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Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Zinc deficiency was induced in adult male mice by feeding them for 8 weeks on a purified semi-synthetic Zn-deficient diet (ZD) containing 90 g lipid/kg (60 g maize oil plus 30 g cod-liver oil). One group was then fed on a low-lipid Zn-deficient diet (ZDLR) containing 30 g cod-liver oil/kg as the sole lipid source for a further 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment the stomach clearance rate, daily food intake, body-weight gain and [14C]glucose uptake in the intestine were significantly higher in group ZDLR than in mice that continued eating the Zn-deficient lipid-adequate diet ZD, and were comparable to results for a group given a Zn-supplemented diet. These results suggest that the pathogenesis of anorexia, nutrient malabsorption and growth retardation are secondary to lipid malabsorption resulting from Zn deficiency.
Br J Nutr 1992 Sep
PMID:Influence of low dietary lipid content on anorexia and [14C]glucose uptake in the intestine of zinc-deficient mice. 144 29

The proportion of unconjugated to total cholic acid in fasting serum and the 1-gram [14C]-xylose breath test were determined in 36 patients with suspected bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine. Twenty-two patients had an abnormal [14C]-xylose breath test, indicating bacterial overgrowth. The proportion of unconjugated to total cholic acid was significantly higher in the patients with an abnormal breath test compared with those displaying a normal breath test (47 +/- 5% vs 16 +/- 3%). A good correlation was obtained between the proportion of unconjugated to total cholic acid and the breath test (r = 0.63, n = 36). Provided the [14C]-xylose breath test is reliable as a test of bacterial overgrowth, determination of the proportion of unconjugated to total cholic acid in fasting serum had a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 94%. It is suggested that determination of the proportion of unconjugated to total cholic acid in peripheral venous blood may be useful as a simple screening test for detection of bacterial contamination of the upper small intestine provided the patients do not have bile acid malabsorption.
Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1992 Sep
PMID:Comparison of the proportion of unconjugated to total serum cholic acid and the [14C]-xylose breath test in patients with suspected small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. 151 20

In summary, little progress has been made in the past several years with respect to the treatment of the baby with BPD. The conduct of convincing clinical research seems to be a casualty of budget cuts and a rush to learn the tools of molecular biology. To date, there are no clinical trials that have convincingly demonstrated that long-term diuretic, bronchodilator, vasodilator, or antioxidant therapy is effective in the treatment of chronic BPD. Short-term corticosteroid therapy hastens extubation, but long-term outcome is unaffected and serious questions remain about its safety. Multicenter clinical trials should be carefully designed and implemented to address the values of these therapies. In the design of these trials, care should be taken to stratify treatment groups for known risk factors for BPD. What are the future directions for the treatment of BPD? It is hoped that new BPD treatment strategies will be based on an improved understanding of mechanisms of lung repair and inflammation. Enzyme, gene, cytokine, antioxidant, and antiprotease therapies are being developed in animal models of lung injury. In addition, the use of lung transplantation has begun to be explored for severe cases of BPD. It is also possible, as has occurred in many chronic idiopathic diseases, that nonspecific treatment may prove beneficial. Perhaps it is only a matter of time before intravenous immunoglobulin, cyclosporine, methotrexate, or "biological response modifiers" will be administered to infants with severe BPD. For example, there is anecdotal evidence that recombinant human growth hormone may improve respiratory muscle function in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. In the absence of convincing clinical trials, the clinician should reserve existing therapies for the ventilator-dependent infant or infants whose high oxygen requirement is prohibiting discharge or resulting in complex home care or frequent rehospitalizations. It should be emphasized that continuous oxygen therapy combined with avoidance of environmental inhalant and infectious hazards have the strongest rationale and widest margin of safety for treatment of the infant with BPD. Ironically, oxygen therapy is frequently underutilized and discontinued too rapidly. Early discontinuation of oxygen therapy with alveolar hypoxia results in feeding difficulty, slow growth, nutrient malabsorption, bronchoconstriction, and pulmonary hypertension. Oxygen therapy, although more cumbersome and certainly less glamorous than other pharmacologic agents, remains the essential element of BPD care.
Clin Perinatol 1992 Sep
PMID:Current therapy of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. 152 72

We compared the intestinal absorption of cholecalciferol and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in patients with Crohn's disease and resections of the small bowel. Patients were subgrouped into those with small (less than 100 cm), intermediate (100-300 cm), and large (greater than 300 cm) resections. [3H]cholecalciferol or [3H]25-hydroxycholecalciferol were given orally and serial blood samples were taken for measurement of plasma radiolabeled vitamin. Absorption of both forms of the vitamin decreased with extent of resection but 25-hydroxycholecalciferol absorption was always greater than that of cholecalciferol. When compared with normal control subjects, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol absorption in these patients was better maintained than that of cholecalciferol. These data indicate that vitamin D malabsorption reflects the extent of distal small-bowel resection in Crohn's disease. Treatment with oral cholecalciferol is sufficient in those with small or moderate resections but oral 25-hydroxycholecalciferol supplementation may be preferred in those with a severe short-bowel syndrome.
Am J Clin Nutr 1991 Sep
PMID:Intestinal absorption of cholecalciferol and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in patients with both Crohn's disease and intestinal resection. 165 98

The medical records of six cases of nesidioblastosis were examined to determine the diagnostic approach, treatment, and neurologic sequelae. All six patients were male, and their ages at the onset of the disease ranged from one day to six months (mean 3.36 +/- 2.5 mo.). Initial clinical features were seizure, cyanosis, poor feeding, and apnea. Other subsequent symptoms were developmental delay, hyperactivity, and cold sweating. The Birth weight of the neonatal onset group was heavier than the postneonatal onset group (4.4 +/- 0.3 vs 3.26 +/- 0.04 kg). Before the diagnosis of hyperinsulinism, steroids of ACTH proved effective for seizure control. Initially, hyperinsulinemia (serum insulin greater than 10 microU/ml) was detected in four cases, but another two cases also showed hyperinsulinism by insulin/glucose(I/G) ratio greater than 0.3 during the fasting test. The glucagon response performed in 2 cases, showed normal and partial responses. Euglycemia was obtained by near total pancreatectomy (95% pancreatic resection)without malabsorption or persistent diabetes. In one case, nesidioblastoma coexisted with nesidioblastosis. Developmental delay was noted in three cases. In this group, the mean duration between symptom onset and operation was longer than the group without developmental delay (1.25 +/- 0.47 vs 0.38 +/- 0.19 yr).
J Korean Med Sci 1990 Sep
PMID:A study on nesidioblastosis in hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia--diagnosis, treatment, and neurologic sequelae. 171 Sep 1

Celiac disease (CD) is one of the most malabsorption syndromes in Pediatrics, its diagnosis being based on peroral intestinal biopsy. During the period 1974-1988 we have studied 178 patients with the suspected diagnosis of CD: diagnosis was confirmed in 117 whereas 22 are still under study. Mean age of the patients was 22.5 +/- 22.7 months, diagnosis being made during the first year of life in 32.6% of cases. Most cases had a classic clinical onset, although over the last year symptoms seen to be less apparent. Several patients presented with atypical forms. Also, associated diseases are observed in several cases. CD is often presented nowadays with few or atypical symptoms of difficult diagnosis and in this context the use of immunologic markers may be specially helpful.
An Esp Pediatr 1991 Sep
PMID:[Celiac disease. Is its clinical pattern changing?]. 174 73

A 50 year-old male with diffuse hyperthyroid goiter treated with I131 who develops a papillary carcinoma is presented. After thyroid resection, substitution therapy with thyroid hormone (levothyroxine) was started, and a selective malabsorption for this hormone was verified.
Rev Med Chil 1991 Sep
PMID:[Diffuse hyperthyroid goiter treated with I131, papillary carcinoma occurring after iodine radioisotope treatment, and thyroxine malabsorption. A clinical case]. 184 99

Between 1982 and 1989, the seven day retention of 75SeHCAT was measured in 181 patients with chronic diarrhoea that remained unexplained after full investigation. Altogether 121 of the 181 had a seven day 75SeHCAT retention greater than or equal to 15% and thus had no evidence of abnormal bile acid turnover. Twenty one had a seven day 75SeHCAT retention greater than or equal to 10% but less than 15%. Their clinical features were typical of the irritable bowel syndrome, and none of eight treated with cholestyramine showed symptomatic improvement. Sixteen patients had a seven day retention greater than or equal to 5% and less than 10%, six of whom had improved symptoms after treatment with bile acid chelating agents. The remaining 23 patients had a 75SeHCAT retention of less than 5% at seven days and responded to bile acid chelators. This group had a characteristic illness with intermittent watery diarrhoea, but no constitutional upset. It was not possible to distinguish the patients with bile acid malabsorption exclusively on the basis of the clinical symptoms and investigations, other than 75SeHCAT retention. We conclude that the measurement of 75SeHCAT retention is useful, appropriate, and necessary in patients with unexplained chronic diarrhoea.
Gut 1991 Sep
PMID:Idiopathic bile acid malabsorption--a review of clinical presentation, diagnosis, and response to treatment. 191 79

The effects of urodeoxycholic acid on ileal absorption of bile acids and on serum bile acid and lipoprotein concentrations were studied. Eight healthy subjects were investigated. The gamma emitting bile acid analogue, SeHCAT, was given orally and its fractional catabolic rate and seven day retention were assessed by repeated external counting over the upper abdomen during the next seven days. Ursodeoxycholic acid was then given orally at a dose of 15 mg/kg/day for three weeks and the study was repeated during treatment. The fractional catabolic rate increased by 64% (mean (SD), 0.333 (0.159) v 0.203 (0.061)/day; p less than 0.05) and seven day retention decreased by 44% (15(10) v 27(10)%, p less than 0.001), indicating bile acid malabsorption. Total serum cholesterol fell from 5.79 (1.22) to 5.50 (1.18) mmol/l (p = 0.05), while serum ursodeoxycholic acid increased 22 fold (7.87 (2.67) v 0.34 (0.24) mumol/l, p less than 0.001). Five of the subjects continued taking 30 mg/kg/day of ursodeoxycholic acid for one week and showed an increase in fractional catabolic rate of 81% (0.300 (0.091) v 0.166 (0.037)/day; p less than 0.05) and a fall in seven day retention of 50% (16 (12) v 32 (8)%, p less than 0.01). There were significant reductions in total cholesterol (5.36 (1.71) v 6.08 (1.47) mmol/l; p less than 0.05) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (3.70 (1.33) v 4.58 (1.16) mmol/l; p less than 0.05). The results support the concept tht ursodeoxycholic acid treatment interferes with the absorption of endogenous bile acids, and emphasise the beneficial effects of this treatment of lipoprotein concentrations in man.
Gut 1991 Sep
PMID:Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid treatment on ileal absorption of bile acids in man as determined by the SeHCAT test. 191 89

Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff psychosis are two facets of the same disease with well-determined cerebral lesions caused by thiamine deficiency. The disease occurs mainly in alcoholics, but other conditions (malabsorption or severe malnutrition) also predispose to the risk of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. The incidence in Denmark is unknown. In the period 1.1.1979-31.12.1988, 24 patients (18 men and six women) were discharged from Rigshospitalet with the diagnosis Wernicke encephalopathy or Korsakoff psychosis. This represents about 0.05% of all admissions in the period. Eighteen out of the 24 cases (75%) were admitted in the past three years (1986-88). The mean age was 55 years. Twenty patients admitted alcohol abuse. The presenting symptoms and the patients' complaints showed great variety and were often related to other alcoholic complications, which could mask the disease. The classic symptom combination: eye movement abnormalities- ataxia and disorders of consciousness were found in seven patients (29%). Sixteen patients had disorders of consciousness or orientation. All the patients were treated with thiamine. The eye-movement disorder has recovered in eight out of ten known cases (80%), nystagmus--in six out of seven cases (86%) while ataxia, disorders of orientation and confabulation recovered in about 50% of cases. The average duration of hospitalisation was 50 days. Altogether nine patients died during the observation period. The condition is most probably underdiagnosed and the traditional diagnostic criteria are considered too rigid. The diagnosis should be considered in alcoholics who present even only one of the classical symptoms and in patients with alcohol dementia. Thiamine should be given on wide indications.
Ugeskr Laeger 1991 Sep 30
PMID:[Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome at the Rikshospitalet in 1979-1988. A retrospective study]. 192 15


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