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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An haematological, biological, parasitological and immunological study about anaemia of pregnancy was carried out in two rural village of Mali Republic, where P. flaciparum malaria is hyper-endemic. The 25 pregnant women found in the villages were compared with 23 controls. One could observe that anaemia more often normochromic and regenerative usually appears during the second trimestre of pregnancy. Only a few cases with haemaglobin levels below 8 g. % are hypochromic. Serum transferrin levels were slightly higher among pregnant. None among 31 bone marrows examined showed megaloblastic changes. Haptoglobin levels below 10 mg. % were observed in 3/4 of the pregnant women versus 1/4 in controls. Like some others, this study confirms the primary responsability of malaria haemolysis in the aetiology of anaemia of pregnancy and the interest of systematic chemoprophylaxis, at least from the third month of pregnancy. Vitamin and iron therapy is to consider therafter in hyper-endemic areas of P. falciparum malaria when nutritional problems are not predominant.
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PMID:Malaria and anemia of pregnancy in an African savanna zone. Epidemiological, hematological, biological and immunological study of 2 villages of the Bamako region, Republic of Mali. 58 Sep 10

Two hundred and ten patients who were confirmed to have megaloblastic anemia over a 2-year period were grouped according to the month of diagnosis. A distinct seasonal variation was detectable in the occurrence of megaloblastic anemia with a high prevalence in the wet season and a low prevalence in the dry season. The major factor postulated to be responsible for the seasonal fluctuations of the disorder is the concomitant diminution in the availability of folate-rich green vegetables; and not malaria transmission. As the dry season sets in and progresses, the frequency of megaloblastic anaemia cases increases reaching a peak during the wet season. It is suggested that an adequate supply of green vegetables like lettuce, spinach and cabbage throughout the year might lessen or even eliminate the seasonal variation of megaloblastic anaemia presently observed in this community.
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PMID:Megaloblastic anaemia in Zimbabwe. 1: Seasonal variation. 274 8

Two hundred Hausa primigravidae at Zaria were divided into five groups in a randomized double-blind trial of antenatal oral antimalarial prophylaxis, and haematinic supplements. Group 1 received no active treatment. Groups 2 to 5 were given chloroquine 600 mg base once, followed by proguanil 100 mg per day. In addition, group 3 received iron 60 mg daily, group 4 folic acid 1 mg daily, and group 5 iron plus folic acid. Forty-five percent were anaemic (haemoglobin (Hb) less than 11.0 g dl-1) at first attendance before 24 weeks of gestation, and malaria parasitaemia (predominantly Plasmodium falciparum) was seen in 27%, of whom 60% were anaemic. The mean Hb fell during pregnancy in group 1, and seven patients in this group had to be removed from the trial and treated for severe anaemia (packed cell volume (PCV) less than 0.26). Only five patients in the other groups developed severe anaemia (P = 0.006), two of whom had malaria following failure to take treatment. Patients in group 1 had the lowest mean Hb at 28 and 36 weeks of gestation, and patients receiving antimalarials and iron (groups 3 and 5) had the highest Hb at 28 weeks, but differences were not significant, possibly due to removal from the trial of patients with severe anaemia. Anaemia (Hb less than 12.0 g dl-1) at six weeks after delivery was observed in 61% of those not receiving active treatment (group 1), in 39% of those protected against malaria but not receiving iron supplements (groups 2 and 4) and in only 18% of patients receiving both antimalarials and iron (groups 3 and 5). Folic acid had no significant effect on mean Hb. Proguanil was confirmed to be a highly effective causal prophylaxis. Prevention of malaria, without folic acid supplements, reduced the frequency of megaloblastic erythropoiesis from 56% to 25%. Folic acid supplements abolished megaloblastosis, except in three patients who were apparently not taking the treatment prescribed. Red cell folate (RCF) concentrations were higher in subjects with malaria, probably due to intracellular synthesis by plasmodia. Infants of mothers not receiving antimalarials appeared to have an erythroid hyperplasia. Maternal folate supplements raised infants' serum folate and RCF. Fourteen per cent had low birth weight (less than 2500 g), and the perinatal death rate was 11%; the greatest number were in group 1, but not significantly. A regime is proposed for the prevention of malaria, iron deficiency, folate deficiency and anaemia in pregnancy in the guinea savanna of Nigeria.
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PMID:The prevention of anaemia in pregnancy in primigravidae in the guinea savanna of Nigeria. 353 Jan 58

The morphology of the erythrocyte in Plasmodium falciparum infection is still obscure. In a study of 27 cases, uninfected erythrocytes were found to be thinner, but greater in diameter and surface area, than such cells in 10 normal individuals. The changes were not correlated with the severity of the disease or the degree of reticulocytosis. Megaloblastic anaemia was not present in the malaria cases.
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PMID:Red blood cell morphology in falciparum malaria. 457 16

The iron status of 120 anaemic pregnant Igbo women was investigated. Of the 120 patients whose haemoglobin was less than 10%, 30 (25%) had iron deficiency anaemia; 89 (74%) had megaloblastic anaemia (most probably due to folate deficiency), while 1 had Hb sickle cell disease. Malaria parasites were detected in only 7.5% of our patients, and seemed not to have a important factor in the causation of anaemia.
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PMID:The iron status of anaemic pregnant Igbo women in Nigeria. 728 Dec 11

Assessment of peripheral blood counts and blood film analysis are frequently performed as diagnostic procedures in emergency medicine. Far fewer situations exist, however, in which these analyses are the main clue in establishing an emergency diagnosis. Artifacts can lead to wrong diagnosis, e.g. pseudo-thrombocytopenia, which is defined as a low platelet count resulting from a laboratory artifact. Severe neutropenia (agranulocytosis) and extreme hyperleukocytosis, as well as suspicion of acute leukemia, require a rapid diagnostic work-up. A newly detected anemia should not necessarily be treated by packed red cell transfusions. The decision whether an anemic patient ought to receive transfusions should be based on the speed with which the anemia has developed, as well as on clinical judgement. As a rule a chronic anemia patient with hemoglobin above 70 g/l does not need transfusions. An uncritical transfusion policy can even cause emergencies, e.g. in patients with megaloblastic anemia or in anemic multiple myeloma patients with a hyperviscosity syndrome. An elevated hematocrit requires prompt further investigations. This is of utmost importance if one considers the diagnosis of polycythemia vera rubra, a disease in which patients are particularly prone to thrombotic complications. Fragmented red cells (schistocytes) on peripheral blood smears constitute a cardinal diagnostic clue for the detection of microangiopathic hemolytic anemias (MAHA), in particular for the diagnosis of the life-threatening thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Malaria is another example for a chief role of blood smears examination in achieving a rapid diagnosis. If one encounters an unexpected severe thrombocytopenia, a marrow examination reveals whether it is due to rapid peripheral destruction, or due to a marrow failure. Furthermore, in any patients with an unanticipated thrombocytopenia, a disseminated intravascular coagulation and a MAHA should be ruled out. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is a rare, but possibly fatal complication of therapy with heparins.
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PMID:[Emergency blood picture]. 848 74

Anaemia is a very common condition during pregnancy. This is particularly so in developing countries where the level of intake of iron rich foods is low; malaria and other intestinal parasites are common. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of anaemia and the type of anaemia existing in pregnant women in Morogoro municipality. The effect of anaemia on infant birth weight was also examined. Twenty randomly selected pregnant women in their last trimester of pregnancy were studied. The subjects were recruited from the three maternal and child health clinics in the municipality. The subjects were not taking iron, folate or vitamin B12 supplements at the time of the study. Blood samples were collected from subjects during their routine visit to maternal and child health clinics. A series of determinations was conducted to determine haemoglobin concentration (Hb); packed cell volume (PCV); red blood cells count (RBC); serum iron (SI); and total iron binding capacity (TIBC). The effect of anaemia on the weight of new born babies was examined by calculating the correlation coefficient of birth weight and haematological indexes. The mean values (SD) of haematological indexes were as follows: Hb 8.7 +/- 1.5 g/dl; PCV 30.4 +/- 5.1%; RBC 2.5 +/- 0.6 x 10(2)/l; mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) 28.9 +/- 4 g/dl; mean corpuscular volume (MCV) 151.5 +/- 120 fl and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) 35.2 +/- 7.9 pg. The results have shown that 95% of the subjects were anaemic at the time of the study. All subjects were suffering from iron, folate and vitamin B 12 deficiencies. This suggests that all subjects had a combination of microcytic and megaloblastic anaemia. The results have also shown that there was a positive correlation (r = 0.76; P = 0.01) between Hb concentration and weight of the infants at birth. Subjects who had Hb concentration of below 7.4 g/dl delivered infants that were weighing below 2500 g (mean birth weight of 2160 +/- 228 g). For those who had an Hb concentration of above 9.5 g/dl delivered infants weighing more than 3000 g (mean 3142 +/- 329 g). The mean birth weight of the infants born to anaemic subjects (Hb < 7.9 g/dl) was significantly lower compared to that of infants born to non-anaemic subjects. This observation suggests that anaemia had a significant influence on the birth weight of the infant. This could also be an indication of poor food security in general. Major causes of anaemia were identified as being poor dietary intake of iron rich foods and probably poor utilisation due to diseases such as malaria. All women had basic knowledge on anaemia. Most of the information was obtained from maternal and child health clinics (76%), schools (15%) and radio programmes (4%). However, despite their awareness on anaemia, the women were still anaemic. The main reason was lack of economic access to appropriate foods.
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PMID:Prevalence of anaemia in pregnant women during the last trimester. 934 44

Pyrimethamine is used for the treatment of toxoplasmosis and the prophylaxis of malaria. Among the well-documented side effects are megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, thrombopenia, rash, vomiting, and diarrhea. Hyperpigmentation is a very rare side effect. In some patients, associated HIV infection makes it difficult to distinguish the reasons for the etiology. We herein describe an HIV-negative patient who developed hyperpigmentation after pyrimethamine use.
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PMID:Hyperpigmentation due to pyrimethamine use. 1218 45

Pancytopenia is a common occurrence in pediatric patients. Though acute leukemias and bone marrow failure syndromes are usual causes of pancytopenia, etiologies such as infections and megaloblastic anemia also contribute. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinico-hematological profile of varying degrees of childhood cytopenias with special reference to the non-malignant presentations. This is a retrospective study carried out in a tertiary care children's hospital. We retrospectively analyzed 109 pediatric patients who presented with pancytopenia for different etiologies. Acute leukemia (including ALL, AML and myelodysplastic syndrome) and aplastic anemia accounted for 21 per cent and 20 per cent cases respectively. Megaloblastic anemia was found in 31 (28.4 per cent) patients and was single most common etiological factor. Severe thrombocytopenia (platelet < or = 20 x 10(9)/l) occurred in 25.2 per cent of these patients. Various skin and mucosal bleeding occurred in 45.1 per cent of patients with megaloblastic anemia. Infections accounted for 23 (21 per cent) patients who presented with pancytopenia. Amongst infections, enteric fever occurred in 30 per cent patients. Malaria, kala-azar and bacterial infections were other causes of pancytopenia at presentation. The study focuses on identifying easily treatable causes such as megaloblastic anemia and infections presenting with pancytopenia. These conditions though look ominous but respond rapidly to effective therapy.
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PMID:Pancytopenia in children: etiological profile. 1601 64

There is lack of information about the relative prevalence of haematological disorders in Yemen and other Middle East countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of haematological diseases diagnosed by bone marrow examination in Yemen considering the limited diagnostic facilities. At the referral haematology centre in Yemen, between November 1999 and November 2005, 785 patients >14 years old were evaluated by bone marrow examination. Relevant investigations were performed when needed. A total of 627 patients had haematological disorders other than lymphoma, and their data were analysed. There were 273 females and 354 males. A total of 159 patients had Acute myeloid leukaemia, 75 had acute lymphocytic leukaemia, 87 had chronic myeloid leukaemia, 36 chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, eight had multiple myeloma, 13 myelodysplastic syndromes, seven myelofibrosis, seven polycythaemia vera, three primary thrombocythaemia, two hairy cell leukaemia, two metastases, 36 aplastic anaemia, 29 immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), nine autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, three pernicious anaemia, 65 iron deficiency anaemia, 57 megaloblastic anaemia and malaria, 18 mixed deficiencies, and 11 patients had visceral leishmaniasis. Sex- and age-related distribution of the various disorders was also presented. In conclusion, the leukaemias were the most frequently encountered diagnosis followed by iron deficiency anaemia, megaloblastic anaemia and malaria, aplastic anaemia and ITP respectively. The other haematological disorders were less common. These findings are comparable with that seen in other developing and developed countries.
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PMID:Pattern of haematological diseases diagnosed by bone marrow examination in Yemen: a developing country experience. 1710 90


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