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Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Using mouse everted whole small intestine 7 days after a single dose of Phenoclor DP6 (hexachlorobiphenyl) at 1.0 g kg-1 body wt, absorption of D-glucose decreased significantly, probably owing to toxic traces of pentodicholobenzofuran in the PCB preparation and not its high chlorine content. D-glucose tissue accumulation decreased. The serosal fluid transfer also fell but not the gut fluid uptake. D-glucose absorption and fluid transfer remained unchanged following doses of other Phenoclor and Pyralene (PCB) compounds. 2. Using DP6, malabsorption of D-glucose and impaired serosal fluid transfer were not evident 7 days after a single dose of 0.1, 0.25 and 0.50 g kg-1 body wt. One to 21 days after a single dose (1.0 g kg-1 body wt) of DP6, D-glucose absorption and serosal fluid transfer decreased from 3 to 14 days but thereafter became normal. 3. Although absorption of D-galactose, D-glucose following membrane hydrolysis of D-maltose, and L-arginine, L-histidine, L-ornithine and L-proline decreased slightly 7 days after a single dose of Phenoclor DP6,the results were not significant, nor were changes in fluid transfer. 4. Following Phenoclor DP6-treatment, D-glucose malabsorption was abolished by an exogenous energy supply (D-mannose). DP6 affected intracellular metabolism and not the glucose carrier at the membrane brush border. 5. The body-weights and fresh small intestinal weights of mice treated with different PCBs remained unchanged after seven days. The histology of the small intestine showed minimal changes.
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PMID:Polychlorinated biphenyls (phenoclor and pyralene) and intestinal transport of hexoses and amino acids in mice. 82 75

Twenty-eight Sioux and 29 Saluteaux Indians from a southern and an isolated northern Manitoban community were screened for lactose malabsorption; 55 were also screened for sucrose tolerance. Sixty percent of the subjects were lactose malabsorbers; the incidence increased with age. Lactase deficiency appeared, on the average, between 8 and 15 years of age. About 45% of the subjects were lactose intolerant. Malabsorbers who did not regularly drink milk had the highest symptom scores. The northern subjects consumed significantly more lactose and sucrose than the southern subjects. Two Sioux children were sucrose malabsorbers. It was hypothesized that the significantly greater sucrose consumption by the Saulteaux subjects were responsible for their markedly higher blood glucose curve following the sucrose tolerance tests. Dietary sucrose increases jejunal sucrase activity and the intestinal transport of glucose and fructose. Three of eight children less than 4 years were lactose malabsorbers; hence, medical personnel treating noninjective diarrhea in Indian children should examine for lactase deficiency. It was recommended that vitamin D fortified milk supplements to Indian school children be continued and that the milk be treated so as to reduce abdominal symptoms in the intolerant individuals.
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PMID:Disaccharide consumption and malabsorption in Canadian Indians. 85 12

To clarify the controversy about the effectiveness of a gluten-free diet in dermatitis herpetiformis, 10 highly motivated patients were investigated. The indices used to assess improvement included deposition of sub-epidermal IgA in unaffected skin, counts of intraepithelial lymphocytes, deposition of IgA in jejunal villi, and electrical tests of glucose absorption. In every patient subepidermal IgA concentrations fell after gluten withdrawal. In all but one patient the dose of dapsone necessary to control symptoms was reduced. Indeed, six patients stopped taking the drug completely within a year. In nine patients biopsy specimens were taken from the jejunum; seven showed abnormalities in jejunal morphology, eight had increased numbers of intraepithelial lymphocytes, and five had increased numbers of IgA-reactive cells in the lamina propria. Two of these three indices improved after gluten withdrawal, which confirmed that all nine patients were adhering to their diet. Routine screening for malabsorption proved to be unsatisfactory for showing the mild jejunal disease found in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. The electrical test of glucose absorption showed subnormal results in all eight patients tested, however, and in six the results improved after gluten withdrawal.
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PMID:Dermatitis herpetiformis: effect of gluten-free diet on skin IgA and jejunal structure and function. 85 90

The relation between small intestinal transit time and postgastrectomy diarrhea was investigated with a technique which employs the measurement of pulmonary H2 excretion after ingestion of the nonabsorbable sugar, lactulose. Ten postgastrectomy patients with persistent diarrhea had an average small bowel transit time of 35.2 +/- 3 min (S.E.M.), which was significantly (p less than 0.05) shorter than either that of 10 patients without diarrhea (74.6 +/- 5 min) or 40 healthy controls (72.6 +/- 5 min). These decreased transit times appeared to be due to rapid gastric emptying rather than to a primary intestinal abnormality, since the transit of lactulose instilled directly into the jejunum was equally rapid in patients and controls. All postgastrectomy patients with diarrhea failed to absorb a portion of a 100 gm dose of glucose (quantitated by pulmonary H2 measurements), but all patients without diarrhea and 10 healthy control subjects absorbed the entire dose. Constant perfusion studies of the terminal ileum in two patients indicated that glucose absorption was least efficient from the most rapidly moving front of the ingested bolus of glucose. These studies suggest that the diarrhea observed in some postgastrectomy patients is, in part, the result of malabsorption of carbohydrate due to excessively rapid small bowel transit which is secondary to rapid gastric emptying.
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PMID:Use of breath hydrogen (H2) to quantitate small bowel transit time following partial gastrectomy. 87 70

Food intake was measured in 22 obese patients before and after jejunioleostomy for obesity. Most of the weight loss could be accounted for by the observed reduction of caloric intake. Malabsorption was also present as indicated by increased loss of fat in the stools, and decreased absorption of D-xylose and vitamin B12. A dislike for sweet tastes developed after surgery in most patients. Preferences for concentrated solutions of sucrose and glucose were reduced after patients showed a depression of food intake by a 440-calorie preload which had not been detected before surgery. These studies show a decrease in food intake after intestinal bypass surgery and suggest a role for taste or other gastrointestinal factors in regulating food intake.
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PMID:Intestinal bypass surgery for obesity decreases food intake and taste preferences. 93 32

Lactose-tolerance-test (LTT), ethanol-lactose-tolerance-test (ELTT), 14CO2 breath test and 14C-glucose determination were simultaneously performed in 27 healthy subjects, 16 patients with a Billroth II gastrectomy and 6 patients with a malabsorption syndrome. Intestinal mucosal lactase was absent or significant diminished in 5 of the B II cases and in all patients with malabsorption. In the lactase deficient patients a diminished serum glucose rise after ingestion of 50 g lactose was observed in LTT as well as in ELTT. False positive results in LTT could not be prevented by performing the ELTT. Furthermore the ELTT is not suitable for ambulant investigations because of the required high ethanol load of 0.5 g/kg. Most reliable results were obtained by determination of 14C-serum-glucose after oral application of about 15 muCi of 14C lactose. In respect to lactase level neither false positive nor false negative results were observed. For clinical investigations the procedure of isolation and measurement of 14C-glucose is too laborious however. 14CO2-exhalation test cannot be recommended because of many false positive and false negative results. Moreover 14CO2-exhalation seemed to be insensible and predominant depending on factors other than lactose absorption.
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PMID:[Diagnostics of lactose-malabsorption: value of tolerance tests and 14CO2 exhalation test in patients with and without lactase deficiency (author's transl)]. 99 41

Dietary carbohydrates, which constitute a most important source of equine nutrition, are digested and absorbed by a series of complex processes principally in the small intestine, beginning with intraluminal starch hydrolysis by the action of pancreatic amylase. The continuous secretion of a copious volume of pancreatic juice, low in enzyme activity, presumably releases sufficient oligosaccharides for further hydrolysis at the intestinal cell surface by brush border enzymes. Active carrier mediated mechanisms then transport the final hexose products across the intestinal cell for uptake in the hepatic portal system. Brush border disaccharidase activities in the equine small intestine are of the same order of magnitude, and have a similar distribution pattern, to those reported in omnivorous and carnivorous species. The disaccharidase development patterns are characteristic and reflect the ability of the horse to digest the major nutrient sources adequately at various stages of life. The efficiency of the mucosal disaccharidases and the monosaccharide transport systems in the equine small intestine have been established by a series of oral disaccharide and monosaccharide tolerance tests. Horses older than three years of age are unable to hydrolyse lactose, but young and adult horses are fully capable of rapidly hydrolysing sucrose and maltose loads. Several tests have clinical application for assessing small intestinal dysfunction in the investigation of diarrhoea and malabsorption. The deficient digestion or absorption of carbohydrate, whether primary or secondary, can almost always be localized to a defect in the enzymic or transport capacity of the small intestinal surface cell. The continued ingestion of lactose could be detrimental in severely diarrhoeic foals.
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PMID:Carbohydrate digestion and absorption in the equine small intestine. 110 Aug 25

A newborn infant, small for her gestational age with macroglossia and transient insulinopenic diabetes mellitus is described. Two similar cases have been found in the literature. Flat glucose tolerance test results were found in the mother, the mechanism of which was not disclosed; there was no evidence of hyperinsulinism or malabsorption syndrome and the response of plasma growth hormone, and cortisol, and of urinary epinephrine to insulin-induced hypoglycemia was adequate. It is suggested that the triad of intrauterine growth retardation, macroglossia, and transient neonatal diabetes mellitus constitutes a distinct clinical entity. The link to the maternal abnormalities of carbohydrated homeostasis remains speculative.
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PMID:Macroglossia, transient neonatal diabetes mellitus and intrauterine growth failure: a new distinct entity? 111 Aug 57

Forty-four patients with myotonic dystrophy were subjected to various tests for intestinal absorption. A varying number of patients were subjected to the various tests. In one patient (of altogether 11 patients) a pathological vitamin A absorption test was found together with increased faecal excretion of fat and nitrogen. Two of 12 patients showed pathological D-xylose tests. The reason for this may possibly be deficient urine collection. Schilling tests were on the whole normal. Glucose tolerance tests were pathological in 26 of 35 patients. The following pathological findings were made: elevated fasting blood sugar, elevated peak level, delayed return to pretest level, biphasic response and reduced increment in blood glucose levels following loading. The biphasic response seems to be a rather characteristic finding in myotonic dystrophy. The peak concentration was in all except one case reached within 15-60 minutes. Intravenous glucose loading gave normal response curves. The pathological response on oral loading was probably often caused by intestinal motility disturbances and not by malabsorption. Malabsorption seems to be a rare feature of myotonic dystrophy.
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PMID:Intestinal absorption in myotonic dystrophy. 111 17

Kwashkorkor is associated with malabsorption of energy and nutrients. Standard diets often initiate diarrhea and a high mortality is still prevalent. A synthetic monomolecular formula has been evaluated and compared with a standard diet in the early rehabilitation phase of 21 children with kwashiorkor. The formula group had significantly less vomiting and reached minimum weight faster than the group on standard diet. Weight gain and diarrhea were similar. The rise of albumin and BUN was faster on standard diet. A significant increase in haemoglobin was seen only in the formula group. A rise in body temperature after a meal was evident in most patients and significantly more pronounced in the formula group. The lower total nitrogen content of the formula may explain the observed slower rise in albumin and BUN but the ready utilization was indicated by the favourable weight changes as well as the rise in rectal temperature. As high energy per volume was desirable the formula was not diluted to isoosmolality. However, the high glucose concentration in the experimental diet probably caused some negative effects.
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PMID:Chemically defined diet in the treatment of kwashiorkor. 113 Jan 85


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