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Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Owren's disease is a rare hemorrhagic diathesis which can occur in infancy as a severe hemorrhagic disorder. It also appears in adult life when clinical manifestations are those of acquired deficiencies of other coagulation factors. A familial survey enables a definite diagnosis to be made as it demonstrates the presence of deficiency in factor V in one or several members of the family. Such a case is reported in a young adult with an associated intestinal malabsorption syndrome due to lambliasis. After administration of vitamin K the deficiency in factor V remained an isolated disorder, and the hemostatic anomaly was found in three other members of the family. The deficiency was a partial one, which explains why the Owren's disease only became evident during the course of the malabsorption syndrome due to lambliasis which caused a reduction in the level of vitamin K dependent factors II, VII, and X.
Ann Med Interne (Paris) 1979 Dec
PMID:[Partial congenital deficiency in factor V associated with an intestinal malabsorption syndrome due to lambliasis. A familial survey (author's transl)]. 53 80

A 21-year-old man presented with a 10-year history of a malabsorption syndrome of moderate severity, splenomegaly, and recurrent respiratory infections. Investigations revealed total atrophy of the villi and primary agammaglobulinemia. A gluten-free diet was ineffective. In spite of the absence of lambliasis, treatment with metronidazole produced objective clinical improvement and biological signs of healing of the malabsorption syndrome, but no alteration in the agammaglobulinemia. The authors discuss the relationship between total villous atrophy and primary agammaglobulinemias and the mode of action of metronidazole.
Ann Med Interne (Paris) 1979 Dec
PMID:[Total atrophy of the villi during primary agammaglobulinemia in adults. Therapeutic problems (author's transl)]. 53 85

Adults eating a Western diet digest and absorb ingested food containing approximately 100 g fat, 350 g carbohydrate, and 75 g protein daily. Normal fat absorption requires adequate gastric, pancreatic, liver-biliary, mucosal, and lymphatic function. Carbohydrate and protein absorption is much less dependent on liver-biliary and lymphatic function. The intestine has a large reserve capacity for digestion and absorption of nutrients which is due to both excess function and to adaptive changes which increase function in one segment of the digestive-absorptive system when it is decreased or lost in another segment. The large reserve capacity explains why most of the prevalent intestinal diseases seldom cause clinically detectable changes in absorption. However, there are more than 30 less-common human diseases which cause malabsorption of one or more nutrients. Those that cause the malabsorption syndrome, i.e., steatorrhea and weight loss, can be conveniently categorized according to the major deficiency leading to the absorptive defect as follows: insufficient pancreatic enzyme activity, insufficient bile acid, disease of the small intestinal wall, multiple defects, mechanism unknown, and drug-induced malabsorption. A few diseases, most of which are congenital, cause malabsorption of only one or a few related nutrients such as lactose malabsorption in lactase deficiency. Most of the tests currently in use for detecting and diagnosing the cause of malabsorption are relatively insensitive and nonspecific. Chemical analysis of the fat in a three-day stool collection remains the single best test for diagnosing the malabsorption syndrome. However, a breath test using Triolein labeled with either the radioactive or stable isotope of carbon may be an important recent advance. Other breath tests are also currently being investigated for quantitating absorption or malabsorption of various substances including bile acids and various sugars. Studies of the function of the intestinal epithelial cells are usually best accomplished using tissue obtained by per oral biopsy. Biopsy specimens are used for many types of study including light and electron microscopic examination, chemical and enzymatic assays, tissue culture, and uptake of various radiolabeled compounds.
Environ Health Perspect 1979 Dec
PMID:Normal and abnormal intestinal absorption by humans. 54 Jun 10

The intestinal tract, an organ of considerable complexity, requires application of numerous techniques for analysis of its physiology and perturbations by toxicologic agents. This review describes the methodology of importance in analysis of the absorptive function of the intestine and the transit of intestinal contents. Methods for studying absorption are categorized according to the technique for administering the test substance such as inclusion in the diet or by gastric and intestinal placement and the method of quantitating the degree of absorption such as determining the appearance of a test substance in systemic fluids or its disappearance from its site of administration in the intestine. In vitro techniques which have no in vivo analogs, such as the use of the everted sac, are briefly described and their limitations emphasized. Procedures of importance in the clinical diagnosis of malabsorption or in the experimental analysis of absorptive function in man are included and distinguished from techniques used in animal models. In addition, methods for studying aspects of gastrointestinal motility, including the use of luminal markers and analysis of the contractile and electrical activity of intestinal smooth muscle, are reviewed.
Environ Health Perspect 1979 Dec
PMID:Methods for the analysis of intestinal function. 54 Jun 16

Sixteen male patients with stable chronic obstructive airways disease were separated into two groups of eight according to arterial carbon dioxide tensions. Hypercapnia was associated with lower arterial oxygen tensions, higher red cell volume, and increased weight, while normocapnic subjects were decidedly thin. The considerable difference in body weight between the two groups could not be explained by variation in caloric intake, and malabsorption was excluded as a cause of weight loss in the underweight subjects. Serum tri-iodothyronine, thyroxine, cortisol, and oestradiol concentrations were similar and normal in each group, but both groups had significantly low testosterone values as compared with controls, values in the hypercapnic being appreciably lower than in the normocapnic group. The adrenal androgen dehydroepiandrosterone was significantly high in the normocapnic group and low in the hypercapnic group compared with controls. Serum pituitary luteinising and follicle stimulating hormones were normal, but three hypercapnic individuals had high serum prolactin values. Early morning urinary aldosterone values were significantly higher in the hypercapnic than in the normocapnic group. Such hormone comparisons have not previously been made in subjects with chronic obstructive airways disease grouped according to arterial blood gas values, and it is concluded that major alterations in adrenal and testicular function may occur, possibly due to pituitary suppression from hypoxia. Such hormonal changes might in part account for the contrasting alterations in body habitus found in this condition.
Thorax 1979 Dec
PMID:Diet, absorption, and hormone studies in relation to body weight in obstructive airways disease. 54 19

Lactose loading tests and other means were used to determine the pattern of primary "adult" lactose malabsorption (LM) and milk use among 171 subjects, including 122 children and 49 adults, almost all of them Pima Indians of Arizona. LM develops at quite young ages in full-blooded Pima children: already in the 3- to 4-year age group, 40% had LM. Of 62 full-blooded Indians (greater than or equal to 4 years of age), 59 (95%) had LM. Of 41 Indians (greater than or equal to 4 years) who were of mixed Indian-northern European ancestry, however, only 25 (61%) had LM, and, among them, prevalence of LM correlated with degree of northern European admixture. Whereas only 21% of Pima lactose absorbers reported symptoms after the loading test, 72% of malabsorbers did so, with older malabsorbers more likely to experience symptoms. In their everyday lives, only 23% of malabsorbers recognized symptoms brought on by milk consumption, but the percentage of malabsorbers making such an association increased with age. Nevertheless the Pima, adults as well as children, continue to drink reasonable quantities of milk. Family pedigrees are consistent with the hypothesis that adult lactose absorption is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Over-all results of this study, moreover, support the geographic hypothesis advanced to explain ethnic or racial differences in prevalence of LM, rather than the induction hypothesis.
Gastroenterology 1977 Dec
PMID:Lactose malabsorption among the Pima indians of Arizona. 57 95

Balance studies were performed in thirty-three post-menopausal women (all but five having vertebral crush fractures or femoral neck fractures) in the basal state and on treatment with 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 and/or oestrogenic hormones. The results suggest that the effectiveness of oestrogen therapy is limited by calcium malabsorption and the effectiveness of 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 is limited by oestrogen deficiency. The best results were obtained with combined therapy to remedy what appears to be two distinct deficiencies. To minimize the risks of hypercalcaemia and the possible risks of hormone therapy, we suggest that the treatment of choice in post-menopausal osteoporosis may be 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 1microgram daily and ethinyloestrodiol 25 microgram daily for 3 weeks in every 4. Patients on a low dietary intake of calcium should probably be given calcium supplements. With this regimen, it should not be necessary to screen patients initially for calcium malabsorption or oestrogen deficiency because the majority of patients present with a combination of the two factors.
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1977 Dec
PMID:The effect of 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 with and without oestrogens on calcium balance in post-menopausal women. 60 14

Malabsorption tests were studied in 52 patients with multiple sclerosis. The stools were examined microscopically for fat and undigested meat fibers and were found to be abnormal in 41.6 and 40.9% respectively. Abnormally low five hour excretion of d-xylose was demonstrated in 26.6% cases. Malabsorption of Vitamin B12 was found in 11.9% cases. The jejunal mucosa was examined histologically and by tissue immune technic including viral studies. Histology showed normal mucosa in all except seven patients in whom an increased inflammatory infiltrate was present. Fluorescent antibody studies revealed the presence of measles virus antigen in all patients and immunofluorescent studies showed a variable degree of immune reaction in the majority of cases. The significance of these findings in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis is discussed.
Am J Gastroenterol 1977 Dec
PMID:Multiple sclerosis and malabsorption. 61 12

In 4 children with celiac disease, aged 7 months to 11 years, serum somatomedin activities (SMA) were consistently low: less than 0.40 U/ml (N greater than 0.50 U/ml). Basal plasma growth hormone (GH) levels were not elevated and increased normally under arginine-insulin stimulation in 3 patients. Human GH administration at a dosage which usually determines an increase of serum SMA in children with GH deficiency (4 mg/day/2 days) did not modify significantly the low serum SMA. However, in 1 child a clear-cut increase of serum SMA (0.22-0.82 U/ml) was noted under a higher dosage of human GH (8 mg/day/2 days). In 3 patients serum SMA was studied 3 weeks to 4 months after starting the gluten-free diet and was found to be normal. A limitation of the somatomedin generation unrelated to a deficit in GH secretion and probably resistant to GH appears therefore to be present in celiac disease. The rapid normalization of serum SMA under gluten-free diet suggests that the low serum SMA is induced through some unknown hormonal or metabolic signal by the protein malabsorption and/or the nutritional deficiency present in celiac disease.
Helv Paediatr Acta 1978 Dec
PMID:Low serum somatomedin activity in celiac disease. A misleading aspect in growth failure from asymptomatic celiac disease. 73 1

In this 54 year old woman with celiac disease, osteomalacia developed while she was on a gluten-free diet which had caused regression of her steatorrhea. She was not responsive to large doses of parenterally administered dihydrotachysterol and calcium, but she was responsive to the oral administration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OHD3). The data suggest that 25-OHD3 is the treatment of choice for patients with vitamin D deficiency due to intestinal malabsorption.
Am J Med 1978 Dec
PMID:Osteomalacia and celiac disease: response to 25-hydroxyvitamin D. 74 23


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