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Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ninety infants and young children with acute gastroenteritis were investigated for lactose malabsorption. Each of them was given an oral lactose load of 2g per kg of body weight after which breath hydrogen excretion was measured, and each was observed for clinical symptoms of lactose intolerance. Only 2 patients, given 2g per kg of lactose, had clinical lactose intolerance. Forty-nine of the 90 patients studied were found to have the rotavirus antigen in their stools. Forty-five of them were found to have an abnormal lactose breath hydrogen test (LBHT). Twenty-three patients with abnormal LBHT were restarted on a diluted lactose-containing formula for oral feeding. They required longer hospitalization (mean 6.7 days, range 3-14 days) and were free of diarrhea in 14 days (mean 7.5 days). Twenty-two patients found to have an abnormal LBHT were given a nonlactose-containing formula (Isomil, Nursoy, Alsoy, ProSobee, or Bebelac FL) when restarted on oral feeding. All patients require less than 5 days of hospitalization and free of diarrhea in 5 days (mean 3.4 days). The difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.05).
J Formos Med Assoc 1990 Dec
PMID:Breath hydrogen test for assessment of lactose malabsorption following rotavirus gastroenteritis. 198 76

The intestinal absorption of vitamin E is often thought to be closely correlated to that of fatty acids, but the biochemical mechanisms involved in the process are still not clear. For this reason, the present study aimed to assess the absorption of triglycerides and vitamin E, following oral administration, in 11 children with suspected malabsorption syndromes. Intestinal biopsy in 9 children showed the presence of a flat mucosa, whereas no changes were present in 2 patients. The results confirm the inverse correlation between the absorption of triglycerides and vitamin E, as if tocopherols used an independent system of transport. These findings contrast with those reported in the literature perhaps due to the low level of precision of colorimetric techniques previously used to assay vitamin E.
Minerva Pediatr 1990 Dec
PMID:[Intestinal absorption of vitamin E in children with atrophy of the jejunal mucosa]. 208 27

A young obese female with acute pancreatitis complicated by pseudocyst formation and intermittent gastric outlet obstruction, who had been maintained on high-calorie enteral feeds, developed a sudden onset of confusion and ophthalmoplegia associated with papilloedema and retinal haemorrhages. A possible diagnosis of Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) was made, and the patient was treated with parenteral thiamine. Clinical resolution was complete. Any patient with suspicious or unusual neurological symptoms and signs associated with possible malnutrition, hyperemesis or malabsorption should be given intravenous thiamine without delay to avoid the potential morbidity and mortality associated with undiagnosed WE.
Br J Clin Pract 1990 Dec
PMID:Wernicke's encephalopathy in association with complicated acute pancreatitis and morbid obesity. 210 39

Since his birth, we have been monitoring a 12-year-old boy suffering from selective severe magnesium malabsorption. Our essential problem is to prepare a form of galena with acceptable taste, tolerated by the digestive tract and well absorbed; also, the carrier compound must not cause short- or long-term side effects. An additional factor is the steadily increasing need for magnesium from 1 mmol/kg.d at 1 year to 14 mmol/kg.d at present age (345 mg/kg.d). The galena forms currently on sale were, with the exception of lactate and pyrollidone carboxylate, immediately rejected since they contain insufficient Mg2+. Following short trials resulting in diarrhoea, the other two preparations were also rejected. We then constituted - and also abandoned - our own galena compounds: aspartate (bitterness), aspartate + glycerophosphate (GLP) (bitterness), glutamate + GLP ('Chinese restaurant syndrome' and fear of the long term toxic effect of the glutamate), gluconate (excessive volume: 11/1 proportion with Mg2+). A recent test featuring GLP of Mg 40 g + cocoa butter 40 g + cocoa 10 g, brought about vomiting and diarrhoea, and was not adequately absorbed. The best tolerated formula is: Mg GLP 21.33 g; saccharose 6 g; aspartam 1 g; gelatin 0.5 g; citric acid, conserving agent, fruity aroma; water: qs 100 g. Such composition yields a caramel cream absorbed in five small portions, at a daily quantity of 375 g (80 g GLP Mg, 10 g Mg2+). Vitamin B6, which promotes intestinal absorption of magnesium, must be given separately in tablet form at a dose of 1 g/d, since it causes nausea if it is included in the Mg preparation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Magnes Res 1990 Dec
PMID:Severe selective magnesium malabsorption: tests of tolerance of oral magnesium supplements. 213 77

The specific nutritional consequences of malabsorption after small-bowel surgery were studied in a consecutive series of 48 ambulatory patients who had had small-bowel resection (n = 43) or bypass (n = 5) and in 10 patients who had an ileal pouch (n = 10). The patients received a 3-day standardized oral regimen providing daily 30 kcal/kg of ideal body weight (IBW). Throughout the study, 41 patients had malabsorption (fecal fat greater than 5%); 17 had fecal fat less than 5% and served as controls. The malabsorption patients absorbed 70% of protein and 71% of fat. Twenty-one were normonourished and 20 had features of mild energy malnutrition, vs. 15 and 2 controls, respectively. Compared with controls, malabsorption patients had decreased body weight and triceps skin-fold but no features of protein malnutrition. their mean daily food intake at home was significantly enhanced (39.6 +/- 13.1 kcal/IBW kg) vs. controls (28.8 +/- 5.8 kcal/IBW kg, P less than 0.001). In the malabsorption group, caloric intake was higher in the normonourished patients than in those with mild malnutrition. This study shows that a chronic malabsorption has limited nutritional consequences. The patients compensate for their absorptive handicap by increasing their oral intake.
Gastroenterology 1990 Dec
PMID:Adaptive hyperphagia in patients with postsurgical malabsorption. 222 96

Diarrhea is one manifestation of GI disturbance. Symptoms may be acute if caused by such things as infections, drug reactions, alterations in diet, heavy metal poisoning, or fecal impaction. Chronic diarrhea is a symptom of GI diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome, lactase deficiency, cancer of the colon, inflammatory bowel disease, and malabsorption diseases. Chronic diarrhea may also be associated with GI surgery, radiation therapy, laxative abuse, alcohol abuse, and chemotherapeutic agents. When interventions are required to deal with diarrhea, they may include such things as alteration in tube feeding products and methods of administration, fluid replacement by oral rehydration procedures, a rapid return to feeding, and education aimed at the health information clients need to prevent or control the symptom of diarrhea.
Nurs Clin North Am 1990 Dec
PMID:Diarrhea. 223 42

Jaundice in the pediatric patient requires prompt and directed evaluation. This dictum is highlighted in infants with biliary atresia, in whom the progressive sclerosing process results in complete obliteration of patent but microscopic hilar biliary structures by 4 months of age. Kasai's operation, if done before that time, will re-establish bile drainage in 90% of infants. One fourth to one third of patients achieve long-term jaundice-free survival. Complications of cholangitis, portal hypertension, and fat malabsorption are experienced by many patients. In children with early or late operative failure, liver replacement now offers legitimate hope for extended survival. Choledochal cyst is a conglomerate of pancreaticobiliary anomalies consisting of a choledochal cyst, a common-channel-type pancreaticobiliary junction, intrahepatic cystic disease, and partial obstruction of the distal common bile duct. Many patients have one or more of these malformations. It is now widely accepted that the preferred treatment of choledochal cyst is total excision of the diseased biliary duct with reconstruction by Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy. "Internal" excision avoids injury to other structures in the hepatoduodenal ligament, particularly if pericystic inflammation is present. Congenital perforation of the common bile duct responds in most cases to simple peritoneal drainage of the perforation. Retention of the tube cholecystostomy is useful for subsequent cholangiographic follow-up. Tube cholecystostomy may also be useful for irrigation of the biliary tract in infants with inspissated bile syndrome.
Surg Clin North Am 1990 Dec
PMID:Congenital biliary tract disease. 224 22

The major purpose of this research was to gain insight into the effect of carbohydrate malabsorption on fecal water output. To do this we measured daily fecal output of total carbohydrate, reducing sugars, and organic acids (a product of bacterial fermentation). Normal subjects were studied in their native state and when diarrhea was induced by mechanisms that did and did not involve carbohydrate malabsorption. Patients with malabsorption syndrome were also studied. We concluded that: (a) Excretion of carbohydrate and its breakdown products can be expressed as a single number by converting organic acids to their monosaccharide equivalents. (b) Diarrhea per se causes only a trivial increase in fecal carbohydrate excretion. (c) The molar output of osmotic moieties in feces due to unabsorbed carbohydrate can be determined by adding fecal reducing sugars to organic acids and their obligated cations. This expression parallels almost exactly the effect of increasing doses of lactulose (a nonabsorbable sugar) on fecal water output; one excreted millimole obligates 3.5 g of stool water. This relationship can be used to predict the effect of carbohydrate malabsorption on stool water output in patients with diarrhea. (d) 12 of 19 patients with malabsorption syndrome due to various diseases had excessive fecal excretion of carbohydrate and its breakdown products; of the diseases that cause malabsorption syndrome, combined small and large bowel resection is most likely to result in excessive fecal excretion of carbohydrate and monosaccharide equivalents. In 6 of these 19 patients carbohydrate malabsorption appeared to be the major cause of diarrhea.
J Clin Invest 1990 Dec
PMID:Carbohydrate malabsorption. Its measurement and its contribution to diarrhea. 225 53

Relationships between nutrition and infection are generally complex, bidirectional, and not perfectly worked out. Healthy people can adapt to simple decreases in intake or increases in expenditure. However, the imposition of infection with associated cytokines may impair such adaptations, resulting in wasting of lean tissue. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, nutritional abnormalities are common. Lean body mass depletion is associated temporally with death in a subset of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. Weakness, fatigue, and anorexia are important symptomatic complaints affecting quality of life. Pathophysiologic mechanisms remain speculative, although there is reason to suspect four theoretic factors: decreased intake, malabsorption, hypermetabolism, and altered metabolism. More than one disturbance may be necessary for clinical wasting to develop; ie, a primary abnormality plus a failure of homeostatic adaptation. Excess cytokine production also may be involved, but this is uncertain. Therapeutics remain empiric in the absence of known mechanisms. Current options are restricted to diet adjustments or supplements, treatment of underlying diseases (where possible), and rarely, parenteral alimentation. Promising investigational possibilities include an appetite stimulant (megestrol acetate) and therapies to oppose cytokine production or actions, but definitive beneficial effects on nutritional status, subjective performance, disease activity, or survival have not yet been demonstrated. Advances in clinical therapeutics await an improved understanding of pathophysiologic mechanisms and carefully designed clinical trials testing proposed interventions.
Semin Oncol 1990 Dec
PMID:Current approach to the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-associated weight loss: pathophysiologic considerations and emerging management strategies. 225 24

The Authors examined 515 children with abdominal pain in the outpatient clinics for a period of two years. The pain was frequently periumbilical or mid epigastric with a history of more than two months. Persistent lactose malabsorption was found in 252 children (48,9%), which justifies the use of Breath Hydrogen Test as a first diagnostic procedure for assessing recurrent abdominal pain. Putative pathogens were identified in the stool specimens of 21 patients. Oesophagitis was diagnosed in 18 children and duodenal ulcer in one. 91 patients (less than 6 years old) improved after successful treatment of the chronic upper respiratory inflammations. The authors did not find any causes in 18.1 per cent of the children examined and they think that the abdominal pain in these children may be psychogenic. The use of high-fiber diet is proposed for the later group.
Orv Hetil 1990 Dec 02
PMID:[Chronic recurrent abdominal pain and lactose malabsorption in childhood]. 226 51


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