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Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Quantitative analyses of plasma concentrations of retinol binding protein (RBP), prealbumin and total proteins were performed in normal subjects and in forty-two patients suffering from diseases of the intestine and liver. The visual dark adaptation ability (DAA) was also assessed. Reduction of DAA and of RBP and prealbumin levels was noted in patients with chronic liver disease and fat malabsorption. In sixty-eight patients with intestinal diseases the RBP concentration seemed to be reduced in relation to the degree and duration of steatorrhoea. Furthermore, inflammatory activity, as revealed by laborabory tests, markedly reduced the RBP level. Treatment with vitamin A increased the RBP and prealbumin concentrations and restored the DAA to normal in patients with malabsorption but normal liver function. In patients with liver disease reduced DAA and serum RBP values were not affected by vitamin A therapy. Only at RBP concentrations below half the normal was impairment of the dark adaptation observed, suggesting that serum RBP is a more sensitive indicator of vitamin A deficiency than measurement of dark adaptation.
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PMID:Plasma vitamin A transport and visual dark adaptation in diseases of the intestine and liver. 56 71

Vitamin A absorption was studied in a group of 28 adult patients with ascariasis and 12 healthy adult controls, using a simplified vitamin A absorption test. In over 70% of the patients with ascariasis malabsorption of vitamin A was demonstrated. Stool egg counts for ascaris were not related to the degree of vitamin A malabsorption. Of the 23 patients in whom a D-xylose absorption test was performed, seven showed excretion less than 20% in 5 hr. Immediately after expulsion of the worms, vitamin A absorption improved in 13 out of 14 patients tested (in nine to normal level). The results of this study suggest that ascariasis in populations on marginal intakes of vitamin A and its precursors is an important contributing factor in producing clinical vitamin A deficiency.
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PMID:Vitamin A absorption in ascariasis. 99 48

Single blind administration of EPA-rich omega-3 fatty acids at 3 dose levels of 3g, 6g and 12g/d (each dose lasting 3 weeks was separated by 2 weeks on placebo) lowered plasma TG levels and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase-molar esterification rate (LCAT-MER) activity (6.12g/d). Lipolytic enzymes activity (LPL and HL) remained unchanged at these doses. Fat malabsorption was unlikely because of unmodified plasma beta-carotene, retinol and alpha-tocopherol levels.
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PMID:Hypotriglyceridemic action of omega-3 fatty acids in healthy subjects does not occur by enhanced lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase activities. 258 47

Comparative studies of body weight, height, intracellular water representing cell mass, and age, and plasma concentrations of albumin, vitamins, trace elements and iron stores in Aboriginal children aged 6 to 13.5 years, from two rural Aboriginal settlements and one rural Caucasian school (Hawker) provided evidence of significant deficits in one of the Aboriginal settlements (Yalata). Yalata Aboriginal children had lower body weights and heights for age and lower intracellular water values. Plasma albumin, zinc, iron, alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene and retinol concentrations were lower relative to the normally grown Aboriginal children at Nepabunna. The latter children did not differ from rural Caucasian children for the parameters studied. The reasons for this poorer growth at Yalata may reside in poor nutrition, or repeated bowel infection in postnatal life leading to malabsorption, or both. Limited observational evidence suggests that Giardiasis has a high prevalence at Yalata, and it has been shown elsewhere that Giardiasis is capable of inducing malabsorption with resulting nutritional deficiencies.
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PMID:Malnutrition in aboriginal children at Yalata, South Australia. 273 99

Experiments were conducted to examine the effects of dietary zinc (Zn) upon plasma vitamin E (E) concentrations to test the hypothesis that there may be a significant dietary interaction between these two nutrients. Weanling female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets that were (i) Zn-deficient (less than 0.9 micrograms Zn/g diet) ad libitum; (ii) Zn-adequate (50.9 micrograms Zn/g diet), pair-fed to the Zn-deficient group; and (iii) Zn-adequate (50.9 micrograms Zn/g diet) ad libitum. Plasma E in Zn-deficient animals (4.02 +/- 1.20 micrograms/ml) was significantly reduced (P less than or equal to 0.05) compared with results in both Zn-adequate pair-fed (9.21 +/- 0.70 micrograms/ml) and Zn-adequate ad libitum-fed (9.47 +/- 0.90 micrograms/ml) animals. Zn deficiency in this model system also resulted in significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) reductions in femur and plasma Zn concentrations as well as in plasma retinol, plasma triglyceride, and plasma cholesterol concentrations. Plasma albumin and total plasma protein concentrations were normal in Zn-deficient animals. With dietary Zn deficiency, the decrease in plasma E appeared to be out of proportion to associated decreases in plasma triglyceride and plasma cholesterol concentrations. Since E is associated with plasma lipoproteins, these data suggest that lipid and/or E malabsorption may be a consequence of Zn deficiency. In response to increased dietary intake of E, increments of plasma E were lower in Zn-depleted than in Zn-adequate, pair-fed animals. These findings suggest that dietary Zn deficiency possibly may increase the nutritional requirement for E necessary to maintain adequate plasma concentrations.
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PMID:Dietary zinc deficiency decreases plasma concentrations of vitamin E. 292 52

The intestinal absorption of (14C)oleoyl moieties in triglyceride and phospholipid was investigated by means of (14C)phosphatidylcholine and (14C)triolein breath tests. In patients who had undergone ileal resection the absorption of both phosphatidylcholine and triglyceride was subnormal, as reflected by a lower production of 14CO2. In healthy subjects the production of expiratory 14CO2 after oral administration of (14C)phosphatidylcholine was slightly higher than after administration of (14C)triolein. This was also observed in the patient group, indicating that the absorption of both triglyceride and phospholipid was decreased to similar extents, although triglyceride absorption tended to be more affected after major ileal resection. In patients with lipid malabsorption the proportion of linoleic acid in serum phosphatidylcholine was subnormal, and the decrease was correlated to the decrease in lipid absorption. The concentration in serum of selenium, alpha-tocopherol, and carotene but not of ascorbic acid and retinol was subnormal after ileal resection.
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PMID:Intestinal absorption of phosphatidylcholine and triglyceride after ileal resection. 336 97

A 48-year-old woman with malabsorption and type V hyperlipoproteinemia developed hypervitaminosis A with a total plasma vitamin A level of 871 micrograms/dL during therapy with an oral dosage of 18,000 retinol equivalents (60,000 IU) daily. Twelve percent of the total plasma retinol was found to be transported in the chylomicron-very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) fraction, which does not contain retinol-binding protein. For comparison, concentrations of retinyl esters and retinol were determined in nine patients with type V hyperlipoproteinemia and nine control subjects, none of whom were using vitamin A supplements. Both retinyl esters and retinol were significantly elevated in the group with hyperlipoproteinemia (p less than 0.0005 in both cases). Eight of these nine patients had retinol present in the chylomicron-VLDL fraction, whereas retinol was not detectable in this fraction in any of the nine normal controls. The data suggest that patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia associated with type V hyperlipoproteinemia are at increased risk for hypervitaminosis A.
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PMID:Increased risk for vitamin A toxicity in severe hypertriglyceridemia. 377 11

The therapeutic applications of vitamin A and vitamin E are reviewed, with special references to their role in the retinal functions, epithelial differentiation and maintainance, deficiency due to liver diseases and malabsorption, antioxidant activity, membrane protection, and antiatherogenic function. The interference between the two vitamins and their synergism is discussed on the basis of the protective role of tocopherol on retinol. From experimental studies on chicken, a mathematical model linking the optimal plasma value of the two vitamins is obtained.
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PMID:The biochemical and physiological role of vitamins A and E and their interactions. 391 46

Vitamin A is necessary to maintain the integrity and the differentiation of epithelia of the skin and adnexa. Evident deficiency of vitamin A in chronic diseases, malabsorption and liver affections may result in skin xerosis, follicular keratosis, and metaplasia of mucous membranes. The remarkable toxicity of vitamin A in high doses does not recommend its usage in dermatology. On the contrary the employ of retinoids, synthetic derivatives of vitamin A, brings to excellent results. These vitamin A compounds are much more effective, even if they show important side-effects. Etretinate and isotretinoin are widely used in psoriasis, keratinization disorders, and severe acne. Vitamin E functions in skin biology are not totally known. Vitamin E is used in the treatment of dermolytic recessive epidermolysis bullosa, with controversial results.
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PMID:[Vitamin A and vitamin E in dermatology]. 391 47

Retinol and retinyl esters are measured in serum or plasma samples by gradient, normal-phase, adsorption "high-performance" liquid chromatography, with ultraviolet detection at 325 nm. The four major circulating retinyl esters in humans (esters of palmitate, stearate, oleate, and linoleate) are coeluted as a single peak. Retinyl acetate is included as an internal standard, to correct for variable recovery. Retinol values so measured correlated well (r = 0.88) with those by a widely used reversed-phase chromatographic technique (Clin Chem 1983;29:708-12). The mean retinol concentration was 570 (SEM 17) micrograms/L and the mean for retinyl esters was 33 (SEM 4) micrograms/L as determined in samples from 88 fasting young adults. Concentrations of retinol in plasma as low as 50 micrograms/L can be detected in 100-microL samples, as can 10 micrograms of retinyl esters per liter. Using this method, we measured absorption of low doses of vitamin A, which may provide a more physiological approach to assessment of fat malabsorption. Additionally, the procedure proved useful for quickly screening for vitamin A toxicity. Major advantages include small sample size, direct injection of the extract ed sample without evaporation, rapid elution pattern, co-elution of major retinyl esters as a single peak, and low limit of detection.
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PMID:Determination of retinyl esters and retinol in serum or plasma by normal-phase liquid chromatography: method and applications. 394 Jul 33


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