Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lymphatic filariasis, in the Archipelago of Vanuatu, is due to Wuchereria bancrofti. The vector is Anopheles farauti, endophilic mosquito, which transmits also malaria. The level of endemicity was very high in the beginning of this century (microfilariae in blood: 60.9%, elephantiasis: 21%), and has dramatically decline now by detection and treatment of sick people (70 cases in 1986), mass chimioprophylaxis and protection against the vectors. But these actions must be continued to obtain the eradication of filariasis in the Vanuatu.
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PMID:[Lymphatic filariasis in Vanuatu]. 289 56

In Yishan County, Guangxi Province, China, where malaria and Brugian filariasis are transmitted by vectors belonging to the Anopheles hyrcanus Pallas group, a study was conducted from June to November 1986 to evaluate the effectiveness of permethrin-impregnated mosquito bednets to reduce man/vector contact. In three experimental villages a total of 246 mosquito nets were treated with permethrin EC at a dosage of 0.5 g/m2. Control bioassays (1 h exposure) of treated nets gave up to 100% mortality of Armigeres subalbatus (Coquillett), Anopheles sinensis Wiedemann and Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles for up to 19 weeks. During 5 months evaluation in the villages, permethrin-impregnated mosquito-nets reduced the number of mosquitoes found inside nets by 99.3% for Culex quinquefasciatus Say, by 94.4% for Anopheles sinensis Wiedemann and by 75% for Anopheles lesteri anthropophagus Xu & Feng. This measure could thus be considered an appropriate means of controlling vectors in villages.
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PMID:Evaluation of permethrin-impregnated mosquito-nets against mosquitoes in China. 290 84

Biotechnological tools are being used in malaria, filariasis and dengue research. The main emphasis has been on the production of reagents for immunodiagnosis and research. In this respect monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) against various species and stages of the above pathogens have been produced. It is hoped that these McAbs will be useful not only in immunodiagnosis but also for seroepidemiological applications. A DNA probe against Brugia malayi has been tested in Malaysia and was found to be sensitive and specific.
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PMID:Applications of biotechnology in parasitic diseases in Malaysia. 340 6

The number of Brazilian periodicals listed in the Index Medicus dropped from 70 in 1964 to 15 in 1983, or 78%, while the total number of listed periodicals from other countries fell only 11%. The total number of articles published in Brazil on Chagas' disease, schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, leprosy, malaria, and filariasis, and listed in the Index Medicus did not change significantly between 1965 and 1982, because, with the exception of the journal O Hospital, the Brazilian periodicals that published 74% of all articles on those diseases remained listed throughout the period considered. The predominant subjects in articles on endemic diseases were Chagas' disease and schistosomiasis, and in the later years there was a tendency to index more articles on basic than on applied research. The number of articles on Chagas' disease published by Brazilian authors directly in foreign journals increased considerably during the latter decade. Analysis of all the data together suggests that the developed countries select a specific portion of the Brazilian output of biomedical literature--which is kept listed in secondary and international publications or published directly in foreign journals--while another portion of the same output gradually loses visibility on the international scene.
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PMID:[Brazilian biomedical publications in the international scientific literature. Endemic communicable diseases]. 352 64

Parasitic infections are endemic in children in Africa, making eradication an impossibility. Therapy is directed towards the individual manifesting an imbalance in the host-parasite relationship. Sanitation education is often disappointing, and until effective vaccines are developed, drug therapy remains the only worthwhile intervention. In order for a drug to be used on a mass campaign basis, financial considerations and side effects are of primary importance. Mefloquine has been shown to be a useful second line drug for chloroquine resistant strains of malaria in our Parasitology department. Benzimidazoles in a single dose are useful for intestinal nematode infections. New drugs are now available for schistosomiasis, filariasis, and protozoan infections.
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PMID:[Antiparasitic therapy of children in Equatorial Africa]. 383 10

Mark-release-recapture experiments were carried out in Sabah, East Malaysia on the malaria and filariasis vector, Anopheles balabacensis. Samples of wild females were marked with different colours of fluorescent pigments, released in man-baited huts fitted with exit traps. Simultaneous collections and releases were also made in night-biting catches on a water buffalo and on four men. All subsequent recaptures were made in the same situation in which the mosquitoes were marked. The same individual mosquitoes were caught biting men and buffalo on different occasions and the numbers caught showed a strong preference for man over buffalo. The length of the oviposition cycle in the field was found to be 3.0 days. After blood-feeding on man in a hut, An. balabacensis were found to exit on the night or early morning. The same individual mosquitoes were found resting in the hut or exit trap on different occasions. The results indicate that there is strong evidence for the existence of genetic variability in the tendency of An. balabacensis to rest in houses and to bite man and buffalo. The obvious existence of this phenomenon is considered discouraging for the prospects of interruption of malaria transmitted by An. balabacensis in nature.
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PMID:Evidence for the existence of genetic variability in the tendency of Anopheles balabacensis to rest in houses and to bite man. 383 2

An epidemiological survey of filariasis and malaria in Banggi Island and Upper Kinabatangan, Sabah, revealed microfilarial rates of 7.2% and 8.6% respectively and malaria prevalence of 9.7% and 16.9% respectively. Wuchereria bancrofti was a rural nocturnally periodic type with a periodicity index of 137.2 and average peak hour at 01.32 hrs; 9.2% of microfilaremic carriers as compared to 2.4% amicrofilaremic subjects had clinical filariasis. The Plasmodium falciparum: P. vivax: P. malariae ratios were 1:1:0.17 and 1.4:1:0.12 for Banggi and Upper Kinabatangan respectively. Anopheles flavirostris was incriminated as a new malaria vector in Banggi where the well-known primary malaria vector is An. balabacensis. The latter was also found for the first time to be a vector of rural W. bancrofti in Upper Kinabatangan. Experimental feeding also showed that L3 larvae of W. bancrofti were recovered at low rates from An. balabacensis. Aedes togoi appeared to be a suitable laboratory vector for W. bancrofti.
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PMID:Bancroftian filariasis and malaria in island and hinterland populations in Sabah, Malaysia. 389 98

This paper offers a quantitative evaluation of the scientific information produced in Brazil on several endemic diseases: Chagas' disease, schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, leprosy, malaria and filariasis. The source of data was the Index Medicus Latino Americano (IMLA), and the published scientific information was analyzed in general and specifically, by type of disease and year of publication. The indexed production of articles on the material of the Latin American countries as a whole increased from 3,506 articles in 1978 to 5,528 in 1982 (for an increase of 52.7%), whereas that of Brazil alone rose from 1,781 to 2,531 (an increase of 42.1%) during the same period. The output of articles on endemic diseases totaled 703 papers (6.3% of the total indexed production). Of this total, 441 (62.7%) was on applied research and 262 (37.3%) were on basic research, and these proportions held relatively constant. Chagas' disease and schistosomiasis accounted for 75.2% of that total over the period considered. The production of papers on the diseases of interest grew 79.2%, at the same rate as that of all biomedical information published in Brazil over the period. An equilibrium was reached between the numbers of basic and applied papers. The analysis also identified the core of Brazilian periodicals that most frequently publish information on those endemics. It was also found that a large proportion of articles by Brazilian authors are published in journals of international circulation, and the foreign journals that publish papers by researchers in Brazil were identified.
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PMID:[Analysis of scientific information published in Brazil in 5 years on Chagas disease, schistosomiasis, malaria, leishmaniasis and filariasis]. 392 29

Knowledge of the behaviour of a vector is often of value in devising suitable methods for assessing control or eradication measures. Flight behaviour is particularly important, since it is during this activity of a mosquito that trapping is possible. Trapping data have proved useful in the assessment of the action of insecticides on the vectors of malaria, and there is no reason why this should not also be the case with the vectors of filariasis.In this paper the difficulties of trapping Culex pipiens fatigans by conventional means are stressed. Moreover, since flight is a dynamic process, the interpretation of flight activities from data collected by traps, which are static, is difficult. Nevetheless, the results presented, however inadequate, show that adult C. p. fatigans move about more, both by day and at night, than is usually suspected and that the subject would repay closer study.
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PMID:Observations on the flight activities of Culex pipiens fatigans in Rangoon, Burma. 422 94

In small-scale pilot trials, filarial infection can usually be reduced to low levels by oral administration of diethylcarbamazine to all the persons concerned; but in mass campaigns it is often difficult to persuade large numbers of people to swallow the tablets. In order to overcome this difficulty the authors propose that the compound be incorporated into cooking salt, as has been done with chloroquine to control malaria. There are many reasons why this method of medication should be more effective against filariasis than it has often been against malaria.Laboratory trials showed that cooking the compound in food did not make it toxic for rats or diminish its antifilarial activity. A pilot trial was carried out at Recife, Brazil, in which 1000 adults received salt containing 0.4% diethylcarbamazine (corresponding to a daily intake of 100 mg/day) for 40 days, and then salt containing 0.1% compound for a year. This medication was simple to administer; it was quite acceptable to the subjects; it caused no untoward effects; and it removed almost all the microfilariae from the blood. Administration of medicated salt (0.3%) for 18 days to another group of 1300 adults was well tolerated and produced a considerable reduction of the microfilarial load; but this short period was insufficient to remove all the microfilariae.The authors recommend that this method of administering diethylcarbamazine to large numbers of people should be investigated further to see if it could be used for mass campaigns to control filariasis.
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PMID:Control of Bancroftian filariasis by cooking salt medicated with diethylcarbamazine. 530 83


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