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Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have studied 5 infants with persistent severe diarrhea from birth and marked abnormalities of absorption associated with failure to thrive leading to death in 4 infants. Three had siblings who died and a sibling of a 4th is ill at present, all with a similar illness; 2 were the products of consanguinous marriages. Exhaustive investigation failed to identify a recognized disease entity in any patient. Steatorrhea, sugar malabsorption, dehydration, and acidosis were severe in all patients, whatever the diet fed. Total parenteral nutrition was used, but excessive stool water and electrolyte losses persisted even when nothing was fed by mouth. There was no evidence of a hematological or consistent immunological defect in any infant and no abnormalities of intestinal hormones were noted. In the duodenal mucosa of all infants we saw similar abnormalities characterized by villus atrophy, crypt hypoplasia without an increase in mitoses or inflammatory cell infiltrate in the lamina propria and in villus enterocytes absence of a brush border, increase in lysosome-like inclusions, and autophagocytosis. In 3 infants studied by marker perfusion of the proximal jejunum we found abnormal glucose absorption and a blunted response of Na+ absorption to actively transported nonelectrolytes; in 2 there was net secretion of Na+ and H2O in the basal state. Our patients evidently suffered from a congenital enteropathy which caused profound defects in their capacity to assimilate nutrients. The similar structural lesion seen in the small intestinal epithelium of all of our cases undoubtedly contributed to their compromised intestinal function, but the pathogenesis of this disorder, if indeed it is a single disease, remains obscure.
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PMID:Familial enteropathy: a syndrome of protracted diarrhea from birth, failure to thrive, and hypoplastic villus atrophy. 10 Mar 67

Juvenile rats fed a diet containing 1% lead acetate for 7 weeks, in addition to an impaired growth rate and renal function derangements, suffered malabsorption of glucose and certain amino acids, as assessed by an in vivo perfusion technique. The reduction in glucose absorption ranged between 10% and 31% when the carbohydrate was pumped in concentrations of 2-80 mM. This alteration was compatible with a noncompetitive type of transport inhibition. The intestinal absorption of glycine, lysine, and phenylalanine were, respectively, decreased 22, 18, and 15% when these amino acids were present at 1 mM levels. Sodium transport was severely reduced (57.6 +/- 17.9 (SEM) vs. 124.2 +/- 17.4 muEq/min-cm) and intestinal mucosa (Na+-K+)-ATPase was concomitantly lower in the lead-intoxicated rats (186.4 +/- 19.0 vs 268.4 +/- 29.8 nmol P/min-mg protein). However, this enzyme was not altered in liver and kidney. Furthermore, intestinal mucosa fructose-1,6-diphosphatase, succinic dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase, and tryptophan hydroxylase were not different in experimental and control animals. These studies substantiate the presence of functional and biochemical abnormalities in the intestinal mucosa of young rats when fed substantial amounts of a soluble lead salt. It is, therefore, reasonable to accept the possibility that physiologic damage occurs in tissues directly subjected to high and persistent levels of a toxic agents, as it occurs in other organs, underscoring the parallelism between transport mechanisms at the renal and intestinal levels.
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PMID:Experimental lead poisoning and intestinal transport of glucose, amino acids, and sodium. 13 38

The effect of a new complex oligosaccharide exhibiting potent inhibitory action on alpha-glucoside hydrolases on intestinal absorption of sucrose in man was tested by constant in vivo perfusion of the jejunum. At concentrations of 4.65 or 15.5 X 10(-6)M the alpha-glucosidehydrolase inhibitor (alpha-GHI) markedly inhibited absorption of glucose from sucrose and absorption of sodium and water. Oral administration of the alpha-GHI resulted as well in depression of solute, sodium, and water absorption. This new compound can serve as an interesting tool to induce carbohydrate malabsorption by inhibition of final digestion and may possibly be of beneficial therapeutic effect in dietary control of diabetes or obesity.
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PMID:Effect of alpha-glucosidehydrolase inhibition and intestinal absorption of sucrose, water, and sodium in man. 38 40

The absorption of fat, bile salts, and vitamin B12 was studied in 14 proctocolectomised patients six to 10 years after construction of a continent ileostomy. All patients were in excellent health and displayed no signs of malnutrition. Schilling test disclosed subnormal absorption of vitamin B12 in one patient and borderline values in five. Faecal loss of bile acid was increased in 12 patients and fat malabsorption occurred in two. Except for slightly pathological liver tests in two patients, routine laboratory tests, including plasma concentration of vitamin B12 and folic acid, were normal. There were no signs of sodium or potassium depletion.
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PMID:Absorption studies in patients six to 10 years after construction of ileostomy reservoirs. 46 76

Described here is a patient with severe watery diarrhea associated with common variable immunodeficiency. Malabsorption for fat, bile acids, vitamin B12 and xylose was demonstrated, but the patient failed to respond to all the usual therapeutic maneuvers. The diarrhea responded only to high dose steroid therapy. Intestinal perfusion studies showed a hitherto undescribed, presumably acquired, glucose-stimulated water, sodium and chloride secretion in the jejunum and ileum, whereas normal fluid and electrolyte transport occurred from bicarbonate and mannitol solutions. Glucose absorption itself was normal and no hormonal, morphologic or biochemical defect was demonstrated to account for the phenomenon. The patient was also interesting when compared with other patients with common variable immunodeficiency in having normal plasma cells in the intestinal mucosa and an extensive family involvement.
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PMID:Immunodeficiency, malabsorption and secretory diarrhea. A new syndrome. 47 4

To investigate the possibility of measuring urinary oxalate output instead of faecal fat excretion as an outpatient screening test for steatorrhoea, we determined 24 hour urinary oxalate and five day faecal fat excretion before and during an oral load of sodium oxalate 600 mg daily (oxalate 4.44 mmol), in 32 patients with suspected malabsorption on a diet containing oxalate 30 mg (0.33 mmol), fat 50 g (180 mmol), and calcium 1 g (25 mmol). Nineteen patients proved to have steatorrhoea (mean faecal fat 62 mmol/24 h, range 19--186 mmol) of varying aetiologies. On the diet alone, urinary oxalate was raised in only nine of these patients (mean 0.25 mmol/24 h, range 0.08--0.59 mmol) (normal less than 0.20). By contrast, when the diet was supplemented with oral sodium oxalate, all 19 patients with steatorrhoea had hyperoxaluria (mean 0.91 mmol/24 h, range 0.46--1.44 mmol) (normal less than 0.44). There was a significant positive linear relationship between urinary oxalate and faecal fat when the 32 patients were on the high oxalate intake (r = 0.73, P less than 0.001), but not when they were on the low oxalate intake. Mean percentage absorption of orally administered oxalate was 5.8 +/- 0.99% (+/- 1 SD) in normal subjects and 14.7 +/- 6.0% (P less than 0.002) in patients with steatorrhoea. Measurement of urinary oxalate output during oral sodium oxalate loading appears to be a reliable and convenient screening test for steatorrhoea.
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PMID:Oxalate loading test: a screening test for steatorrhoea. 52 84

Obviously, the relentless decrease in bone mass that accompanies aging will continue the long sought "elixir of youth" is discovered. Individuals, because of race, sex, environmental, dietary, genetic or activity differences, will be more or less predisposed to symptomatic osteoporosis with increasing age. The careful and knowledgeable physician should, however, make every attempt to rule out potentially remediable, subtle forms of demineralizing disorders, such as apathetic or T3-thyrotoxicosis, hyperparathyroidism, malabsorption and osteomalacia or multiple myeloma. Not only do these diseases result in an accelerated loss of bone mass and an increased incidence of skeletal fractures but they mimic postmenopausal or senile osteoporosis radiologically. Once the metabolic or malignant disorders of bone metabolism have been effectively considered and ruled out, the senescent or postmenopausal osteoporotic patient should be treated judiciously with short-term estrogen therapy, a diet sufficient in vitamin D and calcium content and continued attempts to insure adequate skeletal mobilization. The addition of sodium fluoride and/or calcitonin to this regimen should not be attempted without extreme caution until the potentially harmful systemic effects of prolonged therapeutic trials have been appropriately assessed.
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PMID:Senile and postmenopausal osteoporosis. 76 91

The effect of synthetic diether phosphatidylcholine on lipid absorption in the rat was studied to determine whether this material inhibited absorption of either cholesterol or fatty acid. A lipid emulsion was prepared with sodium taurocholate, phospholipid, 3H-cholesterol, 14C-triolein, and oleic acid. Emulsion given to controls contained pig liver phosphatidylcholine as the source of phospholipid. For experimentals it was supplied as diether phosphatidylcholine. Emulsions were given by gavage into the stomach and recoveries of radioactive lipids in various regions of the gastrointestinal tract were determined with radioactive techniques 4 and 24 hours after receipt of the lipid challenge. Significantly greater amounts of 3H-cholesterol were recovered unabsorbed from the gastrointestinal tract of experimental rats at both 4 and 24 hours after administration of labeled lipids. Somewhat more of the 14C-oleic acid label derived from labeled triolein was also recovered unabsorbed in experimentals, although a significant difference was not observed between experimentals and controls. It is concluded that nondigestible (diether) phosphatadidylcholine inhibits absorption of cholesterol. This phospholipid, however, had no appreciable affect on fatty acid absorption as definitive malabsorption of this material was not observed under the conditions of this study.
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PMID:The effect of synthetic diether phospholipid on lipid absorption in the rat. 83 Jul 75

Ten patients, aged 39-61 years, with hypomagnesaemia due to chronic alcoholism (7 cases) or malabsorption (3 cases), have been investigated by assessing the maximum isometric voluntary contraction force (MVC) of the quadriceps femoris muscle (7 cases), laboratory screening (9 cases) and estimating the electrolyte and metabolite content of biopsy specimens from the quadriceps femoris muscle. The MVC ranged from 0.5 to 34 kp and was significantly lower than in 12 apparently healthy normomagnesaemic controls (p is less than 0.001). The results of the laboratory screening, apart from a significant lowering of the serum magnesium concentration (p is less than 0.01), were mainly within the range of normal values, apart from signs of liver damage, such as an elevated activity of S-OCT (3 cases), alkaline phosphatease(3 cases), S-ALAT (1 case) and an elevation of bilirubin and blood ammonia (2 cases). Low serum iron-binding capacity occurred in 4 cases, a finding reported in protein-calorie malnutrition. Muscle magnesium content was significantly lower than in healthy controls (p is less than 0.001). Muslce sodium and chloride contents were significantly increased (p is less than 0.05). Total H2O content and the extracellular H2O content were both significantly increased (p is less than 0.05). Pyruvate and lactate values were within the normal range. The apparent equilibrium constant for creatine kinase differed significantly ( is less than 0.01). ATP values were within the normal range, but there were slight decreases for ADP (p is less than 0.05) and creatine phosphate ( is less than 0.01), whcih is of interest in view of the lowering of the MVC and the diminished capacity for sustained muscular effort in hypomagnesaemic patients reported earlier.
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PMID:Hypomagnesaemia and muscle electrolytes and metabolites. 85 Oct 37

To identify potentially remediable abnormalities in Crohn disease, 63 patients had evaluations performed for anemia, electrolyte deficiencies, defects of carbohydrate, fat, nitrogen, and vitamin B12 absorption, and jejunal bacterial overgrowth. Ninety percent of the group had two or more potentially correctable defects. More than 50% had anemia associated with iron or folate deficiency of vitamin B12 malabsorption; 33% had low levels of serum sodium, potassium, calcium, or magnesium either singly or in combination; 22% had lactose intolerance, fat malabsorption was persent in 31%; 75% had evidence of disturbed protein metabolism; and bacterial overgrowth of the upper part of the small bowel was identified in 30% of 47 patients.
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PMID:Remediable defects in Crohn disease: a prospective study of 63 patients. 105 64


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