Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

For the purpose of assigning priorities for research, each of the following parasitic disease is examined in regard to its affect on the nutritional status of the host: schistosomiasis, malaria, amebiasis, giardiasis, ascariasis, and hookworm. The epidemiology, diagnosis, immune response to, and available therapies for these diseases are discussed. It is suggested that highest priority be given to three diseases: hookworm, ascariasis, and schistosomiasis, because they can be treated successfully, diagnosed easily, and have a high prevalence.
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PMID:Needed research on the interactions of certain parasitic diseases and nutrition in humans. 695 53

A serological survey in the Gezira area of the Sudan confirmed that malaria and schistosomiasis were highly endemic. Of other parasitic infections amoebiasis was common but Toxoplasma was less than found in a previous survey. Poliomyelitis and measles infection were universal and there was an extremely high incidence of infection with hepatitis B. Of arboviruses infection with flaviviruses was frequent and more than with alphaviruses.
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PMID:A seroepidemiological survey in the Gezira, Sudan, with special reference to arboviruses. 721 4

Antiprotozoan drugs of choice include: chloroquine for malaria; diiodohydroxyquin for asymptomatic intestinal amebiasis; metronidazole for acute amebic colitis, extraintestinal amebiasis and trichomoniasis; quinacrine for giardiasis; quinine-pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine for chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for pneumocystis pneumonia. Anthelmintic drugs of choice include: mebendazole for roundworm, pinworm, whipworm and hookworm infections; niclosamide for tapeworm infections, and thiabendazole for trichinosis.
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PMID:Antiparasitic drugs. 735 83

A survey of blood and intestinal parasites in a coastal and a mountainous area of the remote island of Alor, southeastern Indonesia revealed widespread infection with pathogenic intestinal protozoa and helminths, malaria and filaria. Amoebiasis (31.2%), ascariasis (35.3%) and hookworm infections (28.6%) were common, reflecting primitive sanitation and hygiene. Trichuriasis rates (6.8%) were less than expected perhaps due to the prolonged dry season and soil factors in the area. Timor filariasis was found in coastal villagers (10.5%), but not in persons living at an elevation of 500 meters; a low rate of bancroftian filariasis (1.8%) was found in both areas. Malaria, caused by P. vivax, P. falciparum and P. malariae was mesoendemic. Soil-transmitted and vector-borne parasitic infections are an important health problem in the populations examined.
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PMID:Intestinal and blood parasites of man on Alor Island Southeast Indonesia. 740 53

Travellers returning from the tropics frequently consult a physician even if they have no actual symptoms. Physical check-ups in asymptomatic returnees rarely detect dangerous conditions. The most common laboratory finding is intestinal parasites. Blood eosinophilia may indicate helminthic infections, such as strongyloidosis, filariasis, schistosomiasis and others. If there are no diagnostically suggestive symptoms a systematic, step-by-step workup is recommended (stool parasitology, serology, and special methods to demonstrate parasites in blood or tissues). The most common symptom of returnees from the tropics is diarrhea, or other disorders of intestinal motility. Appropriate investigations include parasitological and bacteriological tests, and--if the course is more chronic--endoscopy. If diarrhea is associated with fever, systemic infections (e.g. falciparum malaria) must be considered. Fever as a leading sign may mask a number of potentially dangerous infections. If there are no other obvious signs or symptoms indicating a particular etiology, the diagnostic approach should consider first of all those systemic infections, which are potentially life-threatening and can be cured by specific therapy, i.e. bacterial meningitis, falciparum malaria, septicemia (including typhoid fever), extraintestinal amebiasis, and African trypanosomiasis.
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PMID:[The traveler returning from the tropics in clinical practice]. 787 99

In all patients with fever after returning from tropical countries malaria must be excluded. Amebic liver abscess is an important differential diagnosis, especially in patients with pain in the right epigastrium. In all patients with diarrhea after returning from tropical countries amebic colitis is an important differential diagnosis. The diagnosis of malaria is based on microscopical demonstration of the parasite in blood slides. In patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria the extent of organ complications has to be checked. The diagnosis of intestinal amebiasis rests on parasitological stool examination. Amebic liver abscess is diagnosed by demonstration of the liver abscess in imaging techniques and verification by finding specific antibodies.
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PMID:[Clinical diagnosis of malaria and amoebiasis]. 795 56

All stages of malaria and amebiasis may be sensitively and specifically diagnosed by means of microbiological methods. Microscopical parasitology holds a key position when supplemented by immunodiagnostic assays. Molecular biology techniques are currently still inferior to the above procedure. Tests for the differentiation between pathogenic and nonpathogenic Entamoeba histolytica (Entamoeba dispar) require further simplification before generally applicable.
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PMID:[Microbiological diagnosis of malaria and amoebiasis]. 795 57

Treatment of malaria depends on the infecting Plasmodium species. In Plasmodium falciparum malaria the treatment also depends on whether chloroquine resistances occur and whether the course is uncomplicated or complicated. Uncomplicated cases are cared for with chloroquine and with mefloquine or halofantrine when the patient comes from areas with chloroquine resistances. Patients with complicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria must get chinine and doxycycline. A careful fluid balance is extremely important in order to prevent noncardiac pulmonary edemas. Luminal infections with pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica are treated with diloxanide furoate, luminal infections with non-pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica (= E. dispar) do not have to be treated. If differentiation is not possible, all asymptomatic cyst passers must get treatment. Patients with invasive amebiasis (amebic colitis and amebic liver abscess) have to be treated with metronidazole, followed by diloxanide furoate.
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PMID:[Therapy for malaria and amoebiasis]. 795 58

A sample of 300 sexually-active adults was selected at random from patients, from the rural area of Malenga Makali, Tanzania, who were attending a dispensary because they had diarrhoea of at least 2 weeks' duration. The potential associations between the patient's health (in terms of the World Health Organization's clinical definition of AIDS), HIV-1 seroprevalence and malaria and other parasitic infections were then investigated. Although, HIV-1 seroprevalence was 20.6% overall, the level of seroprevalence was directly correlated with the distance between the patients' home villages and the nearest main road. Strict application of the clinical definition of AIDS gave 98.7% specificity, 46% sensitivity and a predictive value of 90.6% when validated by HIV-1 seropositivity. Although malaria infection was more common in HIV-1 seropositives than in the seronegatives, the intensity of the Plasmodium falciparum infections, intestinal amoebiasis and giardiasis did not appear to be correlated with HIV-1 infection. In contrast, intestinal infections with Cryptosporidium parvum and Isospora belli were virtually restricted to HIV-1 seropositive individuals who had had diarrhoea for a relatively long time.
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PMID:HIV-1 and parasitic infections in rural Tanzania. 812 20

An immunological test based on indirect (plate) ELISA has been successfully standardized and modified using promastigote soluble antigen. The test carried out on 813 subjects from a kala-azar endemic area (including parasitologically confirmed patients, subjects presenting with clinical symptoms of visceral leishmaniasis and endemic controls) and a non-endemic area (with diseases other than kala-azar and apparently normal subjects) was found to detect, specifically, antileishmanial antibodies. The plate ELISA has been simplified to a more sensitive dot-ELISA where the results are read within 2-3 h. The antigen requirement is 250 ng per test. No cross-reactivity with sera from patients of malaria, tuberculosis, leprosy, amoebiasis and filariasis was observed. The follow up monitoring of antibodies in successfully treated kala-azar patients showed a decline of antibodies. A drop of blood taken on filter paper is sufficient to conduct the test. Dot ELISA therefore is a simple, inexpensive and stable test in serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis.
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PMID:Evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the diagnosis of kala-azar in Malda district (West Bengal). 814 6


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