever and 15 patients of fever with etiology other than enteric fever as a control group were studied, with special reference to hepatic dysfunction and its relation to clinical features of the disease. Hepatomegaly was observed in 55% of enteric fever patients, and was slightly more common than splenomegaly (50%). Its incidence in typhoid fever (67%) was three times higher than in paratyphoid fever (22%). Hepatic dysfunction occurred in 55% of cases. Jaundice was noted in only 8% of the cases, whereas hyperbilirubinemia (serum bilirubin greater than 1.8 mg %) was present in 17%. Although hepatic manifestations of enteric fever were mild, a small but important group had sufficient hepatic involvement to mimick the clinical picture seen in viral hepatitis, amebic liver disease, and malaria with jaundice. It may be considered of clinical significance, since enteric hepatitis responds very well to specific therapy.
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PMID:The spectrum of hepatic injury in enteric fever. 312 48


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