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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case-control study was carried out to explore possible risk factors of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) in Taiwan. One hundred thirty-one PHC patients and 207 hospital control patients were interviewed and blood samples were collected for blood type and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection marker tests. Eighty-three percent of the PHC patients were found to be hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive as compared with 21.0% of the control patients with an odds ratio (OR) of 21.5. Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive status increased the risk of PHC. No significant association was observed between erythrocyte genetic markers and PHC, except c of the Rh system, which was significantly lower in the PHC cases. As compared with the control patients, the PHC patients had a higher proportion with a history of liver diseases and more siblings affected with liver diseases. However, the variables such as cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, peanut consumption, frequent intake of raw fish, heart diseases, peptic ulcer, malaria, hypertension, diabetes, color blindness, G-6-PD deficiency, surgical operation, blood transfusion, and liver diseases of parents and children were not found to be associated with PHC.
Cancer 1988 Nov 01
PMID:A case-control study of primary hepatocellular carcinoma in Taiwan. 284 88

The recognition of Burkitt lymphoma (BL) as a clinical syndrome and a pathological entity in African children resulted from astute clinical observations (bedside epidemiology), the availability of cancer registry data and accurate pathological interpretation. Following the early studies in Africa, it soon became evident that this tumor occurred worldwide and the excess of cases in Africa was an incidence phenomenon associated with specific environmental factors. The sentinel discovery of the Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and its association with BL stimulated a wide variety of scientific investigations which have had an impact of virtually every discipline and biology. Epidemiological observations linked to modern laboratory techniques have provided etiological insights which implicate specific environmental factors and genetic events in the pathogenesis of BL and other immunoproliferative diseases. Early infection with EBV and holoendemic malaria are clearly of paramount importance in the development of endemic BL (eBL). These factors do not play a role in the majority of sporadic BL (sBL) cases, but immunosuppression and T-cell deregulation almost certainly are common denominators. The final or principle genetic event in both instances would appear to be the chromosome 8 translocation involving the c-myc oncogene and structural alteration. It is expected that the BL model will continue to be a useful one for identifying basic mechanisms in carcinogenesis which may be applicable as well to a variety of non-neoplastic diseases.
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PMID:Malignant lymphoma in African children: three decades of discovery. 285 87

The ubiquitous, DNA herpesvirus, EBV, has B cell tropism and the geographically restricted RNA retrovirus, ATLV/HTLV-I has T cell tropism. Clinical descriptions by Burkitt and Takatsuki led to discovery of these viruses which infect silently early in life; however, ATLV is also transmitted to a spouse or by blood transfusion. In normal seropositive persons both viruses infect only 1 in about 10,000 B or T cells, respectively. EBV is associated with Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and infectious mononucleosis. ATLV is associated with adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma and smoldering T cell lymphoma. EBV infects polyclonally and is controlled by multiple cellular and humoral control mechanisms. Escape from immune surveillance as in immune deficient African children with malaria, males with x-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome, organ transplant recipients, and AIDS patients permits conversion from polyclonal to oligoclonal and finally, monoclonal malignancy. T cell immune defects permit proliferation of cells which undergo molecular and/or cytogenetic alterations. In contrast to EBV, which is integrated and nonintegrated in B cells, ATLV is monoclonally integrated. Viral transforming proteins and immune suppressive substances are produced. Immune deficiency in silent carriers of ATLV and in those with smoldering ATL suggest that immune surveillance deters emergence of ATL. Prevention of primary infection by vaccination against these lymphotropic viruses, and use of immunotherapy and antiviral drugs may potentially retard conversion of infected B or T cells to monoclonal malignancy.
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PMID:Lymphotropic viruses, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human T-cell lymphotropic virus-I (HTLV-I)/adult T-cell leukemia virus (ATLV), and HTLV-III/human immune deficiency virus (HIV) as etiological agents of malignant lymphoma and immune deficiency. 288 52

Sera from 182 Zairians (99 females and 83 males), aged 5 to 71 years, including maternity and child care consultants, out-patients suffering from minor injuries and patients hospitalized for tuberculosis, malaria or trauma, were analyzed for specific antibodies to HTLV-I and HTLV-III. Following pre-screening by the ELISA technique, reactive sera were further analyzed for specificity to HTLV-I or HTLV-III antigens by competition and/or Western blotting experiments. African sera, possibly because they have higher immunoglobulin levels than US and European sera, are highly reactive in ELISA systems and confirmatory assays are essential to rule out false-positive results. Confirmed antibody prevalence for HTLV-I was 13.2% (II females and 13 males) and increased with age, suggesting continuous exposure to the virus throughout life. Confirmed antibody prevalence for HTLV-III was 6.0% (8 females and 3 males) and showed a peak age range between 21 and 40 years, suggesting heterosexual transmission. Individuals positive for HTLV-I antibodies were not the same as individuals positive for HTLV-III antibodies, suggesting that infection with one virus did not increase susceptibility to infection by the other virus. Further investigations of the epidemiology and of the immunovirology of HTLV-III in Zaire, in relation to acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated pathologies, should enlighten the question of the significant percentage of HTLV-III-infected individuals who do not manifest symptoms of AIDS.
Int J Cancer 1985 Sep 15
PMID:Type-I and type-III HTLV antibodies in hospitalized and out-patient Zairians. 299 73

Burkitt's lymphoma, characterized by jaw and abdominal tumors, is the most common early childhood malignancy in Central Africa and well-known in the United States, with only sporadic reports coming from other countries. Considered to be the fastest growing tumor in man, it is thought to be of viral etiology with warm, humid climate and malaria regarded as co-factors. This is the first case of Burkitt's lymphoma reported from Greece.
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PMID:Non-endemic Burkitt's lymphoma. 308 11

The interaction between aflatoxin and malaria was tested for its usefulness as a model for hepatic tumor induction in rats. Male Buffalo rats which received aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) followed by Plasmodium berghei infection developed more preneoplastic lesions in the liver compared to those given AFB1 alone. No preneoplastic lesions were found in the liver of control and malarial-treated animals. These findings suggest that the malarial parasite facilitates liver tumor development initiated by AFB1 in rats.
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1986
PMID:Enhancing effects of rodent malaria on aflatoxin B1-induced hepatic neoplasia. 309 31

Traditionally, blood rheology tests have been used in diagnosis and monitoring of infection, rheumatic diseases and malignancy, and are still of clinical value in these conditions. In the last twenty years, clinical and epidemiological studies have shown that the haematological determinants of blood flow resistance (haematocrit, fibrinogen, white cell count and altered red and white cell rigidity) are also associated with nutritional, metabolic, endocrine and vascular disorders. Decreased red cell deformability may contribute to reduced red cell survival and anaemia in burns, malaria, liver disease and kidney failure. In trauma and inflammatory disease, overt hyperviscosity is usually prevented by vasodilatation and reduction in the haematocrit. However, low-flow states may arise systemically from haemoconcentration (contracted plasma volume, Chapter 3) in severe burns, inappropriate red cell transfusion, or dehydration due to illness; systemically in circulatory shock; and locally in venous thrombosis or arterial disease. In such circumstances, the intrinsic flow resistance of blood may perpetuate flow disturbance, ischaemia and thrombosis. Conversely, optimal levels of haematocrit, fibrinogen and white cell count may be lower than normal in low-flow states. Haemodilution by colloid infusion is beneficial in burns, shock, major surgery, prevention of postoperative venous thrombosis, chronic stable claudication and possibly in acute stroke and retinal vein thrombosis. Plasma exchange may be beneficial in severe Raynaud's phenomenon. Defibrination with ancrod is effective in prevention and treatment of venous thrombosis but its role in arterial disease is unproven. The benefits of streptokinase therapy in venous thrombo-embolism and acute myocardial infarction may be partly rheological, due to fibrinogen depletion. Drugs with rheological effects may be beneficial in intermittent claudication.
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PMID:Blood rheology in general medicine and surgery. 332 67

Within a 2 month period 131 Ethiopian immigrants were admitted for treatment at a general hospital in Jerusalem. There were 52 patients with malaria, 13 with typhoid fever, 24 with pneumonia, seven with tuberculosis, nine with shigella and 11 with campylobacter. Over three-quarters of these patients were anaemic. In the majority of cases anaemia was normocytic and was most probably secondary to malaria and other intercurrent infections. The prevalence of diffuse non-toxic goitre was 7% in children and 19% in adults with a male to female ratio of 4:13. A positive rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test was found in 4% of sera tested and a positive HBsAg in 13%. IgG antibodies to HBc antigen were found in 75% of subjects. All patients with infectious diseases responded to therapy and, despite their poor condition at arrival, there were no fatalities and no late sequelae. The high HBsAg carrier state calls attention to the risk of vertical transmission by infected mothers and underlines the need for active immunization of infants at risk. The high prevalence of untreated tuberculosis and malaria poses a potential public health hazard, but with the current systematic screening of this population leading to identification and effective treatment of affected subjects, chances for the practical eradication of malaria and tuberculosis are excellent. Finally, the large scale transfer of a population from rural Africa to a modern and largely urban society presents a unique opportunity for a prospective study of the impact of environment on the emergence of diseases which plague modern society such as diabetes, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, hypertension and cancer.
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PMID:Medical problems in Ethiopian refugees airlifted to Israel: experience in 131 patients admitted to a general hospital. 346 61

Pre- and post syndrome sera from five Burkitt's lymphoma patients who partook in the Ugandan prospective study (A. Geser et al., Int. J. Cancer 29 (1982) 397-400) were investigated with respect to autoantibodies. Neighbours and siblings of these patients served as controls and all of these groups were compared with sera from 50 Caucasian normal controls (CNC). Antibody levels significantly higher than those in CNC were found in all African groups for actin, desmin, vimentin, tubulin, keratin, laminin, and collagen type I. Polyclonal B-cell activation, as measured by antibodies to DNP, and high levels of antibodies to P. falciparum were also found. Anti-DNP and antibodies to malaria were also present in sera from our earlier study on Burkitt's lymphoma (E. Vainio et al., Clin. exp. Immunol. 54 (1983) 387-396). Whereas EBV infected B cells do produce autoantibodies, there is a potentiation of autoantibody formation as a result of infection with malaria, which seems to provide an independent trigger of polyclonal B cell activation. This latter event might be one of the factors which results in a correlation of Burkitt's lymphoma with malaria endemic regions.
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PMID:Autoantibodies in Burkitt's lymphoma patients from the Ugandan prospective study. 351 27

The distribution of anionic residues on the surface of erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium falciparum was studied using cationized ferritin (CF) and transmission electron microscopy. CF staining of uninfected erythrocytes or erythrocytes infected with a knobless variant resulted in a dense and uniform distribution of ferritin particles; however, when red cells infected with a knob-inducing variant were exposed to CF, aggregates of ferritin particles were observed in the region of membrane elevation. Lectin binding to the erythrocyte surface was visualized by transmission electron microscopy using ferritin-conjugated lectins and lectin-fetuin-gold. No differences were observed in the lectin-binding patterns of malaria-infected or uninfected erythrocytes using WGA (wheat-germ agglutinin), RCA (ricin), and Limax flavus lectin. In distinct contrast to the uniform distribution of ferritin particles seen with these lectins was the appearance of clusters of ferritin-ConA over the knobby regions. Localized aggregates of ConA were not seen in knob-free areas or on the surface of red cells infected with a knobless variant. No significant differences were found in the agglutination reactions of normal and infected cells with the Cancer antennarius lectin specific for O-acylated sialic acids.
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PMID:Plasmodium falciparum: regional differences in lectin and cationized ferritin binding to the surface of the malaria-infected human erythrocyte. 352 94


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