Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three-hundred Aboriginal people five to 70 yr have been studied at three missions in the north west of Australia-Beagle Bay, Lombadina and One Arm Point. The prevalence of hypozincaemia and hypercupraemia (a departure of more than 2 S.D. from the expected normal) has been assessed. Plasma iron concentration was determined. Half of the individuals had hypozincaemia and for some age groups the prevalence was greater (almost 100% for 15 to 20-year-old females at Lombadina). Hypercupraemia was prevalent and ranged from 70 to 100% for most age groups. Hypoferraemia was detected frequently. By the use of anthropometric methods the children were found to be growth retarded and to have reduced weight for height. These people are known to be infected with intestinal parasites which cause bleeding into the bowel or malabsorption which can cause losses of zinc or failure of adsorption. They prefer unleavened bread which contains phytic acid which inhibits zinc absorption. The soil is zinc deficient and the climate conducive to large losses of zinc in sweat. Geophagia is practiced and pica is found to occur in children. Preliminary evidence of elevated copper status is available. We speculate that growth failure may be related to zinc deficiency or copper toxicity.
 ...
PMID:Zinc, copper and environmental factors in the aboriginal peoples of the North West. 694 43

In summary, we propose the following scheme (Figure 5) to describe the role of peroxidation in the pathophysiology of SCA. Sickle erythrocytes are more susceptible to peroxidation than are normal erythrocytes. This increased susceptibility to peroxidation is, in part, due to decreased blood vitamin E levels and abnormal membrane phospholipid organization induced by sickling. The peroxidative damage of sickle erythrocytes may accelerate or contribute to loss of cell deformability and to chronic hemolysis. Peroxidative damage can produce abnormal cellular properties, such as potassium leak and reduced filterability, and contribute to formation of ISCs. Increased red cell rigidity can initiate episodes of capillary obstruction, leading to vasoocclusive painful crises and to tissue infarction. Liver dysfunction as well as increased production of bilirubin secondary to hemolysis could result in bile sludging and decreased secretion of bile salts into the intestinal lumen. Reduced bile salt secretion leads to partial fat and vitamin E malabsorption. Vitamin E deficiency enhances red cell susceptibility to peroxidation and promotes a vicious cycle in SCA. Although we have not studied factors that might initiate peroxidative damage, sickle hemoglobin and excess body iron should be considered as potential sources. Our studies suggest that vitamin E supplementation to sickle-cell patients could be of clinical benefit.
 ...
PMID:Peroxidation, vitamin E, and sickle-cell anemia. 695 61

The elements zinc, copper, manganese, molybdenum, selenium and chromium are considered to be essential nutrients in man. It is known that they cross the placenta because they are all present in fetal bodies where they are presumably necessary for normal growth and development. Though deficiency of copper, zinc, selenium and chromium have been reported in man only copper and zinc deficiency have been described in premature infants. Typically, the deficiency develops late (between 3-6 months of age), at a time when the concentration in breastmilk is falling and before a mixed diet has been introduced. This late onset, together with data on body composition, suggests that preterm infants are born with stores--albeit small--of copper and zinc, as they are with iron. The stores may be depleted to a variable extent following birth by dietary insufficiency (particularly total parenteral nutrition), malabsorption and diarrhoea. This leads to severe deficiency in some infants and possibly less severe deficiency in many more, which may pass unrecognised because of difficulties in diagnosis. Dietary provision of a trace element should have two purposes. It should be sufficient to prevent the development of a deficiency state, and to provide enough to enable stores to be formed so that deficiency does not immediately occur if the diet is temporarily inadequate. No case of manganese, molybdenum, selenium or chromium deficiency has yet been described in preterm infants, but no systematic search for deficiency of these elements has yet been undertaken.
 ...
PMID:Trace metal requirements of preterm infants. 696 54

An 18-yr-old woman hospitalized with classical signs of pellagra was found to have Crohn's disease of the small and large bowel as well as malabsorption of nicotinic acid and iron. The symptoms of pellagra disappeared after intramuscular treatment with nicotinic acid, while the malabsorption was corrected following steroid therapy for the Crohn's disease. Pellagra should thus be added to the list of complications of Crohn's disease that are secondary to malabsorption. Although this complication seems to be very rare, it may be worthwhile to check for nicotinic acid malabsorption in untreated cases of Crohn's disease in order to determine its real prevalence.
 ...
PMID:Pellagra as the presenting manifestation of Crohn's disease. 706 Sep 14

A study population consisting of 66 mentally retarded individuals, 60 with and six without pica, was evaluated for iron status, and for plasma and hair zinc, copper, and magnesium levels within a month of known dietary intake. The parameters were all within the normal range for individuals without pica. In contrast, subjects practicing pica had low plasma zinc and elevated plasma copper values as compared to those without pica. Plasma magnesium was in the low normal range for all individuals in the study population. Among the indicators of iron status measured, Hb, hematocrit, plasma iron, total iron-binding capacity, iron saturation, and plasma ferritin, several values were low (p less than 0.001). Depression in plasma zinc level was related to the type and severity of the pica. In plasma, zinc was positively correlated with iron and negatively correlated with copper. No relationships were found between dietary intakes and plasma levels of these minerals. The data suggest that malabsorption of zinc and iron were associated with some types of pica although the individuals received adequate dietary intake of minerals. Zinc, copper, and magnesium concentrations in hair were within normal ranges. Hair was a less sensitive indicator than plasma of trace element status.
 ...
PMID:Pica and mineral status in the mentally retarded. 708 Oct 93

The relationship of the serum iron-binding capacity (IBC) to the serum proteins and other haematological parameters was studied in 96 elderly subjects. With two exceptions, IBC levels above the normal range were confined to cases of anaemia with transferrin saturation levels of less than 12%. In 13 cases the IBC was below normal, and in 9 it was normal in the presence of iron deficiency; in these groups the IBC correlated with serum albumin, and there was a clinical explanation for protein depletion. In cases with normal serum albumin and normal transferrin saturation, there was no decline in IBC with age. The best serological index of iron status was the transferrin saturation, which was less than 12% in significant iron deficiency. Malabsorption of inorganic iron was demonstrated in 11 out of 30 iron-deficient patients, 4 of whom had reduced IBC, but there was no relationship between iron absorption and the IBC.
 ...
PMID:Factors affecting the serum iron-binding capacity in the elderly. 708 78

Symptoms of malabsorption in the elderly are not simply due to their age, rather insufficient nutrition or disease processes are to be discussed. In the elderly, nutrition has to be adapted to a moderately reduced absorption of calcium and iron as well as to decreasing caloric needs with increasing age. Sufficient amounts of dietary vitamins and protein are strongly to be recommended. A variety of diseases that lead to clinical signs of malabsorption is presented.
 ...
PMID:[Age-related malabsorption symptoms]. 710 26

At the onset of disturbances of cardiac rhythm after a 7th injection of iron sorbitol to a patient with severe malabsorption syndrome an extremely low level of alpha-tocopherol in serum--0.04 mg per 100 ml serum--was observed. The clinical manifestations are interpreted as a possible consequence of the depletion of the vitamin, a natural scavenger of free radicals. The possible importance of alpha-tocopherol in preventing the toxic effect of iron on the apparently very sensitive myocardium after parenteral iron to patients with severe malabsorption syndrome is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Alpha-tocopherol and cardiac toxicity of iron. 720 2

Three siblings had iron deficiency anemia without evidence of reduced iron intake or gastrointestinal blood loss. They failed to respond to oral iron therapy, and malabsorption of oral medicinal iron was demonstrated in two of the children. All three had a partial but incomplete hematologic response to intramuscular iron dextran treatment. There was no evidence for other well-defined causes of hypochromic microcytic anemia or for a generalized disorder of intestinal absorption. These three patients appear to have a familial disorder characterized by impaired iron absorption and utilization, similar to that observed in the mk/mk mouse.
 ...
PMID:Malabsorption and defective utilization of iron in three siblings. 722 50

A metabolic and physiological assessment was carried out in 14 patients who had undergone restorative proctocolectomy with ileal reservoir more than six months previously. The haemoglobin was normal in all but one and plasma electrolytes and serum albumin, calcium, phosphorus, and red cell folate estimations were normal in all. Five patients had low serum iron levels of whom one had an iron deficiency anaemia. The 24 hour faecal fat output was normal in all patients and there was no case of vitamin B12 malabsorption as judged by the Schilling test, although four patients had marginally low values. These were not associated with increased bacterial counts in the faeces within the reservoir and there was no evidence to support a diagnosis of stagnant loop syndrome. Inflammation of the reservoir mucosa was, however, associated with higher counts of aerobic bacteria than in cases where inflammation was absent. Subtotal villous atrophy or inflammation was seen in biopsies of the reservoir in six patients. The mean faecal output per 24 hours was 659 +/- 259 g and the mean reservoir volume was 330 +/- 78 ml. Mean resting anal canal pressure was significantly lower in patients with a mucous leakage per anum than in those without, while manometry of the reservoir showed no alteration of pressure over a period of one hour before and after a meal. A positive rectosphincteric reflex was observed in nine patients.
 ...
PMID:Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal reservoir: a pathophysiological assessment. 726 23


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>