Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Causes of thrombocytopenia are diverse, and infection with plasmodia often brings about thrombocytopenia. Japan is not an endemic area of malaria infection at present and most cases are travelers to endemic areas. In some cases, initial clinical diagnoses may not be correct because of a variety of symptoms, physical findings and laboratory abnormalities. A 67-year-old female, who had traveled to South American countries 2 months before the onset of the disease, presented with a case of vivax malaria. Because of the patient's high fever, profound thrombocytopenia (1.5 x 10(4)/microl), and elevated platelet-associated IgG on admission, our initial diagnosis was acute type idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). However, we recognized her tertian fever and plasmodial vivax in erythrocytes 4 days later. She responded promptly to anti-parasitic therapy after diagnosis of malaria and her laboratory data also improved. Travel history is indicative of malaria infection in some cases with thrombocytopenia mimicking acute ITP.
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PMID:[Plasmodium vivax malaria with clinical presentation mimicking acute type idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura]. 1717 88

We describe a 67-year-old Japanese woman who contracted severe falciparum malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. The patient had impaired consciousness, jaundice and acute renal failure. Most interestingly, she manifested purpura fulminans, a cutaneous sign of disseminated intravascular coagulation, which rarely develops in severe falciparum malaria. She required intensive treatment, including haemofiltration, plasma exchange and digital amputation, to recover. This case provides further evidence that purpura fulminans is a potential clinical manifestation of severe falciparum malaria.
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PMID:Purpura fulminans: an unusual manifestation of severe falciparum malaria. 1758 27

A 27 week pregnant woman who had lived in Bangkok, Thailand, for 18 months presented to her obstetrician with a 1-week history of intermittent fever and malaise. Medical history was significant for multiple episodes of malaria during her 10 years of employment in sub-Saharan Africa before her relocation to Thailand. The initial malaria smear was negative. She returned a week later with no resolution of her symptoms, at which time she was found to have Plasmodium ovale by microscopy and polymerase chain reaction. She had an excellent response to chloroquine, which she continued weekly until 36 weeks of gestation. She delivered a healthy term infant and received radical cure with primaquine after cessation of breastfeeding. This case shows challenging issues in detection and management of imported P. ovale malaria.
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PMID:Apparent relapse of imported Plasmodium ovale malaria in a pregnant woman. 1798 65

Mefloquine has been widely used for prophylaxis and treatment of patients with chloroquine-resistant malaria; the drug is usually well tolerated. Rarely, adverse effects may be severe, including gastrointestinal disturbances, neuropsychiatric reactions, cardiovascular manifestations, skin lesions, musculoskeletal symptoms, and bone marrow toxicity. We describe a 67-year-old woman with fever, dyspnea on exertion, peripheral blood eosinophilia, and diffuse pulmonary infiltrates on chest radiography. She had taken mefloquine for malaria prophylaxis for an 8-week trip to South Africa. A thorough work-up led to the diagnosis of eosinophilic pneumonia caused by the mefloquine. Her condition improved after the drug was discontinued. To our knowledge, this is the first report of mefloquine-induced eosinophilic pneumonia. Clinicians should be aware of this rare, potential adverse effect of mefloquine.
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PMID:Mefloquine-induced eosinophilic pneumonia. 1804 95

Acute bilateral renal cortical necrosis is a rare cause of renal failure frequently induced by disseminated intravascular coagulation (Dic) following obstetrical complications, sepsis and drugs. We describe a case of Dic with bilateral cortical necrosis after ingestion of only one tablet of quinine. A 41-year-old woman was admitted for severe abdominal pain, melaena, fever and anuria two hours after quinine tablet intake for nocturnal leg cramps. Her medical history included angioneurotic edema caused by chloroquine for malaria prevention. Physical examination was normal. Laboratory data showed acute renal failure, hemolytic anemia without schistocytes and Dic. Platelet antibodies were negative. Ultrasonographic examination showed a complete defect of renal perfusion with permeable renal arteries. Results of abdominal CT scan and MAG3 scintigraphy led to the diagnosis of bilateral renal cortical necrosis. The patient underwent plasma exchanges with fresh frozen plasma which induced rapid resolution of Dic. She remained dependent on chronic hemodialysis. Quinine-induced microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and Dic is a rare described entity. These complications occur typically in quinine-sensitized subjects. The presence of acute renal failure is generally associated with poor prognosis in case of bilateral renal cortical necrosis. Caution is required for the prescription of quinine derivates, which should be avoided in patients experienced on adverse reaction to the drug.
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PMID:[Quinine-induced renal bilateral cortical necrosis]. 1834 36

Spontaneous rupture of malarial spleen is uncommon even in highly endemic areas of malaria. We report an eight year old girl who presented with spontaneous splenic rupture following malaria. She recovered with conservative management.
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PMID:Spontaneous rupture of malarial spleen. 1845 57

Malaria is no doubt a disease of public health significance in the tropics. Plasmodium falciparum, resistant to the majority of the first-line antimalarial drugs, now causes most of the infections treated in sub-Saharan Africa. Although there is increasing use of artemisinin-based combination therapy in many African nations, quinine still remains a commonly used drug for severe and chloroquine-resistant malaria. Cardiotoxicity associated with quinine has been largely reported. However, this was often more common with toxic doses. This case report is on a 5-year-old African Nigerian who was undergoing treatment for uncomplicated malaria with quinine dihydrochloride infusion. All the laboratory investigations done were within normal limits except for positive blood films for malarial parasites. However, pretreatment electrocardiographic evaluation of the patient was not carried out. She developed ventricular fibrillation and died < 1.5 hours into the quinine infusion.
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PMID:Ventricular fibrillation in a 5-year-old child on therapeutic dose of quinine dihydrochloride infusion for acute malaria. 1871 45

Malaria is no doubt a disease of public health significance in the tropics. Plasmodium falciparum resistant to majority of the first-line antimalarial drugs now causes most of the infections treated in sub-Saharan Africa. Although there is increasing use of artemisinin-based combination therapy in many African nations, quinine still remains a commonly used drug for severe and chloroquine-resistant malaria. Cardiotoxicity associated with quinine has been largely reported. However, this was often more common with toxic doses. This case report is on a 5-year-old African Nigerian who was on treatment for uncomplicated malaria with quinine dihydrochloride infusion. All the laboratory investigations done were within normal limits except for positive blood films for malarial parasites. However, pre-treatment electrocardiographic evaluation of the patient was not carried out. She developed ventricular fibrillation and died less than one and a half hour into the quinine infusion.
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PMID:Ventricular fibrillation in a 5-year-old child on therapeutic dose of quinine dihydrochloride infusion for acute malaria. 1880 36

A 29-year-old patient who was born in Angola developed Plasmodium falciparum malaria 8 years after leaving Africa. She had not returned to a malaria-endemic area, and there were no apparent risks of local or nosocomial acquisition of malaria in Canada. She recovered after treatment with oral quinine sulfate and doxycycline.
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PMID:Plasmodium falciparum malaria occurring 8 years after leaving an endemic area. 1894 69

Mefloquine, a commonly used oral antimalarial is occasionally associated with severe, neuropsychiatric adverse effects, especially in adults. Such events are extremely rare in children. The authors report on an 11-year-old, otherwise healthy girl from Eastern India, a malaria-endemic region, who developed mania and psychosis following intake of a therapeutic dose of mefloquine for Plasmodium falciparum malaria. She recovered satisfactorily with risperidone therapy. To our knowledge, there is only one documented instance of mefloquine-induced psychosis in the pediatric literature to date. Those caring for children need to realize that severe neuropsychiatric manifestations may be seen in the pediatric age group. A positive history of intake of the offending drug with careful exclusion of other etiologies usually clinches the diagnosis.
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PMID:Childhood mefloquine-induced mania and psychosis: a case report. 1929 81


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