Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The visual disturbances of 45 patients following open heart surgery could be divided into disturbances of (1) visual acuity, (2) visual accuracy, and (3) visual reality testing. The non-hallucinatory phenomena consisted mainly of loss of colour vision, metamorphopsias, visual gnostic disorders and cortical blindness. The hallucinatory phenomena could be divided into the delirium type of hallucinations with clouding of consciousness and the spectator type of hallucinations with a clear sensorium. The causes of the visual symptomatology and cardiac psychoses are seen in microembolization and/or ischemic hypoxia. The basal ganglia and the occipital lobe are areas of predilection for embolic and hypoxic changes. Identical psychoses also occur in cerebral malaria and polycythemia vera which show the same embolic and anoxic neuropathological changes of vascular occlusion as do many patients who die following open heart surgery with extracorporal circulation.
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PMID:Psychopatho-ophthalmology, gnostic disorders, and psychosis in cardiac surgery. Visual disturbances after open heart surgery. 698 25

Psychotic states are mimicked by the use of many drugs including amphetamines, cannabis, lysergic acid diethylamide, psilocybin, mescaline, isoniazid, and L-dopa. A paranoid psychotic picture in a clear sensorium is characteristic of amphetamine psychosis. In developing countries, malaria among other diseases is a frequent indicator of chloroquine administration. The present communication reports a series of chloroquine-induced psychosis in a clear sensorium simulating affective illness, such as mania, mixed affective states, or depression. The psychosis disappeared after cessation of the drug, combined with or without the use of low dosage phenothiazines in excited patients. From our cases, two types of presentation of chloroquine psychosis could be seen: (1) psychic with clear sensorium, mood changes, alteration in motor activity, delusions, and hallucinations; and (2) psycho-organic with clouded sensorium, disorientation, and fleeting hallucinations. The precise nature of the mechanism of the psychosis is not clear because of the limited number of reported cases.
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PMID:Chloroquine psychosis: a chemical psychosis? 731 Sep 24

A self-limiting psychosis characterized by visual and auditory hallucinations and isomnia occurred in a 17-year old male after mefloquine administration for presumed chloroquine resistant falciparum malaria. The attending physician failed to recognise the association between mefloquine and psychosis.
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PMID:Acute psychosis after mefloquine: a case report. 770 58

A 40-year-old man with no history of neuropsychiatric illness was taking one 250-mg tablet of mefloquine (MFQ) weekly for malaria prophylaxis while in Tanzania. He experienced no adverse reaction in association with his first two doses. Concurrently with both his third and his fourth dose he consumed about half a litre of whisky. On both occasions he experienced hallucinations, paranoid delusions and suicidal ideation. Thereafter he continued taking the MFQ, abstained completely from ethanol ingestion and had no recurrence of psychiatric symptoms. It is hypothesized that the combination of MFQ and ethanol caused the two episodes of severe psychiatric disturbance.
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PMID:Adverse reaction to mefloquine associated with ethanol ingestion. 785 99

A self-limiting psychosis characterized by visual and auditory hallucinations with or without aggressive behavior developed in two children 4 to 5 days after complete recovery from a cerebral malaria coma. Both patients had no family history of psychosis and were neurologically and mentally normal before the acute disease. A long-term prospective study to define the precise clinical spectrum of such manifestations in survivors of childhood cerebral malaria seems necessary.
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PMID:Psychosis after cerebral malaria in children. 812 Sep 32

A 23 year old man with no history of neurological or psychiatric illness ingested three weekly 228 mg doses of mefloquine base (250 mg salt) as malaria prophylaxis while in India. He experienced an increasingly severe adverse reaction after each dose, including symptoms of paranoia, hallucinations, and suicidal ideation. The man discontinued mefloquine and continued malaria prophylaxis with chloroquine. Shortly after the first 300 mg dose of chloroquine base (500 mg chloroquine phosphate salt), symptoms acutely intensified and became debilitating. Severe symptoms persisted for 12 months following the discontinuation of both antimalarial drugs.
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PMID:A severe adverse reaction to mefloquine and chloroquine prophylaxis. 1033 Jul 49

Two observations of severe neuropsychiatric reactions occurring during chemoprophylaxis with mefloquine are reported. The first case regards a 43 years old woman who developed a severe depression with visual and auditive hallucinations and a paranoid delusion. She was treated by clomipramine and risperidone. The second case concerns a 55 years old man who developed an acute psychosis with confusion. He was treated with halopridol during a short time. He presented twice an acute psychosis during a chemoprophylaxis with mefloquine. Several cases of neuropsychiatric side effects with mefloquine chemoprophylaxis or treatment have been described. Authors estimate that one of 250 therapeutic users has severe neuropsychiatric reactions, compared with one of 10,000 to 15,000 in the prophylaxis users. Disorders could last from 15 minutes to several weeks. Women and patients with personal or familial antecedents of psychiatric disorders are more frequently concerned. Alcohol and the association with other antimalarial drugs (like quinine) are two other risk factors. Therefore, some advices may be suggested regarding the use of mefloquine for malaria prophylaxis and treatment.
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PMID:[Neuropsychiatric symptoms in preventive antimalarial treatment with mefloquine: apropos of 2 cases]. 1106 42

Psychiatric manifestations of cerebral malaria have been described for a while. The purpose of this study was conducted to describe this type of clinical manifestations of malaria among inpatients admitted at the psychiatric department in Dakar, Senegal from 1998 to 1999 (2 years) based on personnal observations. During this period. 1 male and 3 females, 13 to 22 years old, presented psychiatric disorders represented by mental confusion, delirium syndrom with zoopsia, visual hallucinations, motor agitation associated to other malarial clinical features: fever, headache, shiver, sweating and belious vomiting. All the patients were smear blood positive to Plasmodium falciparum with a parasiteamia between 2524 to 61500 parasites per ml. No psychiatric history was noted among them. Antimalarial treatment was used associated either with neuroleptic or tranquilliser. All of them recovered after 12 to 31 days of hospitalization (mean lengh of slay = 20 days). Psychotropic treatment was stopped after 15 days and no relapse was observed after 1 year of follow-up. The autors focus on the importance of psychiatric manifestations of cerebral malaria especially in endemic area like Senegal. They also insist on the possiblities of misdiagnosis and though a delay for an early and effective management.
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PMID:[Mental disorders in cerebral malaria]. 1577 59

Mefloquine is indicated as oral treatment and as prophylaxis for malaria in areas where chloroquine-resistant malaria is present. Gastrointestinal and neuropsychiatric side effects of mefloquine are well known. More severe neuropsychiatric disorders such as psychosis, depression, hallucinations, and seizures are also reported in the literature. We are reporting a case of drug-induced pneumonia due to mefloquine. This diagnosis was confirmed 4 months after the adverse event, after restarting the same malaria prophylaxis, which could be considered as an unintentional provocation test. This is the third case report in the literature of acute lung injury caused by mefloquine.
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PMID:Mefloquine-induced pneumonitis. 1670 49

Recent studies of military personnel who have deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan have reported a number of combat-related psychiatric disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and traumatic brain injury. This case report involves a 27-year-old male active-duty US military service member who developed severe depression, psychotic hallucinations, and neuropsychological sequelae following the prophylactic use of the antimalarial medication mefloquine hydrochloride. The patient had a recent history of depression and was taking antidepressant medications at the time of his deployment to the Middle East. Psychiatrists and other health care providers should be aware of the possible neuropsychiatric side effects of mefloquine in deployed military personnel and should consider the use of other medications for malaria prophylaxis in those individuals who may be at increased risk for side effects.
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PMID:Severe neuropsychiatric reaction in a deployed military member after prophylactic mefloquine. 2293 3


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