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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Since 1978 several cases of chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria have been reported from East Africa (Petterson et al., 1981). Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (Fansidar) has been advised by W.H.O. (Wkly Epidem. Rec., 1982) for therapeutic management of these patients. We describe here a non-immune female expatriate from Tanzania suffering from falciparum malaria, which was resistant to chloroquine (R II-III). She had been working as a medical technician in the Morogoro region, a hyperendemic malarious area. After being treated with Fansidar she was transferred to the Netherlands where a recrudescence developed. She was then treated with a combination of quinine and tetracycline which resulted in the clearance of the parasitaemia. This is the third report of Fansidar-resistant falciparum malaria from Tanzania in the Netherlands (de Geus et al., 1982; Timmermans et al., 1982).
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PMID:Fansidar-resistant Plasmodium falciparum infection from Tanzania. 675 46

A study was conducted among children under 12 years of age admitted to a rural district hospital in western Kenya to evaluate the use of blood transfusions, identify risk factors for severe anemia, and determine when transfusion improves survival of severely anemic children. A total of 2433 children were admitted to the pediatric ward during the 12-month study period; 29% (684) had severe anemia (hemoglobin [Hb] 5.0 g/dl) and 20% (483) received blood transfusions. Among children admitted with Hb 5.0 g/dl, 19% (124/663) had a history of prior transfusion, compared with only 6% (94/1607) with Hb 5.0 g/dl. The fatality rate of all children with Hb 5.0 g/dl was 18%, compared with 8% among children with Hb 5.0 g/dl. Among all children who died during hospitalization, 48% had a Hb 5.0 g/dl at the time of admission. Children younger than 3 years old accounted for 92% of admissions with Hb 5.0 g/dl, 87% of all pediatric deaths, and 92% of all pediatric transfusions. Age under 3 years and malaria parasitemia were associated with severe anemia. 88% (424) of transfusions were given to children with Hb 5.0 g/dl. Only 25% (120) of transfused children received blood on the date of admission, while 34% (161) were transfused the day after admission, and 41% (199) were transfused 2 or more days after admission. Among children with Hb 5.0 g/dl, 40% (274/683) were not transfused. If transfusions had been given only within the first 2 days of admission to children with respiratory distress and Hb 5.0 g/dl, the frequency of transfusion would have been reduced by 55% without increasing mortality. Prevention and effective treatment of the causes of anemia (such as malaria), targeted to children under 3 years of age, are critically needed to limit pediatric anemia, blood transfusion, and anemia-associated mortality.
Wkly Epidemiol Rec 1994 Mar 11
PMID:Global programme on AIDS. A study on the effect of blood transfusion on survival among children in a Kenyan hospital. 819 7

The mean annual incidence of malaria in Singapore increased from 208 cases in 1982-86 to 277 cases in 1987-1991 and 306 cases in 1992-96. 92.0% of the 1532 cases reported during 1992-96 were imported, with the distribution of cases by parasitic species as follows: Plasmodium vivax, 80.9%; P. falciparum, 16.9%; P. malariae, 0.1%; and both P. vivax and P. falciparum, 2.1%. 5 deaths were reported due to malaria. The mean annual age-specific morbidity rate was highest among people aged 25-34 years, at 20.6 deaths/100,000 population, compared to the overall rate of 10.5/100,000. The male-to-female case ratio was 5.1:1. The presence of Anopheles maculatus and An. sundaicus, vectors of malaria, in small numbers in some localities and the influx of many foreign workers and visitors to Singapore from malaria-endemic countries makes Singapore open to the reintroduction of malaria. Health authorities must remain vigilant over both malaria and its vectors. As part of that vigilance, medical practitioners should always consider malaria in the differential diagnosis of people with a recent history of residence or travel in an endemic area who present with fever, and a blood film should be taken for examination of malaria parasites. Suspected and confirmed cases of malaria should be immediately reported to the Quarantine and Epidemiology Department of the Ministry of Environment. Imported cases, localized outbreaks, and results from the examination of blood slides are discussed.
Wkly Epidemiol Rec 1998 Apr 03
PMID:Malaria. Epidemiological surveillance, 1992-1996. 958 59

In this paper, the etiological factors affecting infertility among the Azande tribe of Central Africa are reviewed. Of those factors reviewed, including venereal disease, leprosy, sleeping sickness, endemic goitre, nutrition, voluntary contraception, and malaria none is sufficient to account for a lowering in the fertility rate. The data collected is estimated to be accurate but very limited. The author, however, concludes that there is 1) a low child/adult ratio; 2) a marked female preponderance; and 3) a high infant and child mortality rate. Finally, the people of the tribe are reproducing themselves, though not so prolifically as their former preponderance in this region, or comparison with fertility levels in neighboring tribes, would lead one to expect.
Sudan Notes Rec 1954 Jun
PMID:Dearth of children among the Azande: preliminary report. 1233 86

The work done in the Department of Biochemistry in Oxford during World War II is recounted. Reference is made to the research on burns, nutrition and malaria, but it is mainly concerned with the search for antidotes to mustard gas and lewisite. The discovery of a successful antidote to lewisite is described in some detail.
Notes Rec R Soc Lond 2005 May 22
PMID:The Oxford Biochemistry Department in wartime, 1939-45. 1611 4

This review highlights recently discovered antimalarial natural products from marine and freshwater sources described in the literature from 2006 to 2008. The structures as well as bioactivities of compounds against the malaria parasites such as Plasmodium falciparum are discussed, including, for example, agelasine, xestoquinone, alisiaquinone, crambescidin, venturamide, dragomabin, gragonamide, viridamide, salinosporamide, chaetoxanthone, nodulisporacid, tumonoic acid, girolline, oroidin, nostocarboline, aerucyclamide, and microcylamide 7806 and its revised structure. Synthetic derivatives of natural products are presented including plakortin, isoaaptamine, curcuphenol, pseudopyronine, manzamine, and nostocarboline. Consequences of these discoveries for the development of novel natural product agents against malaria are discussed.
Chem Rec 2009
PMID:Antimalarial natural products of marine and freshwater origin. 1942 97

A 20 year-old healthy female volunteer participated in a clinical Phase I and IIa safety and efficacy trial with candidate malaria vaccine PfLSA-3-rec adjuvanted with aluminium hydroxide. Eleven weeks after the third and last immunization she was experimentally infected by bites of Plasmodium falciparum-infected mosquitoes. When the thick blood smear became positive, at day 11, she was treated with artemether/lumefantrine according to protocol. On day 16 post-infection i.e. two days after completion of treatment, she woke up with retrosternal chest pain. She was diagnosed as acute coronary syndrome and treated accordingly. She recovered quickly and her follow-up was uneventful. Whether the event was related to the study procedures such as the preceding vaccinations, malaria infection or antimalarial drugs remains elusive. However, the relation in time with the experimental malaria infection and apparent absence of an underlying condition makes the infection the most probable trigger. This is in striking contrast, however, with the millions of malaria cases each year and the fact that such complication has never been reported in the literature. The rare occurrence of cardiac events with any of the preceding study procedures may even support a coincidental finding. Apart from acute coronary syndrome, myocarditis can be considered as a final diagnosis, but the true nature and patho-physiological explanation of the event remain unclear.
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PMID:Cardiac complication after experimental human malaria infection: a case report. 1995 49

Zoonotic diseases are a significant burden on animal and human health, particularly in developing countries. Despite recognition of this fact, endemic zoonoses often remain undiagnosed in people, instead being mistaken for febrile diseases such as malaria. Here, as part of Veterinary Record's ongoing series of articles on One Health, a multidisciplinary team of researchers from Scotland, Tanzania and New Zealand argues that a One Health approach is needed to effectively combat these diseases.
Vet Rec 2015 Feb 28
PMID:Endemic zoonoses in the tropics: a public health problem hiding in plain sight. 2572 34

The post-translational addition of C-16 long chain fatty acids to protein cysteine residues is catalysed by palmitoyl-S-acyl-transferases (PAT) and affects the affinity of a modified protein for membranes and therefore its subcellular localisation. In apicomplexan parasites this reversible protein modification regulates numerous biological processes and specifically affects cell motility, and invasion of host cells by Plasmodium falciparum merozoites and Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites. Using inhibitor studies we show here that palmitoylation is key to transformation of zygotes into ookinetes during initial mosquito infection with P. berghei. We identify DHHC2 as a unique PAT mediating ookinete formation and morphogenesis. Essential for life cycle progression in asexual blood stage parasites and thus refractory to gene deletion analyses, we used promoter swap (ps) methodology to maintain dhhc2 expression in asexual blood stages but down regulate expression in sexual stage parasites and during post-fertilization development of the zygote. The ps mutant showed normal gamete formation, fertilisation and DNA replication to tetraploid cells, but was characterised by a complete block in post-fertilisation development and ookinete formation. Our report highlights the crucial nature of the DHHC2 palmitoyl-S-acyltransferase for transmission of the malaria parasite to the mosquito vector through its essential role for ookinete morphogenesis.
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PMID:The Plasmodium palmitoyl-S-acyl-transferase DHHC2 is essential for ookinete morphogenesis and malaria transmission. 2652 84

With the bromodomain (BRD) inhibitor JQ1, a remarkable success story of BRD4 as a novel drug target has been set off that yielded many anti-cancer drugs that are now in clinical trials. But not all of the great prospects of BRDs as drug targets may become true. First evaluations of ongoing clinical trials revealed that treatment with BET-inhibitors can be accompanied with significant toxic side effects and the validation of the therapeutic benefit of BET-inhibitors compared to existing therapies is still pending. New strategies that may overcome possible obstacles in BRD drug discovery include combination therapies with other agents, dual target inhibitors, and proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs). Furthermore, non-BET proteins seem promising drug targets as well. Most recently, BRDs have been identified as putative targets to treat parasitic diseases such as malaria. Milestones in BRD drug discovery are reviewed and promising new developments are evaluated.
Chem Rec 2018 Dec
PMID:Bromodomain Drug Discovery - the Past, the Present, and the Future. 3028 9


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