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Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Malnutrition may cause to the damage intestinal epithelium and pancreas resulting in overt signs of malabsorption syndrome. The diet protein, fats and carbohydrates stimulate secretion, CCK-P, GIP, and gastrin release and effect insulin and HGH release. The amounts of the hormones released depends on intestinal absorption and pancreas secretory function. Therefore, in undernourished children with malabsorption syndrome on impaired function of the hormonal entero-insular axis is likely. In 30 children hormonal component of malnutrition was studied. Digestion and absorption were assayed by glycemic levels and FFA, with hydroxyprolinuria studies following administration of the mixed test meal. HGH and IRI levels were measured following mixed test meal stimulation. Hormonal studies data were correlated with digestion and absorption indices. In undernourished children low levels of HGH and IRI were frequently found. In certain patients with malnutrition the administration of anabolic drugs seems to be advisable.
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PMID:[Food stimulated release of IRI and HGH in children with malabsorption (author's transl)]. 610 40

Nineteen children underwent subtotal pancreatectomy for hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. Of the four who were older than 10 years of age at onset of symptoms, three had islet adenomas, and one had endocrine cell dysplasia (ECD). The two patients with multiple adenomas had a family history of multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 1 (MEN 1). Of the 15 who were younger than 1 year of age at onset of symptoms, 12 had ECD alone, and three had ECD with adenomatosis. Four children required a second surgical procedure and near-total pancreatectomy because of persistent hypoglycemia. All 19 patients' conditions improved, with no postsurgical complications. After near-total pancreatectomy, all four patients were treated for fat malabsorption, but only two required insulin because of secondary diabetes mellitus. We concluded that subtotal pancreatectomy is a safe, effective adjunct to the treatment of children with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia.
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PMID:Surgical management of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in children. 614 50

Breakfasts of lentils or wholemeal bread of identical carbohydrate content were taken by seven healthy volunteers. The lentils produced a significant 71% (p less than 0.001) reduction in the blood glucose area and flattened the plasma insulin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide responses by comparison with the bread. In addition, the lentil breakfast was followed by a significantly flatter blood glucose response to the standard bread lunch which followed 4 h later (by 38%, p less than 0.01). The blood glucose pattern was mimicked by feeding the bread breakfast slowly over the 4 h before lunch. Giving a bread breakfast containing a quarter of the carbohydrate reduced the breakfast glucose profile but resulted in a significantly impaired blood glucose response to lunch (168% of control, p less than 0.01). These results, together with breath hydrogen studies, performed on a separate group of four volunteers, indicate that the flattened response to lentils is not due to carbohydrate malabsorption. Slow release or "lente" carbohydrate foods such as lentils may form a useful part of the diets of those with impaired carbohydrate tolerance.
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PMID:Slow release dietary carbohydrate improves second meal tolerance. 628 5

To test whether impaired carbohydrate tolerance in cirrhosis could be modified by dietary means ten cirrhotic patients, five of them taking insulin, took as breakfast either lentils or wholemeal bread and cottage cheese containing the same amount of carbohydrate and protein. Lentils resulted in significantly diminished blood glucose, insulin (in those not on insulin) and gastric inhibitory peptide responses. Enteroglucagon and neutrotensin levels were high with lentils, suggesting that absorption of lentil carbohydrate continued into the ileum with perhaps some malabsorption, so confirming the results of earlier studies in vitro. However, breath hydrogen studies on a separate group of eight healthy volunteers indicated that the difference in carbohydrate malabsorption between lentil, and wholemeal bread was insignificant. It is suggested that slowly digested carbohydrate foods, such as leguminous seeds, may minimize carbohydrate intolerance in patients with cirrhosis.
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PMID:Slowly digested carbohydrate food improves impaired carbohydrate tolerance in patients with cirrhosis. 632 39

Glucose and insulin response were studied in morbidly obese patients before and after jejuno-ileal bypass. Postbypass studies were performed after weight loss greater than 30% (9-48 mon). Six-hour oral glucose tolerance tests were performed on 33 patients before bypass and on 13 of these 33 patients after bypass. Thirteen patients had preoperative intravenous glucose tolerance tests performed, and 11 had postbypass intravenous glucose tolerance tests performed. Plasma insulins were drawn concomitantly. Before bypass, fasting blood sugars and insulins were elevated and both glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia were found on the tests. After bypass, oral glucose tolerance test curves were flat (malabsorption effect), while intravenous glucose tolerance tests revealed nonsignificant changes in the glucose curves but plasma insulin response returned toward normal (p greater than 0.05). The glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia found in these massively obese patients reverted toward normal after weight loss from jejuno-ileal bypass. Thus elevated plasma insulin does not appear to be a primary etiological factor in obesity.
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PMID:The handling of glucose and insulin response before and after weight loss with jejuno-ileal bypass: a preliminary report. 634 39

The pathology, aetiology and clinical features of cystic fibrosis (CF) are briefly reviewed. The diffuse endocrine system (DES) may be involved in either a primary or secondary manner. Carbohydrate intolerance is common and the release of islet hormones is deficient, as is the release of the intestinal hormone gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP). The post-prandial responses of insulin and GIP can be improved by substituting an elemental meal, suggesting that malabsorption and local intestinal factors could be causative in the deficient responses. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactive (VIP-LI) cell numbers are increased in CF and an intimate association with mucous cells is noted suggesting a paracrine relationship. These findings could have implications in the diagnosis, management and aetiology of CF.
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PMID:The diffuse endocrine system in cystic fibrosis. 635 16

Acarbose, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, lowers the glycemic excursion following the ingestion of carbohydrates, in particular, sucrose. This was confirmed with increasing doses of acarbose (0, 50, and 100 mg) and the causes investigated. The absorption of the glucose moiety of sucrose was determined from plasma tracer concentrations when overnight-fasted normal subjects received a 100-g oral sucrose load labeled with sucrose [(1-14C]glucose and a simultaneous intravenous infusion of [3-3H]glucose. As the dose of acarbose given with the sucrose load was increased from 0 to 100 mg, the percentage of the load appearing in the peripheral circulation decreased from 90% to 62%. Malabsorption was confirmed by the appearance of breath hydrogen. Simultaneously, absorption time increased from 243 to 411 min. Maximal glycemic excursions were therefore lowered from 64 to 31 mg/dl. The plasma concentrations of gastric inhibitory polypeptide and insulin decreased with the acarbose dose so that the fractional disappearance rate of glucose also decreased. However, the concentrations of glucagon-like immunoreactivity (GLI) rose, confirming the ileal appearance of malabsorbed sucrose.
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PMID:The effects of an alpha-glucoside hydrolase inhibitor on glycemia and the absorption of sucrose in man determined using a tracer method. 636 57

Glucose Tolerance Factor (GTF) is synthesized in vivo from absorbed dietary chromium, and acts as a physiological enhancer of insulin activity, binding to insulin and potentiating its action about three-fold. Since GTF is well absorbed orally, the development of sufficiently concentrated and stable supplementary sources of this agent may enable convenient and physiologically appropriate pharmacological modulation of insulin activity. A review of the numerous physiological actions of insulin suggests a number of therapeutic applications for GTF, in such diverse ailments as diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, reactive hypoglycemia, obesity, cancer, protein malnutrition or malabsorption, endogenous depression, Parkinsonism, hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias. GTF supplementation may also have value in preventive medicine.
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PMID:The therapeutic potential of glucose tolerance factor. 700 27

A review of 295 patients with autoimmune Addison's disease which occurred as part of a polyglandular autoimmune syndrome is presented. Information of 41 cases was obtained from our clinics and from the examination of medical records, while 254 cases were culled from the literature. We report that autoimmune Addison's disease in association with other autoimmune diseases occurs in at least two distinct types. Addison's disease occurring in Type I polyglandular autoimmune disease (PGA) is associated with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and/or acquired hypoparathyroidism. The age of onset is predominately in childhood or in the early adult years. Type I PGA syndrome is also frequently associated with chronic active hepatitis, malabsorption, juvenile onset pernicious anemia, alopecia and primary hypogonadism. Insulin requiring diabetes and/or autoimmune thyroid disease are infrequent. In contrast, Addison's disease in Type II PGA is associated with insulin requiring diabetes and/or autoimmune thyroid disease(s). Although the age of onset of Addison's disease in Type II PGA syndrome is not confined to any age group or any specific sex, it occurs predominately in the middle years of life in females. The associated autoimmune diseases found in Type I disease, such as chronic active hepatitis, etc. (see table II) are rare in Type II PGA disease except for a low frequency of gonadal failure. We provide evidence to support the concept that the Addison's diseases in Type I and II PGA syndromes have different genetic bases, as related to HLA haplotypes, and possibly have different underlying pathogeneses.
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PMID:Two types of autoimmune Addison's disease associated with different polyglandular autoimmune (PGA) syndromes. 702 19

Fifty-gram carbohydrate tolerance tests were performed on healthy volunteers to test the activity and specificity of an alpha-glucoside hydrolase inhibitor, acarbose (BAY g 5421). Two hundred milligrams acarbose reduced the area under the blood glucose response curve by 89% (P less than 0.001) after sucrose by 80% (P less than 0.002) after starch, by 19% (N.S.) after maltose, with no effect on glucose. Breath hydrogen measurements indicated an almost complete malabsorption of the sucrose. At 50 mg acarbose, some reduction in blood glucose and insulin response to sucrose was still seen, but no significant hydrogen production. It is suggested that at lower doses, acarbose may prolong the time course over which carbohydrate is absorbed as does dietary fiber; as with fiber, it may be a useful adjunct to diabetic therapy.
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PMID:Scope and specificity of acarbose in slowing carbohydrate absorption in man. 702 48


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