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Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hepatic osteodystrophy consists of three types: osteomalacia, osteoporosis, and periosteal reaction with new bone formation. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is very rare, if it occurs at all. The cause of osteomalacia appears to be vitamin D deficiency due to a lack of vitamin D substrate. In the presence of adequate substrates, 25-OHD and dihydroxy vitamin D metabolites are formed. The vitamin D deficiency results in osteomalacia and malabsorption of calcium and phosphorus. The osteomalacia can be treated successfully with vitamin D supplements. In some patients calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium supplements may be required. The aetiology and treatment of the osteoporosis and the periosteal reactions remain obscure.
Br J Hosp Med 1978 Sep
PMID:Hepatic osteodystrophy. 70 74

Considerable disagreement exists in the literature concerning the occurrence and incidence of transient non-obstructive intussusception in adult coeliac disease. Only a few case reports have been published and several standard texts do not mention the association at all. We report six adult patients, all with coeliac disease, who demonstrated transient non-obstructive intussusception on small bowel meal examination. The technique of the small bowel meal and the radiological signs of malabsorption are briefly described. The literature is reviewed and reasons for the disagreement herein are discussed. We conclude that the incidence of finding intussusception in adult coeliac disease is related to the intensity of searching and in our series this association was seen in at least 20% of cases. It is considered to be an additional radiological sign of coeliac disease although in no case did it occur in the absence of other prominent radiological evidence of malabsorption.
Clin Radiol 1978 Sep
PMID:Transient small bowel intussusception in adult coeliac disease. 71 39

The cause of growth retardation seen in children with B-thalassaemia major is not fully understood. Neither the one-hour D-xylose absorption test nor jejunal biopsy support the suggestion of small bowel malabsorption as a contributory cause.
J Trop Med Hyg 1978 Sep
PMID:D-xylose absorption in B-thalassaemia major. 73 72

In this review I have described the pathophysiology of allergic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Situations where the intestine cannot be a complete barrier to foreign allergens and antigens were discussed and etiological factors of gastrointestinal allergy were detailed. Clinical features of gastrointestinal allergy include diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain and colic, intestinal hemorrhage and malabsorption as well as symptoms and signs outside the gastrointestinal tract such as chronic rhinitis and asthma in the respiratory system, urticaria, angioedema and eczema as dermatological signs, headache, insomnia, hyperkinesis as central nervous system manifestations, failure to thrive and anaphylaxis as constitutional reactions. Milk allergy was discussed as an example of food allergy. Immunology of the gastrointestinal tract was presented, with examples of four types of hypersensitivity reactions, and gastrointestinal disturbances of immunodeficiency disorders and syndromes were named. Lastly, the autoimmune mechanism and the gut were described, with particular discussion of ulcerative colitis as an example of an autoimmune disease.
Ann Allergy 1976 Sep
PMID:The intestine in allergic diseases. 78 84

A case of alpha-chain disease is presented. Diagnosis was clinched by the discovery of typical heavy alpha-chains on analysis of serum proteins. The clinical picture included non-gluten-dependent semi-coeliac malabsorption, Hippocratic fingers, flattened villi, plasma cell infiltration of the jejunal mucosa, alpha- and beta-globulin dysprotidaemia, and abdominal masses; these signs are indicative of, but not conclusive evidence of alpha-chain disease. The presence of Coccidioides organules in the mucosa and glandular tuberculosis rises aetiopathogenetic questions that suggest that due attention be given to microbiological examination. Rapid progression to neoplasia following immunodepressive management underscores the risks associated with the administration of immunodepressors in patients with immunitary deficiencies. It is still not clear whether alpha-chain disease should be regarded as a self-perpetuating immunoproliferative disease, or as a form neoplasia ab initio, with a protracted, though of inevitably fatal, course.
Minerva Med 1976 Sep 01
PMID:[Clinico-pathological study of a case of alpha chain disease]. 82 71

1. Using mouse everted whole small intestine 7 days after a single dose of Phenoclor DP6 (hexachlorobiphenyl) at 1.0 g kg-1 body wt, absorption of D-glucose decreased significantly, probably owing to toxic traces of pentodicholobenzofuran in the PCB preparation and not its high chlorine content. D-glucose tissue accumulation decreased. The serosal fluid transfer also fell but not the gut fluid uptake. D-glucose absorption and fluid transfer remained unchanged following doses of other Phenoclor and Pyralene (PCB) compounds. 2. Using DP6, malabsorption of D-glucose and impaired serosal fluid transfer were not evident 7 days after a single dose of 0.1, 0.25 and 0.50 g kg-1 body wt. One to 21 days after a single dose (1.0 g kg-1 body wt) of DP6, D-glucose absorption and serosal fluid transfer decreased from 3 to 14 days but thereafter became normal. 3. Although absorption of D-galactose, D-glucose following membrane hydrolysis of D-maltose, and L-arginine, L-histidine, L-ornithine and L-proline decreased slightly 7 days after a single dose of Phenoclor DP6,the results were not significant, nor were changes in fluid transfer. 4. Following Phenoclor DP6-treatment, D-glucose malabsorption was abolished by an exogenous energy supply (D-mannose). DP6 affected intracellular metabolism and not the glucose carrier at the membrane brush border. 5. The body-weights and fresh small intestinal weights of mice treated with different PCBs remained unchanged after seven days. The histology of the small intestine showed minimal changes.
Gen Pharmacol 1976 Sep
PMID:Polychlorinated biphenyls (phenoclor and pyralene) and intestinal transport of hexoses and amino acids in mice. 82 75

Over 15 years, 33 patients, who had had 36 ileal resections that included the terminal ileum, had Schilling tests to measure the absorption of vitamin B12. In 11 patients who had 60 cm or more of ileum removed, only one test was normal, while in 25 patients with less than 60 cm resected, 17 tests were normal. Seven of the patients with over 60 cm of ileum resected had stool-fat estimations and none were normal. Eight of 10 patients who had less than 60 cm of ileum resected had normal stool-fat estimations. Results of the Schilling test, but not of the stool-fat estimations, are proportional to the length of ileal resection, up to 60 cm. Retention of terminal ileum tends to preserve vitamin B12 absorption capacity. Thus, if more than 60 cm of terminal ileum is removed, fat and B12 malabsorption are likely. The Schilling test is an indicator of the degree of terminal ileal dysfunction.
Can J Surg 1977 Sep
PMID:The relation between ileal resection and vitamin B12 absorption. 89 Jun 22

We undertook to test the recent suggestion that measurement of immunoreactive carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in pancreatic secretion may be useful in diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Using duodenal intubation and a perfusion method in 57 cases, we measured the rate of pancreatic CEA secretion into the duodenum under basal saline perfusion, alone and with continuous intravenous infusion of secretin (2 clinical units per kg per hr) and of cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK, 15 Crick-Harper-Raper units per kg per hr); and we compared the CEA output with secretion of trypsin, lipase, and bicarbonate under the same conditions. Subsequent laparotomy revealed pancreatic carcinoma in 25 patients, pancreatitis in 7, other intraabdominal malignancies in 6, and benign nonpancreatic disorders in 19. CEA output rates did not differentiate all pancreatic-cancer patients from other patients in any test condition. However, pancreatic enzyme outputs were abnormal with almost 90% of cancers of the pancreatic head and with 75% of cancers of the pancreatic body and tail. For detection of pancreatic cancer, enzyme and bicarbonate outputs in response to CCK are more accurate than pancreatic CEA or bicarbonate outputs in response to secretin. Since CCK-stimulated enzyme outputs can be related accurately to malabsorption (not reported here), we prefer them to bicarbonate output for assessment of pancreatic function.
Gastroenterology 1977 Sep
PMID:Prospective evaluation of the pancreatic secretion of immunoreactive carcinoembryonic antigen, enzyme, and bicarbonate in patients suspected of having pancreatic cancer. 89 42

Alimentary tract manifestations were found in all of 17 patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 2b. The manifestations are important because (1) they were chronic, (2) they were severe and led to abdominal operation in 5 patients, (3) they antedated detection of the endocrine neoplasms in the syndrome in 16 patients (94%), and (4) they provided clinical clues that stimulated search for thyroidal C-cell and adrenal medullary disease in 6 patients. The alimentary tract manifestations were diverse: symptoms included constipation, diarrhea, difficulty with feeding, projectile vomiting, crampy abdominal pain, and loud borborygmi; findings included thickened lips, nodules on the anterior third of the tongue, abdominal distention, visible peristaltic waves, and roentgenographic evidence of megacolon or diverticulosis of the colon or of dilatation of the small intestine and stomach. Initial misinterpretation or failure to realize the significance of one or more of these alimentary tract manifestations led to suspicion of aganglionic megacolon (three patients), malabsorption syndrome (two patients), and tracheal ring (one patient).
Mayo Clin Proc 1977 Sep
PMID:Alimentary tract manifestations of multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 2b. 89 96

Divergent available information on the capability of Strongyloides stercoralis to cause malabsorption prompted a long-term observation in which the nutritional state of the subjects was carefully defined. In spite of moderate to severe symptoms, well nourished patients, even with segmental jejunitis, did not show malabsorption. All patients presenting this parasitic infection with concomitant malnutrition showed absorptive defects. Abnormal absorption persisted in spite of parasitic cure when malnutrition was not immediately corrected, and disappeared with correction of the malnutrition even if parasitic infection was allowed to continue. The present experience indicates that the malabsorption syndrome seen in some cases of S. stercoralis infection is secondary to the concomitant malnutrition and not to the parasite per se.
Am J Trop Med Hyg 1977 Sep
PMID:Intestinal function and morphology in strongyloidiasis. 90 48


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