Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Only recently has it been recognized that hemotropic animal parasites of the genus babesia are also human pathogens. Similar to malaria in both symptoms and laboratory findings, acute babesiosis generally results in self-limited illness, but it can be fatal in the asplenic patient. The widely disseminated vector tick, Ixodes dammini, can transmit infection at each stage of its development, larva and nymph as well as adult.
 ...
PMID:Babesia infections in man. 37 27

Human infection with blood parasites of the genus Babesia can result in a hemolytic disease very similar to malaria. Laboratory diagnosis of babesiosis is dependent upon the detection and identification of the parasite in blood films. The distinguishing criteria are: lack of pigment in infected red blood cells; no circulating schizonts or gametocytes; "atypical" malarialike organisms; tetrad groups, rods, or exclamation-mark forms; and persisting parasitemia after treatment for malaria.
 ...
PMID:Babesiosis: malaria mimic. 56 26

An asymptomatic infection with Babesia sp. was diagnosed in an epidemiologic investigation of transfusion-acquired malaria. This is the seventh human piroplasmosis infection that has been reported in the literature.
 ...
PMID:A case of asymptomatic babesiosis in Georgia. 94 2

Eperythrozoon coccoides and Haemobartonella muris produced in mice and rats respectively, essentially the same disease, characterized by anaemia, splenomegaly and in severe cases, haemoglobinuria with death. In both infections anaemia was associated with phagocytosis of erythrocytes by monocytes of the spleen, and with the presence of cold-active haema-glutinin for trypsinized red cells (CAH). An antigen similar to the serum antigen (SA) associated with acute malaria and babesiosis was also found in the blood of the anaemic animals. One or two days later antibody to SA (ABSA) was detected and for several days thereafter, both SA and ABSA could be detected in plasma samples. Anaemia crisis with haemoglobinuria was better correlated with the appearance of ABSA than with the presence of CAH. It is suggested that CAH, and complexes of SA and ABSA could have acted as anaemia factors and were in part causal in the sequestration or haemolysis of erythrocytes during acute infection.
 ...
PMID:Autoimmune factors associated with anaemia in acute Haemobartonella and Eperythrozoon infections of rodents. 94 46

Cerebral complications are important, but poorly understood pathological features of infections caused by some species of Plasmodium and Babesia. Patients dying from P. falciparum were classified as cerebral or non-cerebral cases according to the cerebral malaria coma scale. Light microscopy revealed that cerebral microvessels of cerebral malaria patients were filled with a mixture of parasitized and unparasitized erythrocytes, with 94% of the vessels showing parasitized red blood cell (PRBC) sequestration. Some degree of PRBC sequestration was also found in non-cerebral malaria patients, but the percentage of microvessels with sequestered PRBC was only 13%. Electron microscopy demonstrated knobs on the membrane of PRBC that formed focal junctions with the capillary endothelium. A number of host cell molecules such as CD36, thrombospondin (TSP) and intercellular adhesion molecule I (ICAM-1) may function as endothelial cell surface receptors for P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes. Affinity labeling of CD36 and TSP to the PRBC surface showed these molecules specifically bind to the knobs. Babesia bovis infected erythrocytes produce projections of the erythrocyte membrane that are similar to knobs. When brain tissue from B. bovis-infected cattle was examined, cerebral capillaries were packed with PRBC. Infected erythrocytes formed focal attachments with cerebral endothelial cells at the site of these knob-like projections. These findings indicate that cerebral pathology caused by B. bovis is similar to human cerebral malaria. A search for cytoadherence proteins in the endothelial cells of cattle may lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of cerebral babesiosis.
 ...
PMID:A study on the pathogenesis of human cerebral malaria and cerebral babesiosis. 134 6

Babesiosis is a malaria-like illness caused by the intraerythrocytic parasite Babesia microti and is transmitted by the same tick that transmits Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease. Babesiosis is well recognized in adult residents of southern New England and New York but has been described in only five children. To determine whether children are infected with B microti less often than are adults, a prospective serosurvey was carried out on Block Island, RI, where babesiosis is endemic. Randomly recruited subjects completed a questionnaire and provided a blood sample. Antibodies against B microti and B burgdorferi were measured using a standard indirect immunofluorescence assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Of 574 subjects, 9% tested positive for B microti, including 12% of the 52 children (7 months through 16 years) and 8% of the 522 adults (not significant, P less than .6). Although babesiosis had not been diagnosed in any of the Babesia-seropositive subjects, 25% of the children and 20% of the adults reported symptoms compatible with this infection during the previous year. Of the 6 children and 45 adults seropositive for B burgdorferi, 17% and 14%, respectively, were also seropositive for B microti. It is concluded that children are infected with B microti no less frequently than are adults and that this infection is underdiagnosed in all age groups. Physicians who practice where Lyme disease is endemic should become familiar with the clinical presentation and diagnosis of babesiosis, both in adults and children.
 ...
PMID:Babesiosis: an underdiagnosed disease of children. 159 45

Although the major diseases transmitted by transfusion today are AIDS and hepatitis, many others also are known. These include CMV, syphilis, Chagas disease, babesiosis, parvovirus B19, malaria, Epstein-Barr infection, and many others that have been reported only once or twice. Reducing the risk of transfusion-transmitted diseases is a problem for donor centers where donor screening and laboratory testing for possible carriers is undertaken. Physicians should be aware that the potential for disease transmission is always present when transfusions are administered.
 ...
PMID:Transfusion-transmitted diseases other than AIDS and hepatitis. 196 3

During the last 15 years, at least 35 patients with severe falciparum malaria or babesiosis have recovered following treatment by exchange of up to 10 l of blood. In a patient treated in Manchester, a parasitaemia of 2.10 X 10(6) microliters (42 per cent) was virtually eliminated over eight hours by a 3.5 litre exchange blood transfusion. However, the equipment and amounts of compatible blood required for total exchange are rarely available in areas endemic for malaria and the risks of the procedure, including transfusion-related infections, are high. Partial exchange transfusion with one to two litres of blood carried out over two to seven hours, reduced Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemias of 0.33-1.48 X 10(6)/microliters (13-38 per cent) to 0.11-0.81 X 10(6) (4-17 per cent) in six Thai patients who were receiving intravenous quinine. The reduction in parasitaemia ranged from 0.13-0.67 X 10(6) microliters (9-12 per cent) within six hours. During the same period, parasitaemia in 13 patients with cerebral malaria treated with chemotherapy alone showed little reduction from initial levels of 0.20-1.74 X 10(6)/microliters (11-42 per cent). One of the patients who were treated with exchange transfusion died with intractable hypotension before the procedure could be completed and two others developed oliguric renal failure which was controlled by peritoneal dialysis. Partial exchange transfusion is a promising and practical alternative to total exchange where facilities are limited. It deserves further assessment in the rural tropics.
 ...
PMID:Plasmodium falciparum hyperparasitaemia: use of exchange transfusion in seven patients and a review of the literature. 220 95

Fewer than 200 confirmed cases of babesiosis have been reported in the last decade. Most cases in the United States have occurred on Cape Cod, Nantucket Island, and Long Island. Babesia microti, a malaria-like protozoan that parasitizes erythrocytes, is responsible for this illness in the United States. Infection is often subclinical but may be fulminant, especially in infants, the elderly, and in asplenic patients. Symptoms are nonspecific, usually consisting of fever and myalgias. Common laboratory abnormalities include evidence of hemolysis and thrombocytopenia. We report a case of babesiosis in an elderly male manifested by high fevers, confusion, hemolytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia.
 ...
PMID:Babesiosis in a Connecticut resident. 222 9

Numerous infectious diseases are transmissible by blood, with AIDS and hepatitis being the predominant concerns today. Less in the limelight, but nonetheless blood transmissible, are cytomegalovirus infection, malaria, babesiosis, and hepatitis B. A major controversy with respect to non-A non-B hepatitis relates to the use of 'surrogate' testing of donors for ALT and hepatitis B core antibody. Transfusion-associated AIDS has been markedly reduced as a risk, due to blood donor antibody screening implemented in March 1985. However, other retroviruses such as HTLV-1, HTLV-II and HIV-II pose additional concerns regarding the safety of the blood supply, and decisions will be forthcoming regarding testing of donated blood for antibody to these viruses.
 ...
PMID:Infectious complications of blood transfusion. 305 66


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>