Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Prevention of infection by the interniste is less explored than perioperative prophylaxis. Basically, prophylaxis in internal medicine may be considered in the following situations: in case of chronic recurrent infections, in case of persisting infections, after contact with a dangerous microorganism, after contact with a potentially infectious vector, during bacteremia or in case of an anatomical defect. For some of these situations (malaria, tuberculosis, rheumatic fever) clear guidelines exist which, however, are rather based on the consensus of experts than on scientific data. For other diseases (e.g. chronic recurrent urinary tract infections) clinical studies are the basis for a rational proceeding. For a third group of situations (e.g. Lyme disease, chronic bronchitis, leak of cerebrospinal fluid, implant) neither guidance nor sufficient clinical data exist. In these cases the proceeding is individual. The basis for the decision is given by clinical observations, single studies, theoretical considerations or cost-benefit analyses.
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PMID:[Preventive use of antibiotics for internal medicine diseases]. 185 63

New quinolones have obtained a definite position in the treatment of certain sexually transmitted diseases, urinary tract infections, prostatitis, gastrointestinal infections, nosocomially acquired pulmonary infections with resistant organisms, pseudomonas infections in cystic fibrosis, and osteomyelitis. The role of the new quinolones in upper respiratory tract infections, acute or chronic bronchitis and community acquired pneumonia is far less established. Their role in selective decontamination of the gastrointestinal tract in neutropenic patients is under investigation. Future modifications may increase their usefulness for treatment of mycobacterial infections, chlamydial infections, and mycoplasma and ureaplasma infections. The structural relationship of the new quinolones with antimalarial drugs may open new perspectives for the treatment of falciparum malaria.
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PMID:The importance of the quinolones in antibacterial therapy. 228 84

Although several attempts have been made in the developed countries to study the effect of various environmental factors on morbidity, it is disappointing that in developing countries where very poor conditions exist, very little information is available on the subject. This study was therefore designed to examine the influence of the living and working environment on the state of health of two groups of Nigerian workers namely farmers and industrial workers. The study was carried out in two villages Badeku and Ewekoro. 200 farmers from Badeku and 150 industrial workers from Ewekoro were selected by appropriate sampling methods. Most of the data were obtained by means of a questionnaire administered by the authors. In addition to a detailed clinical examination of each subject, blood stool and urine specimens were obtained for laboratory investigations. A high incidence of hookworm and ascaris infection, anaemia, leg ulcer, malaria parasitaemia and onchodermatitis was found among the farmers. The industrial workers on the other hand had a higher incidence of chronic bronchitis and hypertension. Some of these findings have been attributed to poor environmental hygiene of the homes and work places, atmospheric pollution and other health hazards associated with living and working in the rural areas.
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PMID:Health and the environment-a comparative study of agricultural and industrial workers in Nigeria. 628 44

In traditional healing, practitioners use barks, leaves, nuts, fruit juices and roots, and parts of domestic animals. They practice their craft mostly in Africa, Asia, and other Third World countries, and they are variously called juju priests, diviners, herbalists, and witch doctors. Cases of achievements in their contributions to preventive and curative health have been documented. In Nigeria, clients regularly patronize both orthodox and traditional medical practitioners. Their remedies include healing the bite of the very poisonous carpet viper, chronic bronchitis, peptic ulcer, and heart problems, as well as performing uvulectomy and tonsillectomy. Quinine, the cure for malaria, was originally the ritual medicine of the Incas of Peru. It was confirmed that Azadirachta Indica (Meliaceae), the neem tree, used against malaria in Nigeria, India, and Asia, had a potent antiplasmodial activity. The plant Streblus asper, Linn (Shakhotoha Siora) is well known in Indian Ayurvedic medicine to treat fever, filariasis, dysentery, and diarrhea. The alkaloids derived from the Madagascan periwinkle Catharanthus roseus (Apocynaceae), used in a West Indian remedy for diabetes mellitus, have antitumor activity. The drug Maytensine, obtained from Mytenus ovatus Loes (Celastraceae), was found to be a powerful antitumor agent in animals. Tea made from the leaves of Osyris wightiana stimulated the flow of breast milk and also acted as a labor-inducing agent. Saponaria officinalis and Enterobbium cyclocarpum are both used in Egypt and Tanzania as spermicide contraceptives. A 1985 survey in Cross River State, Nigeria, demonstrated that 165 (61%) of respondents went to traditional healers for treatment. Part of their continued popularity is the person-centered approach that is virtually lacking in orthodox hospitals, although this humanistic approach to therapy is gradually gaining inroads into Western medical education. The services of both kinds of medicine could be harmonized by open-minded appraisal, identification of positive aspects, and acceptance of their complimentary nature.
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PMID:Exploration of the frontiers of tradomedical practices: basis for development of alternative medical healthcare services in developing countries. 841 Sep 12

Highly effective medicinal herbs are being used successfully in China to treat malaria, for example, using Ching Hao Su, an extract from wormwood. There are 5000 varieties of medicinal herbs cataloged, some more effective than western drugs. China's barefoot doctors investigate diseases and collect effective drugs, one of which is Muching which has been highly effective in treating chronic bronchitis. Salvia miltiorrhiza, used in ancient times to activate blood circulation, is used to treat coronary artery diseases and has proved effective in 87% of angina pectoris cases. Medicinal herbs are used to treat burns, hypertension, and cancer and, although the herbs are readily available and inexpensive, they work slowly. Using medicinal herbs, a Shansi Medical College affiliated hospital successfully treated over 800 cases of extra-uterine pregnancy and, in 90% of the cases, no surgery was performed. Treatment showed medicinal herbs checked bleeding, improved circulation, and eradicated blood clots. Research is being conducted with herbal prescriptions to find safer, more effective and convenient contraceptives for men and women. A breakthrough for the Institute of Medicine of the Chinese Academy of Medicine Sciences was seen in the successful cultivation of gastrodia elata which has been used for 2000 years to treat dizziness, headaches, and infantile coma.
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PMID:China: a new medicine born of tradition. 1230 32

Herbal remedies have become popular, due in part to the lower risk of adverse reactions. Thousands of plants have been used traditionally to treat various diseases. Among them, species of the genus Piper are important medicinal plants used in various systems of medicine. The Piper longum fruit has been used in traditional medicine, including the Ayurvedic system of medicine. Although there are numerous indications for its use, controlled trials are needed to determine its efficacy. The primary constituents isolated from various parts of P. longum are piperine, piperlongumine, sylvatin, sesamin, diaeudesmin piperlonguminine, pipermonaline, and piperundecalidine. It is most commonly used to treat chronic bronchitis, asthma, constipation, gonorrhea, paralysis of the tongue, diarrhea, cholera, chronic malaria, viral hepatitis, respiratory infections, stomachache, bronchitis, diseases of the spleen, cough, and tumors. This study provides detailed information about the P. longum fruit, including phytochemistry, pharmacological profile and safety profile. In view of the commercial, economic, and medicinal importance of the P. longum plant, it is useful for researchers to study the plant in detail.
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PMID:Overview for various aspects of the health benefits of Piper longum linn. fruit. 2170 57

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) represents a syndrome that can complicate many clinical conditions and may be life-threatening, requiring prompt treatment. It is recognized by the signs of acute- or subacute-onset cough, hemoptysis, diffuse radiographic pulmonary infiltrates, anemia, and hypoxemic respiratory distress. DAH is characterized by the accumulation of intra-alveolar red blood cells originating most frequently from the alveolar capillaries. It must be distinguished from localized pulmonary hemorrhage, which is most commonly due to chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, tumor, or localized infection. Hemoptysis, the major sign of DAH, may develop suddenly or over a period of days to weeks; this sign may also be initially absent, in which case diagnostic suspicion is established after sequential bronchoalveolar lavage reveals worsening red blood cell counts. The causes of DAH can be divided into infectious and noninfectious, the latter of which may affect immunocompetent or immunodeficient patients. Pulmonary infections are rarely reported in association with DAH, but they should be considered in the diagnostic workup because of the obvious therapeutic implications. In immunocompromised patients, the main infectious diseases that cause DAH are cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, invasive aspergillosis, Mycoplasma, Legionella, and Strongyloides. In immunocompetent patients, the infectious diseases that most frequently cause DAH are influenza A (H1N1), dengue, leptospirosis, malaria, and Staphylococcus aureus infection. Based on a search of the PubMed and Scopus databases, we review the infectious diseases that may cause DAH in immunocompetent patients.
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PMID:Infectious diseases causing diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in immunocompetent patients: a state-of-the-art review. 2312 13