Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is aptly named for the many scars it produces in the brain and spinal cord. A sometimes fatal, often debilitating disease, MS features autoimmune inflammatory attack against the myelin insulation of neurons. Thymus derived (T) cells sensitized against myelin self-antigens secrete tumor necrosis factor, cytokines, prostaglandins, and other inflammatory mediators that strip away the myelin and sometimes destroy the axons. Familial and twin inheritance studies indicate MS is mildly heritable. No single MS locus has been identified, but an HLA haplotype has been implicated. Unique geographic distribution of the disease is best attributed to some combination of vitamin D abnormality and dietary patterns. No pharmaceutical or other therapies exist that confer prolonged remission on MS, and obvious interrelationships between toxic, infectious, and dietary factors make a persuasive case for integrative management. The time-proven MS diet meticulously keeps saturated fats low, includes three fish meals per week, and eliminates allergenic foods. Dietary supplementation for MS minimally requires potent vitamin supplementation, along with the thiol antioxidants, the anti-inflammatory omega-3 fatty acids, and adaptogenic phytonutrients. Gut malabsorption and dysbiosis can be corrected using digestive enzymes and probiotics. Long-term hyperbaric oxygen therapy can slow or remit the disease. Transdermal histamine offers promise, and adenosine monophosphate may sometimes benefit. Chronic viruses and other infectious load must be aggressively treated and exercise should maintain muscle tone and balance. Early intervention with integrative modalities has the potential to make MS a truly manageable disease.
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PMID:Multiple sclerosis, an autoimmune inflammatory disease: prospects for its integrative management. 1180 46

In cystic fibrosis (CF), as a result of chronic pulmonary infections and digestive malabsorption, an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and their inactivation by protective systems is observed. This may cause impairment of cell metabolism and oxidative injury. The aim of this study was to examine whether markers of oxidative damage to protein (protein carbonyls) and lipids (malondialdehyde) may be modified in cystic fibrosis patients with pancreatic insufficiency. We have found that mean concentration of plasma protein carbonyls was 0.835 nmol/mg protein (the range of 0.31-1.71 nmol/mg protein) in CF patients (n = 57) and was higher by 30% than that in controls (n = 20). Plasma concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) was 2.98 mumol/l in the range of 1.23-4.77 mumol/l. Among fifty seven patients studied, in 30 children MDA level was elevated above the highest values observed in the healthy group (2.80 mumol/l). Total radical-trapping antioxidant parameters (TRAP) amounted to 629 mumol/l and 735 mumol/l in CF patients and control, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.005). The obtained results indicated that in CF patients oxidative stress caused oxidative modification of proteins and peroxidation of lipids which was accompanied by lowering of antioxidant protection. These results indicate that certain CF patients (especially those with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency) are susceptible to oxidative damage, therefore it seems that an adequate and balanced diet is essential for achieving and maintaining normal antioxidant defenses.
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PMID:[Markers of oxidative damage in blood of children with cystic fibrosis]. 1242 Mar 42

Vitamin E and carotenoids are known to act as antioxidants both in vitro and in vivo. In this review we present a series of studies in healthy subjects and in patients who exhibit either acute or chronic oxidative stress. In the EU-Commission funded VITAGE project we investigated the status and effects of vitamin E and carotenoids on oxidative stress in 300 healthy volunteers. Depletion studies limiting dietary vitamin E or carotenoid intake to approximately 25% of the dietary reference intakes and subsequent repletion by supplementation with either large doses of vitamin E or intermediate doses of carotenoids showed significant changes in ex vivo LDL oxidizability, total plasma peroxide concentrations and urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2(')-deoxyguanosine excretion. Patients on chronic hemodialysis present with oxidative stress in the presence of normal vitamin E but impaired vitamin C status and, due to anemia, need to be treated with parenteral iron. We studied the effects of a single oral dose of vitamin E taken 6 h prior to intravenous infusion of 100 mg iron, which exceeded the iron-binding capacity of transferrin. Vitamin E significantly reduced and in combination with a single dose of vitamin C completely abrogated acute oxidative stress induced by the iron load. Patients with cystic fibrosis are exposed to chronic oxidative stress due to an overproduction of reactive oxygen species as a result of neutrophil-dominated lung inflammation and impaired antioxidant status. Biochemical vitamin E and carotenoid deficiencies could be fully corrected even in the presence of fat malabsorption using intermediate doses of either RRR alpha-tocopherol or all-rac alpha-tocopheryl acetate and water-miscible all-trans beta-carotene. Long-term supplementation reduced ex vivo LDL oxidizability, in vivo lipid peroxidation and lung inflammation.
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PMID:Effects of vitamin E and carotenoid status on oxidative stress in health and disease. Evidence obtained from human intervention studies. 1458 10

Hypocalcification of the enamel is the most common developmental disorder observed in teeth. The prevalence of this kind of hypomineralisation is about 10-19%. These molars are often referred to as cheese molars, because the lesions clinically resemble cheese in color and consistency. Other descriptions are: idiopathic enamel hypomineralisation in the permanent first molars, idiopathic enamel opacities in the permanent first molars, non fluoride enamel hypomineralisation in the permanent first molars, non-endemic mottling of enamel in the permanent first molars. Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation is today the proposed expression for this disease. Occlusal surfaces of the first permanent molar are most commonly affected. The lesions are more frequent in the upper jaw than in the lower jaw. The incisors are affected to a lesser degree than the molars. Several aetiological factors can cause these defects. Some studies show a relation between intake of dioxins via mother's milk after prolonged breast feeding and developmental defects of the child's teeth. Because the ameloblasts are very sensitive to oxygen supply, complications involving oxygen shortages during birth or respiratory diseases such as asthma or bronchitis and pneumonia are discussed as further aetiological factors. Renal insufficiency, hypoparothyroidism, diarrhoea, malabsorption and malnutrition and high-fever diseases can be other reasons for the occurrence of these defects. Defective enamel can be a locus of lowered resistance for caries. Histologically there are areas of porosity of varying degrees. The affected teeth can be very sensitive to air, cold, warm and mechanical stimuli. Toothbrushing may create toothache in these teeth. We therefore suggest that these patients receive intensified prevention with fluoride varnish, a fissure sealing, GIZ, composits, stainless steel crowns or implants. In some cases an interdisciplinary approach with an orthodontist can result in the extraction of the molars in the age of 8 to 10 years.
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PMID:["Molar-incisor hypomineralization"]. 1510 1

Cardiovascular (CV) complications, associated with space flight (SF), are caused by microgravity, hypokinesia and radiation, particularly beyond earth orbit, with all three conducive to oxidative stress. Except for emergencies, pharmaceuticals appear to be contraindicated, because of unpredictable side effects from malabsorption (M) and potential hepatic and renal impairment. Magnesium (Mg) depletion and elevations of cytokines (interleukin 6) occur during SF, conducive to self-sustaining vascular inflammation mechanisms. There are potential endothelial injuries (EI) and reduced Cyclic GMP (a second messenger of nitric oxide: NO) and elevated urinary excretion of C-peptide (insulin resistance: IR). Recent findings that show reductions in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) suggest that this may result from SF-related thrombocytopenia since platelets (P) are the major source of VEGF, and that NO might play a role. Both VEGF and Mg are vital for angiogenesis, endothelial function and reendothelialization. Insulin is necessary for VEGF expression. To prevent SF-related CV complications in the presence of IR and M and with the potential for renal insufficiency, closely monitored subcutaneous (SC) Mg should be provided. The dosage can be monitored by sublingual intracellular Mg assays. Needed is development of a SC Mg reservoir device, which can be replenished before extra-vehicular activities (EVA) and which must be reliable despite vigorous movements during EVA, that can last up to 8 hours. This could also be protective against decompression sickness and EVA-related 100% oxygen requirements before and during this activity, both of which predispost to EI.
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PMID:The case for a subcutaneous magnesium product and delivery device for space missions. 1546 57

Patients with chronic cholestasis, particularly those with associated cirrhosis, are susceptible to infectious complications. A predictable consequence of cholestasis is malabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins and free radical scavengers. On the other hand, it has been postulated that cholestasis affects polymorphonuclear leukocytes function by impeding chemotaxis, phagocytosis and superoxide anion release in experimental animals. This work is aimed to evaluate the antioxidant status and phagocytic activity of neutrophils in chronic liver disease patients. 15 primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) patients, 15 primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) patients, 15 chronic viral hepatitis C (HCV) patients, and 15 healthy individuals (control group) were included in this study. Levels of catalase (Cat), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assessed in both serum and neutrophils homogenates. Neutrophils function was estimated by nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction assay. A marked decrease in the antioxidant status was observed in serum and neutrophils' homogenate of patients with chronic liver diseases compared to healthy subjects. Significant elevation of lipid peroxides was found in all groups of liver disease patients. The majority of patients had reduced value in NBT reduction assay, which suggested a lack of response to infection by neutrophils. In conclusion, deficient antioxidant defense mechanisms may lead to excess oxygen free radicals formation that promote the pathological process in the liver. The use of free radicals scavengers by chronic liver patients may potentiate the antioxidant defense system against oxidative stress.
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PMID:Study of antioxidant enzymes level and phagocytic activity in chronic liver disease patients. 1571 21

Intestinal pneumatosis cystoides is rarely diagnosed clinical entity characterized by multiple gas containing cysts inside the wall of the gastrointestinal tract. Primary (15%) and secondary (85%) forms are known. In the more frequent secondary forms small intestine and the right side of the colon are mainly affected, and the underlying pathology can be gastrointestinal, pulmonary or immunological. The 64 year old male patient reported by the authors showed clinical signs of severe malabsorption (his body weight: 47,5 kg, height: 178 cm, BMI: 15). The intestinal pneumatosis was diagnosed by exploration performed because of suspected perforation (pneumoperitoneum). Due to severe malabsorption the patient was admitted to Gastroenterological Department. Duodenoscopy and small bowel biopsy was performed. Small intestinal histology and presence of anti-gliadin and anti-endomysium antibody confirmed the suspected diagnosis of coeliakia. Parenteral nutrition, special gliadin free diet, hyperbaric oxygen inhalation, steroid, and metronidazole treatment resulted in a gradual improvement in the nutritional and general condition of the patient. After one year the patient is without complaints, he gained 24,5 kg body weight BMI: 22,5). The author's case points to a rare serious complication of non-treated coeliakia. Recognition of intestinal pneumatosis in time could have prevented surgical intervention in the high risk patient.
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PMID:[Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis, as a rare complications of coeliac disease]. 1580 88

Altitude exposure decreases energy intake and thus induces an energy deficit resulting in the loss of body mass. The energy deficit is worsened when energy expenditure is increased by exercise because the increase is not matched by an increased energy intake. The indicated fuel for the optimal use of the rarefied oxygen at altitude is carbohydrate. For optimal taste and maximizing energy intake, fat is the best. Protein should rather be limited because of its high thermic effect. Intestinal malabsorption probably does not play a role in the energy deficit. Even though the sensation of exertion during climbing at high altitude is intense, the actual energy expenditure is not high.
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PMID:Body mass regulation at altitude. 1635 12

Oral sildenafil has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment for pulmonary hypertension, and is increasingly used in children. We report an infant with pulmonary hypertension, stable on regular treatment with oral sildenafil, who presented in acute respiratory failure after aspiration, requiring ventilation and intensive care. The course of the stay in intensive care was difficult, with recurrent pulmonary hypertensive crises despite use of oral sildenafil, use of 100% oxygen, high frequency oscillatory ventilation, and inhaled nitric oxide. In view of his instability, and the presumed inability to absorb the sildenafil orally due to gastrointestinal malabsorption, sildenafil was administered as a continuous intravenous infusion. With this therapy, it proved possible to wean from oxygen, nitric oxide, and ventilatory support. Intravenous sildenafil, therefore, might be an effective alternative for children with pulmonary hypertension during episodes of acute deterioration and malabsorption, preventing life-threatening pulmonary hypertensive crises. Its pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety, nonetheless, need to be validated in randomized controlled trials.
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PMID:Intravenous sildenafil as an effective treatment of pulmonary hypertensive crises during acute intestinal malabsorption. 1645 84

Coccidiosis, often caused by Eimeria zuernii, is an important disease in calf rearing and is clinically mainly associated with diarrhoea (PR Fitzgerald in Adv Vet Sci Comp Med, 24:121-143, 1980). Calves were experimentally infected with E. zuernii oocysts to investigate the effects of artificial E. zuernii coccidiosis on electrolyte concentrations, acid-base balance and blood gases. Therefore, animals were assigned to three groups: group 1 (n = 14) served as uninfected control group, group 2 (n = 11) was infected with 150,000 sporulated E. zuernii oocysts per calf, and group 3 (n = 16) was infected with 250,000 sporulated E. zuernii oocysts per calf. Aberrances which were attributed to coccidiosis were observed in the following parameters: sodium and chloride concentrations, pH (only high-dose infected group 3), base excess, standard bicarbonate, total carbon dioxide and partial pressure of carbon dioxide. Alterations were most pronounced in the high-dose infected group 3. Anion gap and oxygen saturation did not show significant differences between the groups. Due to diarrhoea and malabsorption in coccidiosis-affected calves, there is a distinct loss not only of fluid and blood but also of electrolytes and alkaline buffer substances which provokes the development of an acidosis. This is counteracted by metabolism and respiration but cannot be compensated in severely affected and moribund calves.
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PMID:Influence of experimental Eimeria zuernii infection in calves on electrolyte concentrations, acid-base balance and blood gases. 1776 71


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