Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We investigated electron microscopically the changes of anionic sites of a charge barrier in the capillary basement membrane of the stria vascularis and endolymphatic sac following inner ear immune reactions. Hartley guinea pigs were immunized with bovine type II collagen, keyhole limpet hemocyanin, or horseradish peroxidase, with boosted and challenged antigens through the stylomastoid foramen. Animals were killed painlessly from several days up to 56 days after the antigen challenge. Polyethylenimine was used as a cationic tracer in order to observe the localization of anionic sites of the charge. In the animals immunized with bovine type II collagen or horseradish peroxidase, a significant decrease of anionic charge in the stria and the sac was found in the early stage of immunization. However, the keyhold limpet hemocyanin immunization group did not show any remarkable changes in the charge because of its lesser transfer into the inner ear due to of its high molecular weight and negative surface charge. A decrease of the charge under immunologic conditions may induce a hyperpermeability of vessels and a malabsorption of endolymph, and thus may cause endolymphatic hydrops.
 ...
PMID:Alterations of charge barrier in the inner ear following immune reactions. 141 56

The etiology underlying endolymphatic hydrops is scarcely understood. It is generally accepted, however, that the primary cause of endolymphatic hydrops is the malfunction and malabsorption of the endolymphatic sac. This has already been proven by animal experiments as well as by histopathological studies of human temporal bone. In this study, we attempted to induce endolymphatic hydrops by utilizing both mechanical and immunological methods. An obliterative procedure was performed on the endolymphatic sac and duct of 14 guinea pigs, 12 of which showed extensive endolymphatic hydrops after a variable period of time. The immunological method employed was to inject the antigen horseradish peroxidase into the endolymphatic sac of 22 guinea pigs that had been systemically sensitized to this antigen. Endolymphatic hydrops was induced in 11 of these subjects. Thus, this study lends further support to the fact that endolymphatic hydrops is caused by malfunction of the endolymphatic sac, resulting from either mechanical obliteration or immunological reaction.
 ...
PMID:Endolymphatic hydrops in animal experiments. A confirmation of mechanical and immunological methods of inducement. 184 68

Systemic amyloidosis involving the digestive tract is described in an 11-year-old Morgan stallion. The disease was characterized clinically by weight loss, ptyalism, anaemia, persistent mature neutrophilia, hypoalbuminaemia and hypergammaglobulinaemia. The D-xylose absorption test indicated malabsorption. Necropsy revealed oral, oesophageal and gastric ulcers and reddened segments of small bowel mucosa with scant haemorrhages. Microscopically, amyloid deposits were found throughout all tissue layers of the digestive tract, except the serosa. Deposits of amyloid were most apparent in the small bowel mucosa and submucosal arteries. Amyloid was also present in the spleen and lymph nodes and to a lesser extent in the liver, kidneys, lungs, pancreas and bone marrow. All amyloid deposits gave the typical histochemical reaction for AA amyloid with the KMnO4-Congo red stain procedure and immunohistochemical cross-reactivity was demonstrated with antisera to both canine and bovine protein AA by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. The cause of the amyloidosis was not identified, although the haematological and serological data were compatible with an underlying chronic inflammatory process.
 ...
PMID:AA amyloid-associated gastroenteropathy in a horse. 337 53

A sandwich enzyme immunoassay has been developed for human pancreatic lipase using polystyrene balls coated with specific IgG as the first antibody and peroxidase-labelled IgG as the second antibody. The detection limit was 0.5 microgram/l. Good parallelism was observed with the curves obtained from standard lipase and lipase present in serum, pancreatic juice and duodenal contents, demonstrating that the assay may be used to measure the level of the protein in different biological fluids. Mean values of lipase in human sera were 12.3 +/- 6.8 micrograms/l in adults and 4.5 +/- 2.7 in newborns. In all cases a good correlation was found in serum between the catalytic activity and the enzyme immunoassay. Lipase is detectable in amniotic fluids at the 18th week of pregnancy but at a very low level (0.95 +/- 0.32 microgram/l). In pancreatic juices, lipase concentration was 14.6% of the total protein content. A study on cystic fibrosis patients showed a poor correlation between blood pancreatic lipase concentration and fat malabsorption underlying the difficulty in assessing pancreatic function by the measurement of serum pancreatic enzymes. The use of the lipase assay in duodenal contents would permit better assessment of pancreatic function in patients presenting a severe or borderline defect in fat digestion and absorption.
 ...
PMID:Assay of human pancreatic lipase in biological fluids using a non-competitive enzyme immunoassay. 354 6

Mammalian reoviruses are connected with a variety of humans diseases, including gastroenteritis, malabsorption and hepatitis. Recently, reovirus-3 was found to be associated with neonatal biliary atresia. We describe a technique for the rapid isolation and identification of reovirus-3. Mouse fibroblasts (L 929 cells) were grown in monolayers in a RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% calf serum. The cytopathic effects were visualized by the rounding of the L 929 cells and the appearance of fine granulation in the cytoplasm 48 h after the infection. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed swelling and rounding of the infected cells, diminished chromatin in the nuclei, and the absence of mitoses. The immunohistochemical staining by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique was positive in the infected monolayers of the L 929 cells. The positive staining was limited to cytoplasmic inclusions, which were surrounded by a halo and sometimes by vacuoles. We conclude that the described technique is useful for the rapid isolation and identification of reovirus-3.
 ...
PMID:Rapid isolation and identification of reovirus-3. 368 Apr 64

The peroral small intestinal biopsies of 5 patients with chronic malabsorption leading to a fatal course were examined retrospectively for the presence of abnormal (? premalignant) cells. Techniques employed for their identification included routine histology, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry (horseradish peroxidase) and electron microscopy. The biopsies of 3 other patients, 2 with known lymphoma and 1 with alpha chain disease were examined for any similarity in the ultrastructural appearances of abnormal cells and their immune cellular behaviour in these 2 groups of patients. Fine structural identification of cells displaying either nuclear or cytoplasmic abnormalities was possible in all 8 patients and varied from easily identifiable cell types, like the plasma cell, lymphocyte or histiocyte to those possessing more than one characteristic feature. The immunological staining techniques did not help in the identification of these abnormal cells. We conclude that careful E.M. examination of the mucosal cellular infiltrate in patients with chronic malabsorption can make a valuable contribution in identifying diffusely abnormal cells, though it may not be possible to determine whether they are of histiocytic or lymphocytic origin.
 ...
PMID:The recognition of premalignant change in jejunal mucosal biopsies of patients with malabsorption. 733 46

In order to illustrate a particular circumstance of diagnosis of celiac disease, we report the case of 54-year-old women with a history of thyroid enlargement with normal thyroid function and positive anti-peroxidase antibodies. Immediately after total thyroidectomy with preservation of the parathyroid glands, she developed tetany with total serum calcium level at 50mg/l. Intravenous calcium infusion increased the calcium level and led to resolution of hypocalcemia-induced signs but there was no result when calcium and vitamin D were taken orally. The diagnosis of malabsorption was very probable in light of the family history of celiac disease, the anemia and the hypoalbuminemia. The diagnosis was confirmed by antibodies assay and endoscopy. The PTH level was less than 1 pg/l and radiography showed signs of hyperparathyroidism. Gluten-free diet, calcium and vitamin D led to an improvement of serum calcium.
 ...
PMID:[Celiac disease revealed by hypocalcemia complicating total thyroidectomy: a case report]. 1707 43

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder that affects the gastrointestinal tract upon ingestion of gluten, which triggers the production of antibodies against gliadin and tissue transglutaminase, activating an inflammatory response and inducing tissue damage in the small intestine resulting in malabsorption. The measurement of these antibodies in an individual's blood can be used to screen for celiac disease and the criteria for definitive diagnosis is currently being revised to be based on serological analysis rather than biopsy. In the work reported here, an electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of human anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies was developed, consisting of gold-based self-assembled monolayers of a carboxylic group terminated bipodal alkanethiol that is covalently linked to tissue transglutaminase, the antigen for the immunorecognition of circulating autoantibodies. The presence of the autoantibodies was recorded using horseradish peroxidase labeled anti-human antibodies, which provided an enzyme based electrochemical signal. Optimization and characterization of the surface of the sensor was carried out by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and surface plasmon resonance. The immunosensor gave a stable quantitative response to different antibody concentrations after 30 min with a limit of detection of 390 ng/mL and an RSD of 9%, n=3. The developed immunosensor was tested with calibrator solutions as well as with real patients' samples, and the results compared to those obtained from Eurospital's Eu-tTG IgA and IgG ELISA kits, showing an excellent degree of correlation.
 ...
PMID:Electrochemical detection of celiac disease-related anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies using thiol based surface chemistry. 2142 Aug 46