Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eosinophilic gastroenteropathy is an uncommon, idiopathic disease in children that is characterized by eosinophilic inflammation of the intestine. Predominant involvement of the mucosa is associated with diarrhea and less commonly gastrointestinal protein and fat malabsorption. A seven-year-old female was diagnosed with eosinophilic gastroenteritis. This condition was proven by biopsies attained through an endoscope. The most common symptoms were abdominal pain, diarrhea and edema. The patient had no eosinophilia. Her serum immunoglobulin E level was increased (1590 mg/dl). Barium studies revealed mucosal thickening of the antrum, distal jejunum and proximal ileum and prominent mucosal folds of the colon. Ultrasound examination revealed thickening of the colonic wall. The patient was treated with prednisolone (2 mg/kg/day). The symptoms subsided and serum immunoglobulin E decreased to 500 mg/dl 45 days later. The patient is being followed with a small maintenance dose of prednisolone with no relapse.
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PMID:Eosinophilic gastroenteritis presenting as protein--losing enteropathy (case report). 773 7

During construction of an ileocecal reservoir, such as the Mainz or Indiana pouch, the ileocecal valve is lost. Subsequently, the intestinal transit time is shortened and malabsorption as well as diarrhea may result. Patients having undergone previous bowel resection as well as children with myelomeningocele who often already have frequent defecations will be heavily affected by the loss of the ileocecal valve. We have functionally reconstructed the ileocecal valve by embedding ileum into the ascending colon via a submucosal tunnel in analogy to the technique used when creating the continence mechanism during the Mainz pouch procedure using the appendix. Experimental results in 15 dogs demonstrated that the surgically reconstructed valve genuinely mimics the physiological function of the authentic valve and confirmed a marked transit time prolongation without evidence of obstruction. Our first clinical experience in 12 patients using this operative technique is promising. Equally, the morphological appearance of the newly created valve closely resembles the genuine ileocecal valve during barium enema as well as endoscopic investigations.
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PMID:Ileocecal valve reconstruction during continent urinary diversion. 784 56

Abdominal infections or tumors in the immunocompromised host are both common in AIDS but uncommon in transplant recipients. The role of diagnostic imaging modalities differs in the patients with specific symptoms such as dysphagia, diarrhea, malabsorption and jaundice and in the patients with aspecific clinical findings such as fever, weight loss, superficial lymphadenopathies and abdominal pain. In the former patients, the symptoms suggest a disease of one or more alimentary tracts, in which case radiology is ancillary to clinics and endoscopy plays the leading role to make the diagnosis. However, X-ray barium studies yield valuable information on different types of infections--e.g., Candida, Cytomegalovirus, mycobacterium avium intracellulare and Cryptococcus infections--in Kaposi's sarcoma and in gastrointestinal lymphoma. In these cases CT findings may suggest the diagnosis. In the patients with aspecific findings, US, as an easy immediate examination, and CT, as a panoramic means, can demonstrate deep lymphadenopathies and focal parenchymal lesions which are sometimes suspected to be abscesses or tumors. Moreover, both methods can provide indications and guide to percutaneous needle biopsies. Especially CT findings can distinguish mycobacterial infections from neoplastic lesions on the basis of the involved anatomical sites and of densitometric features. US and CT are useful means to monitor HIV+ subjects, to manage AIDS patients and to follow-up transplant recipients.
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PMID:[Abdominal manifestations in immunocompromised patients]. 820 25

Immunoproliferative small intestinal disease (IPSID) is prevalent in the Mediterranean region and in many Third World countries but is rare in Southeast Asia. Between 1980-1990, 4 cases of IPSID were admitted to Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok. Three were males and the mean age was 32 +/- 20.2 years. All patients presented with chronic diarrhea of 7 months to 6 years duration, and weight loss of 15 to 31 kg. All were malnourished, three cachectic, and one patient showed growth retardation. Intestinal parasites were found in all cases: two had multiple infections and three had uncommon protozoal infections (coccidium, cryptosporidium). Barium radiographs revealed intestinal mucosal fold thickening with malabsorption pattern in all cases. Alpha chain IgA was detected in one patient. The remainder underwent exploratory laparotomy and the histological finding was of plasma lymphocytic infiltration of the small intestinal mucosa. All patients responded to oral tetracycline with complete remission occurring in one case. During the follow-up period, 3 cases had progressive retractable clinical courses but all died 2 to 5 years after the diagnosis. The causes of death in these patients were secondary bacterial infection (1 case), intestinal tuberculosis (1 case), fungal infection (1 case) and immunoblastic sarcoma in another case. The results of this study confirm the occurrence of IPSID in Thailand. IPSID responds to oral antibiotic therapy and complete remission may be achieved during the early reversible benign phase, thus an awareness of its occurrence is of clinical importance.
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PMID:Immunoproliferative small intestinal disease (IPSID) in Thailand. 836 83

We report two cases of Chagas' disease with megacolon who presented with chronic diarrhea. One of the patients also had evidence of malabsorption, such as steatorrhea and hypocalcemia. Barium meal follow-through showed remarkable dilation of the jejunum in both cases and, in one of them, an associated megaduodenum. Manometric studies of gastrointestinal motility showed abnormally slow propagation of the interdigestive migrating motor complex, which was also excessively prolonged. Cultivation of jejunal aspirates revealed strict anaerobic bacterial growth in both cases. Oral antibiotic therapy led to substantial improvement in symptoms. The two cases herein reported indicate that clinical manifestations of small bowel bacterial overgrowth, possibly caused by motor disturbances associated with megajejunum, may occasionally include the clinical picture of gastrointestinal involvement in Chagas' disease.
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PMID:[Small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome in chagasic megajejunum: report of 2 cases]. 854 Jul 99

We report a case of enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL) of the jejunum in a 56-year-old man. The patient suffered for several years from nonspecific abdominal complaints, with no clinical evidence of malabsorption. The patient underwent extensive imaging procedures including barium meal and computed tomography. Computed tomography of the abdomen showed small mesenteric lymph nodes and an area of intestinal wall thickening. Barium meal demonstrated a short jejunal stricture. Histology revealed lymphoma of the jejunum, with microscopic changes distant from the lesion consistent with celiac disease. The spectrum of EATL ranges from patients with frank celiac disease, to patients with only immunohistochemical evidence of celiac disease, who develop small bowel lymphoma.
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PMID:Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma: a case report with radiographic and computed tomography appearance. 917 68

The aim of the study was to determine whether the specificity of the [14C]d-xylose breath test could be improved, by excluding false-positive tests due to premature colonic metabolism of the [14C]d-xylose caused by rapid colonic transit. Forty-seven patients with suspected small bowel bacterial overgrowth were investigated by (1) aspiration and culture of duodenal fluid and (2) a [14C]d-xylose breath test. Those with either a positive duodenal culture or breath test had a repeat [14C]d-xylose breath test given with one of three transit markers (barium, Gastrografin or 99mTc-labeled tin colloid) to determine if the site of metabolism was in the small bowel or colon. Fourteen patients had positive duodenal cultures, four of whom had a negative [14C]d-xylose breath test, 15 patients had a positive [14C]d-xylose breath test, three of which were due to colonic metabolism of the xylose. Where transit markers were used, 14C was detectable in the breath and serum before barium had entered the small bowel, thus the barium did not comigrate with the xylose. Gastrografin accelerated small bowel transit, leading to malabsorption of the xylose in the small intestine and subsequent colonic metabolism of the xylose. 99mTc-labeled tin colloid had no obvious disadvantages and appeared to be the marker of choice. The use of a transit marker increased the specificity of the [14C]d-xylose breath test from 85% to 94%. The specificity of the [14C]d-xylose breath test for the detection of small bowel bacterial overgrowth is improved to greater than 90% by the use of an appropriate transit marker.
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PMID:Improvement in specificity of [14C]d-xylose breath test for bacterial overgrowth. 928 21

A 22-year-old Nepali man presented with a 2-month history of fever, ill health, anorexia, loss of weight and diarrhoea. Apart from an ill-defined lower abdominal mass, physical examination was unremarkable. Investigations showed the picture of malabsorption syndrome with no evidence of structural gastro-intestinal tract involvement on barium meal, small bowel and large bowel enema, upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy, colonoscopy and mucous membrane biopsy. Laparoscopy showed typical features of tuberculous peritonitis. Liver biopsy showed tuberculous granulomatous hepatitis, and peritoneal biopsy showed caseating granulomata. The patient responded rapidly to antituberculosis chemotherapy.
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PMID:Malabsorption syndrome complicating tuberculous peritonitis. 944 Oct 65

Bile acids normally undergo enterohepatic circulation. When this circulation is interrupted, bile acids enter the colon in increased concentrations. Here, they produce Cl- secretion by a calcium- and cyclic AMP-dependent mechanism, resulting in diarrhea. Cholestasis may lead to serum bile acid concentrations high enough to produce colonic secretion by serosal surface effects. When resection or disease interferes with ileal function, the resulting diarrhea can be clearly attributed to bile acid malabsorption. In other states, such as postcholecystectomy diarrhea and idiopathic bile acid diarrhea, the role of bile acids is less well defined. 23-75Selena-25-homotaurocholic acid provides a way of tracing the metabolism of bile acids and their enterohepatic circulation in vivo. Metabolized similarly to natural bile acids, its circulation is easily traced by scintigraphy. Barium x-rays, serum concentrations of bile acids or bile acid intermediates, and tests of vitamin B12 absorption provide indirect measures of ileal function. Careful history and examination combined with one of many the available tests of ileal function allow a diagnosis. A therapeutic trial with a bile acid binding resin confirms the impression and treats the diarrhea.
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PMID:Bile acid diarrhea. 957 77

Complications of intestinal tuberculosis may be masked. This study aims to heighten awareness of these unusual clinical complications and the radiological findings in such cases. Over a period of 5 years, 21 patients with proven intestinal tuberculosis, 13 of whom presented with complications, are presented in this report. Radiological diagnosis was by barium gastrointestinal studies and computed tomographic (CT) evaluation. Surgical specimens and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis. The commonest complication was intestinal obstruction (N = 6). Others were esophagobronchial and duodenocolic fistulas (N = 2), significant gastrointestinal hemorrhage (N = 3) caused by ulcers in the small bowel and colon, and malabsorption syndrome (N = 3) caused by diffuse small bowel infiltration in 2 cases and duodenocolic fistula in the third case. None of the patients presented were immunocompromised. Though uncommon, tuberculosis should be considered in patients presenting clinically with intestinal obstruction, significant gastrointestinal hemorrhage and malabsorption state.
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PMID:Radiological evaluation of complications of intestinal tuberculosis. 958 53


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