Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 25 year-old primigravid woman developed chronic falciparum malaria at 23 weeks' gestation. Diagnosis was suspected on splenomegaly and haemolytic anaemia but without fever and confirmed by thin smears (Plasmodium falciparum) and serologic tests. She was successfully cured with chloroquine therapy. One week after her return from Cameroon, a 28 year-old woman was seen for malaria at 32 weeks' gestation. In spite of chloroquine therapy, foetal troubles appeared and a caesarean was performed. The newborn had an APGAR coefficient of 3 points and examination both of his blood films and the placenta revealed numerous trophozoites of P. falciparum. Chloroquine resulted in a rapid cure of the child. In endemic areas, parasitaemia is more frequent and dense during pregnancy, and especially in primigravidae. However, clinical symptoms remain rare because of acquired immunity. In case of no or loss of immunity, malarial infections are heavy and abortions are frequent. Congenital malaria is probably due to transplacental transfer of infected red blood cells of the mother. In endemic areas, the incidence is low due to the simultaneously transferred immunity. Emergency treatment is necessary because of life-threatening to both mother and child.
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PMID:[Malaria of the pregnant woman and the newborn]. 181 95

We have described a patient with cerebral falciparum malaria who had rapidly progressive CNS deterioration, renal failure, hemolytic anemia associated with striking and varied erythrocyte morphologic changes, and thrombocytopenia. The initial diagnosis was thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) of unknown origin. Reexamination of the peripheral smear of this comatose patient led to correct diagnosis and effective treatment in this case of cerebral falciparum malaria--another of medicine's great mimickers.
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PMID:Cerebral falciparum malaria mimicking thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. 200 May 26

Fewer than 200 confirmed cases of babesiosis have been reported in the last decade. Most cases in the United States have occurred on Cape Cod, Nantucket Island, and Long Island. Babesia microti, a malaria-like protozoan that parasitizes erythrocytes, is responsible for this illness in the United States. Infection is often subclinical but may be fulminant, especially in infants, the elderly, and in asplenic patients. Symptoms are nonspecific, usually consisting of fever and myalgias. Common laboratory abnormalities include evidence of hemolysis and thrombocytopenia. We report a case of babesiosis in an elderly male manifested by high fevers, confusion, hemolytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia.
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PMID:Babesiosis in a Connecticut resident. 222 9

Tropical diseases are rare in childhood in European countries, but tourism and an increasing number of immigrants from countries with endemic malaria may lead to a higher incidence. Our report is about a 24 year old german pregnant who was infected with malaria tropica in Togo during the last trimester of pregnancy. Twenty days after delivery by Caesarean section one of the geminies showed symptoms of florid infection: irritability, fever, haemolytic anaemia, hepato-splenomegaly, and thrombocytopenia. Both placenta and peripheral blood smear revealed plasmodium falciparum in the erythrocytes.
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PMID:[Congenital malaria--a rare neonatal infection]. 235 29

The interaction of certain metabolites of the 8-aminoquinoline antimalarial primaquine with both normal and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-deficient erythrocytes and with haemoglobin preparations was studied in an attempt to elucidate the mechanisms of methaemoglobin formation and haemolytic anaemia associated with the use of primaquine. Studies using erythrocytes revealed that oxidation of haemoglobin and reduced glutathione (GSH) was due to the metabolites rather than the parent drug. Incubation of free haemoglobin with 5-hydroxylated metabolites of primaquine also led to oxidation of oxyhaemoglobin and GSH. Oxidation of GSH also occurred in the absence of oxyhaemoglobin. The results suggest a dual mechanism for these oxidative effects, involving autoxidation of the 5-hydroxy-8-aminoquinolines and their coupled oxidation with oxyhaemoglobin. The initial products of these processes would be drug metabolite free radicals, superoxide radical anions, hydrogen peroxide and methaemoglobin. Further free radical reactions would lead to oxidation of GSH, more haemoglobin and probably other cellular constituents. NADPH had no effect on the oxidative effects of the primaquine metabolites in these experiments. In the G6PD-deficient erythrocyte, the oxidation of haemoglobin and GSH leads to Heinz body formation and eventually to haemolysis, the mechanisms of which are as yet unclear. The possible role of oxygen free radicals in the mode of action of 8-aminoquinolines against the malaria parasite is also briefly discussed.
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PMID:Studies on the mechanisms of oxidation in the erythrocyte by metabolites of primaquine. 283 99

Ten days after his return from Cameroon, a twenty-six year old Frenchman, serving on voluntary service overseas, presented with fulminant falciparum malaria: shock, altered consciousness, haemolytic anaemia, threatening disseminated coagulation (platelets less than 150 X 10(-6).l-1; prothrombin time and Stuart factor less than 50%; fibrinogen less than 1.5 g.l-1). In spite of quinine therapy, parasitaemia increased from 4 to 35% within 24 h. Using an Haemonetics V50, the exchange of one and a half red blood cell masses was carried out with 17 red blood cell packs. Calcium gluconate was used to prevent the hypocalcaemia induced by the anticoagulant solution. The patient's platelets and plasma were completely reinjected. The result was very satisfactory. This kind of exchange, well tolerated clinically and biologically, would seem better than the classical exchange transfusion. When 10% of the red blood cells are infected by Plasmodium falciparum, it is necessary to exchange from one and a half to two blood masses. Lesser exchanges are always associated with important relapses and quinine therapy must be carried on during and after the exchange. Restricting this exchange only to red blood cells enabled the patient to benefit from his own coagulation factors, antibodies and platelets, and consequently to reduce the number of blood donors involved. However, metabolites (especially bilirubin and circulating immune complexes) were not eliminated. Partial plasmapheresis may be associated with erythropheresis using human albumin as plasma substitute. This technique needs to be assessed, in order to optimize immediate efficiency and post-transfusion infectious risk.
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PMID:[Treatment of fulminant falciparum malaria with erythrapheresis]. 304 6

Five weeks after re-induction treatment and nine days after discharge from hospital, remittent fever occurred in a 34-year-old woman with promyelocytic leukaemia in full remission. She also had haemolytic anaemia and thrombocytopenia, as well as a reduced creatinine clearance. Findings on physical examination were unremarkable, but Falciparum malaria was found in the blood smear. Infusion of erythrocyte or platelet concentrates, administered in treating the leukaemia, was the probable source of the infection. Ten days after starting the administration of chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine she was discharged from hospital, cured of the malaria.
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PMID:[Transfusion malaria in promyelocytic leukemia]. 305 88

We describe here the screening of a small group of apparently healthy individuals belonging to the tribal communities of Koya Dora and Konda Reddi. A remarkably high incidence of deletion and nondeletion alpha + thalassemia mutants has been found with allele frequencies and distributions characteristic to each tribe. We have confirmed the strict relationship between Hb S levels and the number of alpha globin genes in double heterozygotes for the S gene and alpha thalassemia. In this population sample we did not find either heterozygous carriers of alpha 0 thalassemia (deletion of both alpha genes in "cis") or individuals showing hemolytic anemia due to inactivation of three alpha-globin genes (Hb H disease). Selection by malaria is most probably responsible for the prevalence of the various alpha + thalassemia haplotypes among the two tribal populations of Andhra Pradesh.
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PMID:Prevalence and molecular heterogeneity of alfa+ thalassemia in two tribal populations from Andhra Pradesh, India. 316 39

The existence of haemolytic anaemia in malaria indicates disturbances in red cell stability due to physical as well as metabolic stress attributable to the malarial parasite. As erythrocytic reduced glutathione (GSH) is involved in maintaining the integrity of red cells, the status of erythrocytic GSH was studied in 40 patients infected with Plasmodium vivax before and after therapy with chloroquine. 40 normal subjects, age- and sex-matched, were studied as controls. The level of erythrocytic GSH of malaria patients during infection and before therapy was significantly lower in comparison with controls (P less than 0.0005). Instability of GSH was recorded in 17 of 40 patients, while none of the controls showed such a defect. There was a progressive decrease in GSH level and stability of the host red cells with increasing parasitaemia. Normal values were obtained following therapy and cure of malaria indicating that the changes in GSH level and stability are induced by P. vivax. Alterations in the GSH metabolism may represent one of the factors contributing to the severity of anaemia in malaria due to P. vivax infection.
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PMID:Reduction in erythrocytic GSH level and stability in Plasmodium vivax malaria. 332 36

Malaria is uncommonly acquired without mosquito transmission. Two patients presenting with malaria illustrate this rare phenomenon. The first was a 1-month-old child who had received an exchange blood transfusion for severe haemolytic anaemia due to ABO blood incompatibility. The second was a doctor who had taken blood from the first patient. The occurrence of both transfusion malaria and accidental malaria from the same blood transfusion must be very uncommon.
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PMID:Unusual forms of malaria transmission. A report of 2 cases. 354 51


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