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Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To investigate whether vitamin B12 malabsorption in rats with choledochocolic fistulae is caused by bacterial overgrowth, we studied intestinal bacterial metabolic activity in choledochocolic fistula-operated rats, self-filling blind-loop-operated rats, and sham-operated rats. Fistula-operated rats had a moderate indicanuria compared with sham-operated ones, whereas the faecal excretion of nitrogen was unchanged. There was no difference in the amounts of radioactivity recovered in sediments of intestinal contents after an oral dose of 57CoB12, indicating unaltered bacterial uptake of vitamin B12 in fistula rats. The 14C-xylose breath test showed bacterial overgrowth in blind-loop rats only. Neomycin treatment of fistula rats diminished the excretion of indican but did not alter the absorption of vitamin B12. The results suggest moderately increased activity of indole-producing bacteria in fistula rats, but they do not support the hypothesis that vitamin B12 malabsorption is caused by bacterial overgrowth.
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PMID:Is vitamin B12 malabsorption in bile fistula rats due to bacterial overgrowth? A study of bacterial metabolic activity in the small bowel. 313 37

Current knowledge is examined about the means whereby ascariasis, hookworm disease, strongyloidiasis and trichuriasis may contribute to the aetiology of human malnutrition. Results from experiments with related parasites in the laboratory have demonstrated the role of gastrointestinal helminthiases in animal malnutrition. Some evidence shows that in children, infection with the intestinal stages of Ascaris lumbricoides is associated with reduced growth rate, disturbed nitrogen balance, malabsorption of vitamin A, abnormal fat digestion, lactose maldigestion and an increased intestinal transit time. The main impact of hookworm infection is its relationship with iron-deficiency anaemia which may have effects at the community level as regards work and productivity in adults and learning and school performance in children. More research is needed to extend knowledge of the nutritional impact of ascariasis and hookworm disease in order to establish their public health significance. Research is needed also to identify the range of nutritional effects on man that occur as a result of trichuriasis and strongyloidiasis. The significance of less prevalent and more localized gastrointestinal helminthiases should not be ignored.
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PMID:Nutritional aspects of infection. 329 87

We have developed a "fecalogram" to present the analytical results for four characteristics of fecal specimens: dry weight, total nitrogen, total fat, and hydrolyzed fat, measured by near-infrared spectroscopy. This technique gives results as precise as those of more traditional analyses for these four components. The respective correlation coefficients are 0.973, 0.960, 0.974, and 0.978. The CVs for this technique range from 1.19% to 2.88%. Among the digestive disorders revealed by this fecalogram is steatorrhea, which can be differentiated as being of pancreatic or intestinal etiology. The percentage of total fat that is hydrolyzed is significantly (P less than 0.0001) greater in patients with malabsorption (greater than 70%) than in those with maldigestion (less than 70%).
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PMID:Value of a spectroscopic "fecalogram" in determining the etiology of steatorrhea. 333 85

A previous study indicated increased urea production and low nitrogen (N) retention on a free amino acid elemental formula (FAA; Vivonex-HN). The limitations of this earlier study were: irregular nitrogen absorption in the malabsorption patients, high nitrogen intake, and failure to match FAA to control formula (hydrolyzed casein; CAS; Criticare-HN) with respect to kcal/nitrogen. A more critical test of FAA quality was sought in the current study. Four healthy males received the minimal daily nitrogen requirements (0.6 g protein/kg) from either FAA or CAS in a 10-day balance study; a second balance on the alternate formula followed. Maintenance energy, minerals, and vitamins were supplied in each period. The results indicated a higher apparent nitrogen absorption (p less than 0.05) from FAA relative to CAS in the first 5 days of the balance, although these differences were no longer present in the remaining 5 days of the period. Urinary total nitrogen increased on FAA, most of which could be accounted for by urea nitrogen; urinary creatinine nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, and uric acid nitrogen were nearly identical between formulas. The unmeasured fraction of urinary nitrogen was markedly diminished on FAA while the urea nitrogen to total nitrogen ratio was significantly increased (p less than 0.05) compared to CAS. During the initial 5 days of study nitrogen balance was lower on FAA than on CAS and this difference became significant during the last 5 days of the period (mean +/- SD for FAA = -0.42 +/- 0.59 g/D vs CAS = 0.98 +/- 0.30 g/day, p less than 0.001). Hyperglycinemia was consistently present during FAA infusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Free amino acid formula: nitrogen utilization and metabolic effects in normal subjects. 343 Jun 85

10,000 faeces samples-from 9,120 adults and 880 children were examined to evaluate the faecal excretions. Giardia intestinalis was identified in 111 of those samples (84 adults and 27 children). A higher infection rate of G. Intestinalis was observed in child and male adult groups. Nitrogen excretion was evaluated and compared with fat excretion for the first time in the case of giardiasis. When malabsorption was obvious, both fat and nitrogen increased with generally moderate values. The malabsorption was much more frequent among children (88.9%) than among adults (26%) (p less than 0.001). These results could explain the fast settlement and the frequency of growth troubles in childhood. Giardiasis should be systematically and carefully investigated in a malabsorption in the person of a child.
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PMID:[Giardia intestinalis: comparative study of lipid and nitrogen fecal excretions in adults and children with parasites]. 353 27

Protein, fat and carbohydrate absorption in preterm infants fed on human milk or formulae are reviewed. Even in the most premature infants absorption of protein is satisfactory. Nitrogen net absorption is about 85-90% of intake and results slightly lower with human milk than with formulae. The lower apparent digestibility of human milk is probably due to the poorly degraded IgA immunoglobulins and the rapid transit time. Lactose is well tolerated by the preterm infants despite the low lactase activity at birth. Glucose polymers, which have a low osmotic activity and are suitable for increasing carbohydrate intake of formulae, are well absorbed probably for the activity of salivary amylase and brush border glucoamylase, which have been shown to be well developed at birth. Premature infants absorb fat poorly. This malabsorption that increases with the lowering of gestational age is due to low pancreatic lipase activity and to low intraluminal concentration of bile salts. Due to its bile stimulated lipase activity, non-heat-treated human milk used at least in part is an effective method to improve fat absorption in preterm infants. Faecal energy determined using a calorimetric bomb appears to be a simple and an accurate method to predict faecal fat and avoiding expensive and cumbersome analysis.
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PMID:[Absorption of proteins, carbohydrates and fats in the preterm neonate]. 357 19

From a systematic neonatal screening for cystic fibrosis in the Basse-Normandie area and to prevent disorders of the intestinal transit related to malabsorption, neonates then infants were given a semi-elemental hypercaloric diet, with supplements in nitrogen, MCT, minerals, vitamins and low in LCT. Diets were adjusted every month during a consultation using clinical and biological parameters. Results in the first 14 children showed that clinically as well as biologically, these children may remain within the normal range, avoiding the previously reported growth retardation and mineral or vitamin deficiencies. This procedure should allow an improvement in the quality of life and prognosis of such children, by maintaining adequate nutritional status.
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PMID:[Nutritional management of neonates and infants with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas detected at birth]. 376 82

An experiment was conducted to examine the effect of pathogenic Escherichia coli inoculated into the yolk sac of day-old turkeys. Escherichia coli was isolated from the yolk sac of stunted poults and inoculated directly into the yolk sac of day-old birds. Poults were administered either .1 ml of uninoculated sterile Todd-Hewitt broth or .1 ml of a 10(-3) or 10(-2) dilution of a 24-hr E. coli culture containing 3.4 X 10(8) viable bacteria/ml. In addition, poults were fed either 28 or 22% protein diets from 0 to 21 days of age to form a 3 X 2 factorial arrangement. Body weight gain and feed consumption were measured weekly, and dry matter and protein retention and nitrogen-corrected metabolizable energy were measured from 7 to 10 and 17 to 20 days postinoculation. Intestinal mucosal dipeptidase and maltase activities were determined at 21 days of age. Average mortality by 7 days of age was increased from 1 to 36% from the E. coli inoculation of the yolk sac. Escherichia coli significantly depressed body weight gain and feed consumption 27 and 30, 13 and 16, and 6 and 8%, respectively, during the first, second, and third weeks of the experiment but failed to affect feed efficiency. Feeding a 28% protein diet alleviated the depression in feed consumption and body weight gain to some extent compared with a substantial depression at 22% protein. Nitrogen content and gross energy of the excreta were increased by both dilutions of E. coli for the 7 to 10-day period; this was indicative of a malabsorption of nutrients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Dietary protein and yolk sac inoculation with Escherichia coli in young turkeys. 389 12

Coeliac disease is a clinical condition characterised by malabsorption secondary to abnormalities of the small intestine. The condition is known to be exacerbated by wheat gliadin, rye, barley and possibly oats. The only assays that are available for testing for the presence of wheat gluten in foods are double diffusion against rabbit anti-gliadin antiserum and measurement of Kjeldahl nitrogen in products derived from wheat flour. We have developed a radioimmunoassay for wheat gliadin with a detection limit of 1 ng. Nominally gluten free foods based on wheat starch have been shown to contain up to 1.9 X 10(-2)% wheat gliadin. Bread made from Nutregen wheat starch which has now been withdrawn contains 6.4 mg gliadin per standard 30 g slice. A radioimmunoassay for wheat gliadin could be used to define standards for the suitability of gluten free products based on wheat starch for patients with coeliac disease.
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PMID:A radioimmunoassay for wheat gliadin to assess the suitability of gluten free foods for patients with coeliac disease. 398 95

Patients with cystic fibrosis have an increased proportion of glycine conjugated bile acids with diminished tauroconjugates which could contribute to fat malabsorption. Twenty-two CF children with documented steatorrhea were supplemented with taurine capsules (30 mg/kg/day) and placebo during separate 6-month treatment periods. Alteration of the glycine/taurine conjugation pattern was verified in two patients who showed a predominance of tauroconjugates as a result of taurine supplementation. On taurine, steatorrhea was reduced (p less than 0.05) by 17.6 +/- 9.7% in 19 patients who completed the study as was the excretion of long-chain saturated fatty acids. There was no change in linoleic acid (C 18:2) excretion. In the 10 patients with a more severe degree of steatorrhea the decrease in fat loss approached 20% and a close relationship was found (r = 0.84, p less than 0.01) between the extent of the fatty acid loss on placebo and the decrease of this loss on taurine. A linear relationship was found between the percentage decrease of individual fatty acids and their log solubility in water. No change was found in the daily excretion of bile acids, neutral sterols, and nitrogen. Fasting plasma fatty acids, cholesterol, and triglycerides were also unchanged. Monitoring of growth over the two 6-month periods revealed a marginal (p less than 0.1) increase of weight velocity expressed as a percentage expected for age (83.4 +/- 11.3----117.1 +/- 16.5). The increase in height velocity in response to taurine showed a more modest trend (95.3 +/- 7.8----110.7 +/- 10.6).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of taurine supplements on fat absorption in cystic fibrosis. 401 38


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