Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to assess the usefulness of intestinal biopsies as indicators of end-organ responsiveness to vitamin D in uremic patients, calcium binding activity and calcium binding protein (CaBP) content were measured in intestinal biopsies from 12 uremic patients (glomerular filtration rate less than 5.0 ml/min) and 12 adult controls. Values for both were found to vary with the site of biopsy, highest values being obtained in the duodenal bulb, with lower values distally. Values for activity correlated with values for CaBP content in both normals and uremics and no difference was observed between groups. Levels of calcium binding activity and content of CaBP did not correlate with serum immunoreactive parathormone levels, but were directly related to circulating 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD) levels. The data show that intestinal CaBP is normal in activity, quantity, and affinity for calcium in malabsorbing uremic patients, and are consistent with the hypothesis that calcium malabsorption in uremia is unrelated to deficiency of intestinal calcium binding protein.
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PMID:Intestinal calcium binding protein in uremia. 11 81

Electrolytic imbalance is a frequent finding in malabsorption syndrome. Derangement of calcium metabolism present clinically in different variants is most serious. Some patients develop hypocalcemia manifesting clinically with specific myasthenia, paresthesias, convulsions, hemorrhages, etc. In other variants severe skeletal lesions are seen which may become dominating in the clinical picture though hypocalcemia was absent. Investigation of calcium metabolism, hormonal profile (parathormone, in particular) in malabsorption syndrome can prognosticate and prevent the onset of osteomalacia.
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PMID:[Osteopathy in malabsorption syndromes]. 261 13

Osteoporosis is more common in chronic alcoholics than in age-matched controls. Possible aetiological factors are: malabsorption of calcium and vitamin D; liver disease and abnormal parathyroid function. The possibility that alcohol may directly affect osteoblastic function has, however, received little attention. We measured plasma osteocalcin, a protein synthesised specifically by osteoblasts, in chronic alcoholics. Our data show that these have low plasma osteocalcin but normal calcium, magnesium and parathormone, which suggest that alcohol may be directly toxic to osteoblasts.
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PMID:Bone disease in chronic alcoholism: the value of plasma osteocalcin measurement. 278 3

The authors present the case of 54-old man primary tubular acidosis coexisting with malabsorption syndrome. Deviation were: extension of QT interval, low level of potassium and calcium in the blood, perturbations of calcium metabolism and high level of PTH. Glucose, lactose and iron absorption curves were flat. The final diagnosis was given as a result of analysis of findings and literature. The patient underwent the vitamin D3, calcium and potassium preparations, hydrochlorotiazyd treatment. Megaloblastic anaemia was treated with vitamin B12 and folic acid. Such therapy gave considerable improvement in patient's general condition and normalisation of lab tests results. The authors try explain the etiopathogenesis of bones changes and high level of parathormone. They assume the attitude towards methods of therapy and necessary medicaments doses. Relationship between described syndromes remains inextricable. Roentgen image of ileum which suggests occlusion is still unexplainable. Described case seemed to be very interesting considering rarity of primary tubular acidosis and its coexistence with malabsorption syndrome.
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PMID:[Primary distal renal tubular acidosis coexisting with malabsorption syndrome]. 913 90

The effects of octreotide on biochemical markers of bone turnover were evaluated in patients with active acromegaly. Serum GH, IGF-I and serum and urinary markers of bone metabolism were measured before and after 4 months of treatment in 27 patients (short-term treatment) and after 12 and 24 months of treatment in 15 patients (long-term treatment). In the short-term, octreotide significantly decreased the levels of serum GH, IGF-I, calcium, osteocalcin, carboxyterminal propeptide of type I collagen and alkaline phosphatase plus urinary excretion of calcium. Short-term treatment significantly increased serum parathormone levels (before treatment 30.1 +/- 9.57 and at 4 months 46.1 +/- 24.98 ng/L, p < 0.001) and urinary excretion of phosphate; urinary excretion of hydroxyproline was unchanged. The same results were observed during long-term treatment, except that there was no significant difference of serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase levels before and after treatment. Parathormone concentrations were still higher at 24 months compared with those prior to treatment (before treatment 31.9 +/- 9.74 and at 24 months 44.9 +/- 21.18 ng/L, p < 0.05). The changes of most bone markers during octreotide therapy can be explained by the decrease of serum GH and IGF-I concentrations. On the other hand, the rise of parathormone concentrations suggests that octreotide has ulterior and long-standing actions on calcium homeostasis: intestinal malabsorption of calcium due to the octreotide could contribute to this secondary hyperparathyroidism. The clinical consequences of these alterations of bone metabolism need to be further clarified.
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PMID:Long-term effects of octreotide on markers of bone metabolism in acromegaly: evidence of increased serum parathormone concentrations. 936 45

Increased cytokine release and increased activity of osteoclasts (reduced osteoclast apoptosis) due to a fall in estrogen is of causal significance in postmenopausal bone loss as well as malfunction of the vitamin D activation and concomitant calcium (Ca) malabsorption. Alfacalcidol prevents rapid postmenopausal bone loss by elimination of Ca malabsorption and by blocking resorbing cytokines. Established osteoporosis in older patients of both sexes is characterized by decoupled bone remodeling induced by sex hormone deficits and by a so-called somatopause (insulin-like growth factor [IGF]-deficit), but also by lack of vitamin D and, very importantly, by reduced synthesis of D-hormone (Calcitriol) in kidneys and bone as well as by a lack of receptors or receptor affinity for D-hormone in the target organs. As a consequence of these facts, a rise in parathormone (PTH) frequently occurs. The lack of D-hormone and IGF-1 evidently causes a reduction in muscle strength as well and reinforces the risk of falling and, thus, the risk of a fracture. Alfacalcidol, a prodrug of D-hormone, is a specific antiosteoporotic therapy. In alfacalcidol therapy, D-hormone is provided to the body in circumvention of its own regulation, by means of which much higher hormone concentrations can be achieved in the target tissues than by administration of plain vitamin D. Chances have been significantly improved of reducing and frequently preventing the real osteoporosis complication for older male and female patients, i. e., bone fractures, by alfacalcidol. A clear distinction should be made between supplementation with low-dosed plain vitamin D and calcium as base supply in elderly housebound subjects or as adjuvant to antiosteoporotic drugs and the specific antiosteoporotic therapy with alfacalcidol in patients with osteoporosis. The expanded understanding of the pathogenesis of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis with its disturbed Ca homeostasis and the pharmacological effects of alfacalcidol, counteracting such iatrogenic bone loss, explain the particularly good clinical efficacy in this most frequent form of secondary osteoporosis. Normalizing de-coupled bone remodeling due to cytokine modulation and the potential influence on deteriorated bone quality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease predestine this form of therapy for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis as a result of chronic inflammatory diseases as well as of transplantation osteoporosis cases in particular.
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PMID:Rationale for treatment of involutional osteoporosis in women and for prevention and treatment of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis with alfacalcidol. 1048 85

The somatostatin analogue lanreotide is effective in reducing growth hormone levels in patients with acromegaly. Acromegaly is characterized by calcium homeostasis alterations. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of lanreotide on bone turnover markers in a group of acromegalic patients and to verify a possible increase of intact parathormone (iPTH) levels in a transient or persistent way. Serum GH, IGF-I and serum and urinary markers of bone metabolism were measured before treatment and on months 3 and 24. In short-term treatment (3 months), lanreotide significantly decreased GH, IGF-I, serum calcium, osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase levels, but increased iPTH level (49 +/- 16.7 vs pre-treatment 28.3 +/- 7.6 ng/L, p<0.001). During long-term study (24 months) GH and IGF-I were significantly still low; serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase levels returned to pre-treatment levels. iPTH level was significantly still higher compared with pre-treatment (46.4 +/- 9.2 vs 28.3 +/- 7.6 ng/L, p<0.05). No changes were seen in serum albumin, creatinine and vitamin D during short and long term treatment. The changes of most bone markers during lanreotide treatment can be explained by the decrease of GH and IGF-I. The increase of iPTH concentration suggests that lanreotide has ulterior and long-standing actions on calcium homeostasis: intestinal malabsorption of calcium due to the lanreotide could contribute to this "secondary" hyperparathyroidism. The clinical relevance of these long-standing effects needs to be further investigated.
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PMID:Long-term treatment of acromegaly with lanreotide: evidence of increased serum parathormone concentration. 1564 68

Magnesium deficiency is a common clinical problem. Dietary malabsorption and renal wasting are the commonest causes. Hypomagnesemia induces a state of functional hypoparathyroidism due to decreased secretion of parathormone (PTH) as well as resistance to its action. Contrary to typical autoimmune hypoparathyroidism, it is associated with decreased levels of serum phosphate. We report a patient who presented with hypocalcemic tetany associated with hypomagnesaemia due to renal wasting. Subsequently, he improved with magnesium supplementation of therapy.
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PMID:Hypomagnesaemia masquerading as hypoparathyroidism. 1690 43

Both celiac disease and osteoporosis are common diseases which are considered an emerging problem in medicine. Celiac disease is a condition at high risk for secondary osteoporosis. Osteoporosis or osteopenia are typically present in untreated adult symptomatic celiac disease with an overt malabsorption syndrome, but is found in about 50 % in suboptimally treated celiac patients, subclinical patients and asymptomatic adult celiac patients, too. Etiology of pathologic bone alteration in celiac disease is multifactorial; however, two main mechanisms are involved: intestinal malabsorption and chronic inflammation. The evaluation of bone mineral metabolism (total calcium/albumin, 25-OH vitamin D3 and parathormone levels in serum) and bone mineral density (densitometry) is recommended in the clinical management of celiac patients. Many studies have demonstrated that bone mineral density values in adults show a good improvement in the first period after the institution of gluten-free diet, the improvement is then unsatisfactory and treatment with a mineral-active drug should probably be considered.
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PMID:[Osteoporosis and bone alterations in celiac disease in adults]. 2513 Jun 36