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Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Described here is a patient with severe watery diarrhea associated with common variable immunodeficiency. Malabsorption for fat, bile acids, vitamin B12 and xylose was demonstrated, but the patient failed to respond to all the usual therapeutic maneuvers. The diarrhea responded only to high dose steroid therapy. Intestinal perfusion studies showed a hitherto undescribed, presumably acquired, glucose-stimulated water, sodium and chloride secretion in the jejunum and ileum, whereas normal fluid and electrolyte transport occurred from bicarbonate and mannitol solutions. Glucose absorption itself was normal and no hormonal, morphologic or biochemical defect was demonstrated to account for the phenomenon. The patient was also interesting when compared with other patients with common variable immunodeficiency in having normal plasma cells in the intestinal mucosa and an extensive family involvement.
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PMID:Immunodeficiency, malabsorption and secretory diarrhea. A new syndrome. 47 4

Jejunoileal bypass surgery, designed to reproduce the human operation (long bypass) was contrasted with a short bypass of only a few centimeters of ileum in both genetically obese rats and their lean littermates. In comparison with the short-bypassed rats, long-bypassed rats of both genotypes lost weight and reduced food intake. When adjustments were made for group differences before surgery, no significant differences were detected in the effectiveness of the operation on the two genotypes. The reduction in food intake was accomplished by a decrease in meal size and an increase in intermeal interval. Food intake gradually returned in the long-bypassed rats toward its level in the short-bypassed rats. This increase was accomplished by an increase in meal size alone. Intermeal intervals remained prolonged. In the long-bypassed rats, compared with the short, meal duration was initially elevated and gradually increased more than did meal size, indicating a great slowing of eating rate. Water intake was unaffected, but water-to-food ratio was elevated initially and gradually declined in the long-bypassed rats. Learned food aversion, dehydration, and gastrointestinal and metabolic alterations due to malabsorption are mentioned as possible contributors to the reduction in food intake, but none of these alone can account for all the changes in meal pattern by which intake reduction is accomplished.
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PMID:Effects of jejunoileal bypass on meal patterns in genetically obese and lean rats. 47 94

Bilio-pancreatic bypass is a new procedure that tries to obtain a maldigestion syndrome with selective malabsorption of the main high calorie foods. The operation consists of a gastric resection and division of the proximal jejunum just distal to the ligament of Treitz. A gastroentero-anastomosis is then constructed using the distal end of the transected jejunum, while the proximal jejunum is anastomosed to the side of the distal ileum. An experimental study carried out on 12 dogs confirmed that the operation causes a selective malabsorption with loss of weight and no complications. On the basis of this study it is suggested that this procedure has the following advantages over jejuno-ileal bypass: (a) normal absorption of bile salts, water and electrolytes; (b) slow recovery of absorption; (c) absence of a blind loop.
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PMID:Bilio-pancreatic bypass for obesity: 1. An experimental study in dogs. 49 44

Uptake and serosal transfer of the vitamins thiamine, riboflavin and folic acid have been studied in vivo in normal and parasitized rats infected with Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda). Regional differences in intestinal uptake of all three vitamins in both uninfected and parasitized animals were not satistically significant. In the parasitized intestine mucosal uptake and serosal transfer of thiamine were significantly inhibited, with increased mucosal accumulation of the vitamin as luminal thiamine concentration increased. Apparent increased riboflavin mucosal uptake in parasitized animals, was not matched by the reduced serosal transfer, suggesting adsorption of the vitamin in the unstirred aqueous layers. Mucosal uptake of folic acid increased in the parasitized gut; serosal transfer and mucosal accumulation were not affected. These results, indicating vitamin malabsorption associated with infection by H. diminuta, are consistent with the parasite inhibiting mucosal passive transport mechanisms. This conclusion is supported by the changes in net water fluxes associated with vitamin uptake in the parasitized intestine.
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PMID:Vitamin absorption in the in vivo intestine of normal and infected (Hymenolepis diminuta: Cestoda) rats. 54 94

Although a neuromuscular syndrome has been induced experimentally by vitamin E deficiency, a human syndrome has not yet been documented. This report describes a 7-year-old boy with severe malabsorption since birth who presented with progressive external ophthalmoplegia, proximal muscle weakness, peripheral neuropathy, hyporeflexia, and bilateral Babinski signs. Abnormalities on neurologic examination included elevated creatine phosphokinase and aldolase, slowed distal sensory latencies, type II muscle fiber atrophy, and a plasma vitamin E level of 8 microgram per deciliter (normal, 550-1500 microgram per deciliter). Treatment with oral water-solubilized vitamin E (400 IU daily; greater than 50 times the normal daily intake) was begun, with repeat laboratory studies at 3-month intervals. Over a 16-month period, plasma vitamin E content gradually increased to 350 microgram per deciliter, associated with declining sarcoplasmic enzyme activities and clinical improvement.
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PMID:Reversibility of human myopathy caused by vitamin E deficiency. 57 10

1. Glucose absorption, water absorption and dipeptide hydrolase activities have been determined in isolated rat small intestine at 1, 3, 5 and 21 days after a single intraperitoneal injection of 5-fluorouracil. 2. Absorption rates and enzyme activities were elevated 1 day after treatment, but were reduced to 40% of control values at 3 and 5 days. Changes were seen regardless of whether absorption was expressed per unit length or per unit dry weight of intestine. 3. There were highly significant positive correlations between glucose or water absorption rates and peptidase activities, especially in proximal jejunum. The most significant correlation was observed between water absorption rate and jejunal L-Leu-Gly hydrolase activity. 4. Malabsorption may account for some of the gastrointestinal side effects associated with treatment with 5-fluorouracil. Enzyme measurements may be useful as an index of intestinal function.
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PMID:Changes in absorptive and peptide hydrolase activities in rat small intestine after administration of 5-fluorouracil. 63 72

Malabsorption of cerebrospinal fluid was made experimentally by the administration of neutral carbon black suspension into the lateral ventricles of 22 adult cats. The compartmental analysis of intracranial pressure at the intraventricular fluid and tissue pressure in the cerebral white matter was carried out in the early stage of the communicating hydrocephalus. Following results were obtained: 1) Cerebrospinal fluid pressure from the lateral ventricle was always significantly higher than that from the brain tissue during the process of ventricular expansion. 2) Water content in the cerebral white matter was correspondingly increased when the pressure difference with greater value in ventricular fluid pressure was maintained. However tissue water content was decreased definitively when such pressure values at two compartments were equalized due to augment of the tissue pressure component. 3) Decreasing of cerebral blood flow demonstrated in spite of relatively higher value of cerebral perfusion pressure. From these findings the authors speculated that a higher pressure in the ventricular system will be a driving force, by which the enlargement of ventricular system was induced.
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PMID:[Measurement of ventricular fluid pressure and brain tissue pressure in acute experimental communicating hydrocephalus (author's transl)]. 71 48

The short-term tolerability of two types of end-to-end jejuno-ileal bypasses with different distal ileal loop lengths was evaluated. A comparison was made for 20 days of the behaviour of the main parameters influenced by the malabsorption syndrome thus induced. It was found that the operation involving a greater loss of small intestine was burdened with a greater number of discharges per day, an increase in total water loss, and an elevatem operative risk. This was compensated by more rapid and more evident loss of weight. Evaluation of the real meaning of the inversion of the A:G ratio observed in the short term with this type of operation was postponed to allow a longer follow-up period to run.
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PMID:[Short-term tolerability of 2 types of termino-terminal jejuno-ileal bypass]. 73 71

Magnesium deficiency can occur in congestive heart failure, after diuresis with furoxemide, ethacrynic acid and mercurials, and with digitalis intoxication, diabetic acidosis, acute and chronic alcoholism, delerium tremens, cirrhosis, malabsorption syndromes, protracted postoperative cases, open heart surgery, the diuretic phase of acute tubular necrosis, and with hypoparathyroidism, primary aldosteronism, juxta-glomerular hyperplasia and pancreatitis. Two cases of serious ventricular arrhythmias associated with magnesium depletion are described. Clinical manifestations are vague but center around neurologic symptoms such as weakness, tremors, stupor, coma, nausea, vomiting and anorexia. Serious cardiac arrhythmias also occur with magnesium depletion. Magnesium appears to be very useful in hypomagnesemic or digitalis-toxic tachyarrhythmias. Magnesium may also be valuable in normomagnesemic tachyarrhythmias. Ten to fifteen milliliters of a 20 percent magnesium sulfate solution, given intravenously over 1 minute, followed by a slow 4 to 6 hour infusion of 500 ml of 2 per cent magnesium sulfate in 5 per cent dextrose in water is recommended. Recurrence of arrhythmias is common and a second infusion of magnesium sulfate may be necessary. Hypermagnesemia occurs frequently in renal insufficiency, and magnesium therapy may then be contraindicated. Serum levels above 5.5 meq/liter should be avoided. Loss of deep tendon reflexes and a decrease in respiratory rate can be used as guides to magnesium therapy. A plea is made for frequent analysis of serum magnesium so that more knowledge can be gained regarding this important biologic element in cardiovascular disorders.
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PMID:Magnesium deficiency and cardiac disorders. 80 29

In terms of a short review indications and applications of infusion therapy in gastroenterology (concerning vomiting, fistulas, diarrhea, ileus and peritonitis) are discussed. It is pointed out that in cases of water and electrolyte deficiency a rigid regimen is not reasonable. If possible a balance should be obtained. Parenteral nutrition is applied in obstructions of the upper gastrointestinal tract and in maldigestion and malabsorption.
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PMID:[Infusion therapy in gastrointestinal diseases]. 81 18


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