Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A total of 306 individuals from South Vietnam were studied: 61 had a diagnosis of primary liver cancer (38 had a tissue diagnosis, and 23 had a clinical diagnosis and a positive alpha-fetoprotein); 9 had viral hepatitis; 101 were hospitalized patients (60 with various other forms of liver disease and 41 without liver disease); 94 were blood donors; 29 were drug users, and 12 were medical students. Alpha-fetoprotein was present in 45 of 61 (74%) of those with a diagnois of primary liver cancer (PLC) and in none of the other patients. Using immunoelectroosmophoresis, hepatitis BS antigen (HBSAg) was found no more frequently in those with PLC than in the other groups studied. In contrast, using a radioimmunoassay technique HBSAg was present 3 to 8 times as frequently in the PLC patients as in other subjects without viral hepatitis. There was a close relationship between the presence of alpha-fetoprotein and HBSAg in the patients with PLC. Malaria seropositivity rates were no different in the PLC groups than the other groups. It appears that in South Vietnam PLC is associated with an increased frequency of HBSAg.
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PMID:Hepatitis BS antigen, malaria titers, and primary liver cancer in South Vietnam. 5 72

Between 1 September and 24 October 1976, 318 cases of acute viral haemorrhagic fever occurred in northern Zaire. The outbreak was centred in the Bumba Zone of the Equateur Region and most of the cases were recorded within a radius of 70 km of Yambuku, although a few patients sought medical attention in Bumba, Abumombazi, and the capital city of Kinshasa, where individual secondary and tertiary cases occurred. There were 280 deaths, and only 38 serologically confirmed survivors.The index case in this outbreak had onset of symptoms on 1 September 1976, five days after receiving an injection of chloroquine for presumptive malaria at the outpatient clinic at Yambuku Mission Hospital (YMH). He had a clinical remission of his malaria symptoms. Within one week several other persons who had received injections at YMH also suffered from Ebola haemorrhagic fever, and almost all subsequent cases had either received injections at the hospital or had had close contact with another case. Most of these occurred during the first four weeks of the epidemic, after which time the hospital was closed, 11 of the 17 staff members having died of the disease. All ages and both sexes were affected, but women 15-29 years of age had the highest incidence of disease, a phenomenon strongly related to attendance at prenatal and outpatient clinics at the hospital where they received injections. The overall secondary attack rate was about 5%, although it ranged to 20% among close relatives such as spouses, parent or child, and brother or sister.Active surveillance disclosed that cases occurred in 55 of some 550 villages which were examined house-by-house. The disease was hitherto unknown to the people of the affected region. Intensive search for cases in the area of north-eastern Zaire between the Bumba Zone and the Sudan frontier near Nzara and Maridi failed to detect definite evidence of a link between an epidemic of the disease in that country and the outbreak near Bumba. Nevertheless it was established that people can and do make the trip between Nzara and Bumba in not more than four days: thus it was regarded as quite possible that an infected person had travelled from Sudan to Yambuku and transferred the virus to a needle of the hospital while receiving an injection at the outpatient clinic.Both the incubation period, and the duration of the clinical disease averaged about one week. After 3-4 days of non-specific symptoms and signs, patients typically experienced progressively severe sore throat, developed a maculopapular rash, had intractable abdominal pain, and began to bleed from multiple sites, principally the gastrointestinal tract. Although laboratory determinations were limited and not conclusive, it was concluded that pathogenesis of the disease included non-icteric hepatitis and possibly acute pancreatitis as well as disseminated intravascular coagulation.This syndrome was caused by a virus morphologically similar to Marburg virus, but immunologically distinct. It was named Ebola virus. The agent was isolated from the blood of 8 of 10 suspected cases using Vero cell cultures. Titrations of serial specimens obtained from one patient disclosed persistent viraemia of 10(6.5)-10(4.5) infectious units from the third day of illness until death on the eighth day. Ebola virus particles were found in formalin-
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PMID:Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Zaire, 1976. 30 56

The microbiological and parasitic risks associated with the tremendous increase in the tourist traffic from West Germany and Austria into warmer countries are considerable even in the case of shorter stays, as has been confirmed by observations made on those returning from such areas. The most important groups of diseases -- worm diseases, amoebiasis, and malaria -- have maintained this ranking in Central and South America; in Africa, especially in the east, the incidence of malaria tropica is increasing. The proportions for Austria show that even numerically there are no great differences compared with West Germany. It seems that, as far as malaria is concerned, efficient prophylactic measures and reliable information are absent; at any rate, the cases of malaria tropica were severe and in the main no prophylactic measures had been taken. With the exception of Japan, the risk of hepatitis in all warmer countries and in the East in general is many times higher than in the Federal Republic of Germany and the length of stay is partly a determining factor. For instance, the risk of hepatitis is roughly forty times higher in India. All figures shown in this survey are supported by tables, literature, and personal experience.
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PMID:[Microbiological and parasitic risks associated with the stay in hot countries (author's transl)]. 48 8

A summary is given on the local and general risks of blood donation for the donor and especially on the recipient's risks to blood transfusion itself, including massive transfusion. The transfusion reactions are grouped in (1) risks in connection with the technique and physics of transfusion (cooling, air embolism, microaggregation, circulatory overload), (2) biochemical-metabolic risks (citrate intoxication, acidity, coagulation deficiencies), (3) immunological-serological risks (allergic and hemolytic reaction, addendum: pyrogenic reaction), (4) dangers of infection (bacteria: septic-toxic reaction, protozoae: malaria, viruses: herpes group, cytomegaly, hepatitis). In order to cut down the overall frequency of transfusion reactions, the use of blood derivatives instead of whole blood has been described.
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PMID:[Risks to donor and recipient in blood collection and blood transfusion]. 55 63

The causes of disqualification in a volunteer blood donor population for a period of two years were analyzed. Of 138,436 prospective volunteer blood donors, 24,327 (17.6%) donors were disqualified. Phlebotomy was unsuccesful in 721 (0.5%) donors and blood was drawn from 113,388 (81.9%) eligible donors. The majority of rejections were due to medical history findings (61.0% of all rejections). The ten leading causes of disqualification were: low hemoglobin/hematocrit, medication, allergies, signs and symptoms, high blood pressure, illness in last month, hepatitis and hepatitis exposure, malaria and travel overseas, atypical antibodies, and high serum bilirubin. Hepatitis B surface antigen was detected in 82 donors out of 114.746 donors tested (0.07%).
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PMID:Causes of disqualification in a volunteer blood donor population. 59 14

The hepatic manifestations were studied in 65 patients having uncomplicated primary attacks of vivax and falciparum malaria. Hepatomegaly due to a "non-specific reactive hepatitis" occurred in 57% of cases. Jaundice occurred in 15% of patients and was invariably associated with hepatomegaly. The clinical syndromes of jaundice and hepatomegaly in uncomplicated primary attacks of malaria have to be distinguished from those related to disorders like viral hepatitis, hepatic amoebiasis, typhoid hepatitis, infectious mononucleosis and Q fever. The causes for the jaundice and the pathogenesis for the hepatic lesions have been discussed.
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PMID:Jaundice and hepatomegaly in primary malaria. 79 14

The risks of morbidity and mortality associated with transfusion are so great that no transfusion should be given until it is decided that it is absolutely necessary and then only with the utmost care. The unfavorable effects of transfusion reviewed are: hemolytic reaction; bacterial contamination; febrile reaction due to leukoagglutinins; urticaria; anaphylaxis; problems associated with the transfusion of excess potassium, ammonia, and acid; transmission of hepatitis, cytomegalic inclusion disease, toxoplasmosis, and malaria; pulmonary insufficiency; air embolism; and circulatory overload.
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PMID:Adverse effects of transfusions. 126 10

Much progress has been made towards reaching an understanding of immune responses at the molecular level. This has provided much needed information for identifying the antigens which will afford protection against diseases such as rabies, malaria, whooping cough, hepatitis and acquired immune deficiency syndrome, and for presenting them to the immune system.
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PMID:Vaccines. 136 61

WHO finds that the health services and the health systems in India have improved. For example, India has made considerable improvement in expansion of health services to rural areas (7-10% expansion) and to the poor. Further, allocation to the minimum needs program, according to the state sector plan, has risen from 42.6% to 50%. In addition, infant and maternal mortality rates have fallen. Improved immunization coverage, prenatal care services, diarrhea prevention, malaria control, and contraceptive use have all contributed to the reduction in infant and maternal deaths. Health and welfare programs have generally institutionalized the primary health care concept of community participation. Training for health workers, policymakers, and personnel from nongovernmental organizations has expanded. Nevertheless, life expectancy has essentially not changed. Besides, WHO notes that the disease patterns have not changed. Some regions of India have disease patterns of developed countries, however. India has the highest number of malaria cases in southeastern Asia (almost 71%) and the second highest number of women with anemia. The number of HIV-positive and AIDS cases is growing. More than 374 million people are at risk of lymphatic filariasis, and Japanese encephalitis has become entrenched in India. 5% of the population are positive for hepatitis viruses. 1% have iodine deficiency disorders.
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PMID:WHO commends India. 145 31

Mortality trends of missionary staff serving in sub-Saharan Africa were tracked for the period 1945-1985. For 1945-1970, when more complete incidence data were available, the missionary death rate was approximately 40% lower, after adjustment, than would be expected in a comparable US population. This trend persisted through 1985. Between 1945 and 1970, the largest number of fatalities was attributable to malignancy, atherosclerosis, accidents, and infectious disease, and the greatest mortality risks, compared with the US experience, were from homicides, the complications of pregnancy, and infections, notably malaria, hepatitis, and polio. Beginning in the late 1950s, motor vehicle accidents became the leading cause of death. Since the 1960s, accidental causes of death have been approximately 50% higher than in the US, and homicides have been four times higher. During this same period, the infectious disease death rate decreased to approximately that within the US. Currently, the leading causes of mortality are motor vehicle accidents, malignancy, and atherosclerosis, followed by other accidental causes, notably aircraft mishaps and drownings. Viral hepatitis is presently the leading infectious disease cause of death. Other contemporary lethal infections include malaria, rabies, typhoid, Lassa fever, and retroviral infection. It was concluded that missionaries in sub-Saharan Africa had a death rate approximately half that expected in a comparable domestic control population. Preventive strategies, particularly relative to accident and infectious disease prevention, could effectively reduce mortality risk further.
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PMID:Mortality trends of American missionaries in Africa, 1945-1985. 162 93


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